BioScientific Review最新文献

{"title":"Morpho-Molecular Study and Biochemical Management of Fusarium Solani in Bell Pepper","authors":"Muhammad Arslan Khan, Hasan Riaz, Muhammad Ramzan*, U. Ullah, Haider Ali, Tooba Ishfaq","doi":"10.32350/bsr.53.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.05","url":null,"abstract":"Bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in Pakistan. This crop is prone to many fungal diseases, such as Phytophthora blight, Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, Powdery mildew, and Anthracnose. Among all of them, Fusarium wilt is the most devastating disease of bell pepper that is responsible for heavy yield reduction. This study is aimed to identify and manage Fusarium solani in bell pepper, in vitro as well as in pots experiment. For this purpose, sampling, isolation, purification, and morpho-molecular identification were performed. Molecular characterization of F. solani was achieved by using ITS primers. The results showed that the nucleotide sequence of these isolates showed 100% homology to Fusarium solani. In vitro management was done by the application of Trichoderma harzianum and synthetic fungicides (Thiophanate methyl, Mancozeb+Metalaxyl, Fosetyl aluminum, Difenoconazole, and Sulphur). Five concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 800 ppm, and 1000 ppm) were employed using dual culture and food poisoning method, respectively. LSD was used in combination with four replications. Data was taken after 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. The results showed that T. harzianum inhibited F. solani growth up to 87.98% after 10 days. As compared to the biological treatment, Thiophanate methyl showed maximum inhibition (100%) after 3 days at 100 ppm. Later on, its efficacy at 100 ppm was reduced after 5, 7, and 10 days. The inhibition after 10 days was calculated to be 72.89%. At 200, 400, 800, and 1000 ppm, the percentage of inhibition was up to 100%. Furthermore, Mancozeb + Metalaxyl showed maximum inhibition (100%) after 3 days at 1000 ppm. Similarly, Fosetyl aluminum showed maximum inhibition (100%) after 3 days at 1000 ppm. Whereas, Difenoconazole showed maximum inhibition (100%) after 3 days at 800 ppm. Later on, the efficacy at 800 ppm was reduced after 7 and 10 days. The inhibition after 10 days was calculated to be 87.72%. At 1000 ppm, the percentage of inhibition was up to 100%. Finally, sulphur showed maximum inhibition 82.7% after 3 days at 1000 ppm. Later on, its efficacy at 1000 ppm was reduced after 5, 7, and 10 days. The inhibition after 10 days was calculated to be 62.62%.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139289926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoextraction and Stabilization of Lead in Contaminated Soils using Plants","authors":"Sumaira Mazhar, Iqra Tabbasum","doi":"10.32350/bsr.53.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.06","url":null,"abstract":"Lead is a toxic heavy metal contaminant that poses a serious threat to human health. It is present everywhere in the environment including agricultural, industrial and residential areas. To remediate lead from the contaminated soil, phytoremediation approaches are used. Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization are methods of phytoremediation which has been successfully used to remediate lead contaminant from the soil. Phytoextraction involves the use of hyperaccumulators; to accumulate lead contaminant within the shoots by using the uptake mechanism. Whereas, Phytostabilization involves the stabilization or maintenance of lead in the rhizosphere of the soil to reduce its harmful impact on the environment. Lead phytoextraction could be enhanced by adding chelating agents, such as EDTA, to increase the bioavailability of lead contaminant in the plants. Lead phytostabilization is an effective method to remediate lead contaminant. This method tolerates lead exposure and prevents it in or around the root zone which can restrict the movement of lead into other plants, avoiding resuspended dust and mitigating lead exposure. These approaches are cost effective, simple; ecofriendly and do not require a huge amount of labour.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Hyperbilirubinemia Levels of Male and Female Newborns in Physiological Jaundice: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Ahmed Shabbir Chaudhry, Muhammad Naeem Shehzad, Maryum Akhktar, Muhammad Subaan Fareed, Usman Adrees, Muhammad Daood Khan, Hassan shabbir Chaudary, Zoha Rubab, Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza Saleem","doi":"10.32350/bsr.54.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.54.01","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological jaundice is the most common condition that requires medical attention and hospital readmission of neonates. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice in the first week of life. Furthermore, about 10% of breastfed babies stay with jaundice until the age of 1 month. In the current study, a total of 139 neonates were evaluated for physiological jaundice in which 89 (64%) were male neonates and 50 (36%) were female neonates. Blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions. All samples were performed on Roche/Hitachi COBASc, based on the spectrophotometric technique. The mean SD (15.867±5.57) was calculated for the total, direct, and indirect bilirubin in neonates who were divided into 3 groups based on the number of days, that is, 1-2, 3-5, and 6-22 days, respectively. For indirect bilirubin in the age group of 1-2, ±SD was 13.80±5.41 in males, whereas it was ±10.40 in females, while the p-value < 0.01 was significant. Hyperbilirubinemia is associated with bilirubin due to a higher mass of red blood cells. It was found that the total, direct, and indirect bilirubin significantly increased in the 1st to 5th day of life after birth with male neonates being more vulnerable to pathological jaundice as compared to female neonates.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of My Plate-Based Education on Nutrition Knowledge of Elementary School Students in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Zahra Abbas, Aiman Jamil, Syeda Laraib Ayaz, Ifza Ikhlaq, Madiha Noor, Afifa Tanweer","doi":"10.32350/bsr.53.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.04","url":null,"abstract":"An interventional study was conducted to enhance the knowledge of school going children of seventh grade. School age is the best age to provide nutrition knowledge because at this age eating habits are being developed. Nutrition education is an approachable and effective tool for healthy living. Nutrition knowledge helps students to become aware of healthy choices and also helps to prevent the onset of different diseases. ‘My Plate’ is a tool that is used to provide knowledge to students. Every food group on My Plate has equal importance and health benefits. In this research, a self-made questionnaire was used and the knowledge of students about food groups was assessed using SPSS. The results indicated a major difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge. In introduction, knowledge student’s knowledge increased from 4% to 76.7%. Regarding grains, group knowledge increased from 25.3% to 72.6%. Regarding fruits and vegetables and proteins, student knowledge increased up to 97.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Regarding dairy products, group knowledge increased up to 84.9%.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance among the Most Common Grades of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Hamza Naeem, Sarfaraz Khan, M. A. Siddiqui, Muhammad Mohsin Ali, Shahida Nazir Siddiqui, Amna Ghafoor, Sarmad Zahoor, H. Mahboob","doi":"10.32350/bsr.53.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.02","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was aimed to determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistivity of common microorganisms isolated from the most common grades of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) presenting at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 293 patients were included in the study conducted from January 2019 to December 2020. Deep-seated tissue samples of dimensions 0.5×0.5 cm were taken from the ulcer after surgical debridement, washed with saline, and immediately sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity (C&S). Data were analyzed by using SPSS 26. Grade 2 and Grade 3 DFUs (26.62% and 49.14%, respectively) were the most abundant of all DFUs, while Staphylococcus aureus was the most abundant bacteria. The polymicrobial growth pattern was found to be dominant in the current study. The incidence of MRSA was 68.4%(26/38) and 66.2%(49/74) in grades 2 and 3, respectively. The overall incidence of gram-negative microbes increased with an increase in the grade of ulcer. Hence, it can be concluded that early identification and grading of the disease can assist in the early initiation of empirical treatment and may reduce the unwanted morbidity of the disease. Furthermore, ultimate treatment should always be based on culture and sensitivity reported to minimize the disease's socioeconomic burden and morbidity.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels in Diabetic Patients","authors":"Wahid Ullah, Azhar Nazir, Hasnain Israr, Shahid Hussain, Muhammad Farooq","doi":"10.32350/bsr.53.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.03","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal morbidity which occurs when chronic diabetes destroys the filtering system of the kidneys. Serum urea and creatinine are widely used as renal function test parameters. This study aims to assess the level of serum urea and creatinine in diabetic patients and their relationship with each other. The study was conducted in Ayub Teaching Hospital from September 15 to December 20, 2019. A total of 176 samples from confirmed diabetic patients were analyzed including 85 female and 91 male patients. Also, 83 control samples were taken for this study. Serum urea and creatinine levels were assessed to evaluate diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients. SPSS (version 23) was used for statistical analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to check the relationship of blood sugar level, creatinine, and urea. Descriptive statistics (mean ± SD) were measured for the continuous variable. Scatter plot diagrams were added for the easy visualization and interpretation of the data. The significant level was set at p < 0.05. Out of the 176 diabetic samples, 32 had abnormally high serum creatinine and 66 had abnormal serum urea. In controls, one individual had high creatinine and three individuals had high serum urea. A significant increase in both urea and creatinine levels was observed in diabetic samples. Both serum urea and creatinine showed a strong positive correlation with the level of glucose and remained statistically significant (p < 0.01). Similarly, blood glucose level showed a strong correlation with the renal function test parameters. Hence, it was concluded that serum urea and creatinine are important parameters to assess kidney function in diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Quality and Yield Performance of Plum (Prunus domestica) Varieties Grown in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Noman Ahmad, Sarfraz Ahmad, I. Tariq, Iftikhar Ali, M. Usman, Humna Tariq, G. Murtaza, Abrar Ahmad","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.06","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is ranked 17th in the world for plum production, with a total output of 67,000 tonnes. In terms of area and production, plum (Prunus domestica) is Pakistan's second largest stone fruit, after peach. Plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a temperate zone fruit crop, made up of different varieties. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional quality and yield performance of five different plum varieties (Methley, Shakar Prune, Santa Rosa, Hersminar, and Red Beaut) grown in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Plum samples were collected from the Horticultural Research Station, Nowshera (Soon Valley), Pakistan during May 2021 and analyzed for fruit yield and nutritional quality parameters. The maximum fruit fresh weight (52.9g) was recorded in Red Beaut and the lowest fresh weight (12.4 g) in Methley. The cultivar with the highest nutritional value was Shakar Prune with 16.4% of total soluble solids (TSS) and 12.2% of total sugars content, whereas the lowest nutritional value was recorded in Herisminar with total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugars content of 14.8% and 10.0%, respectively. All varieties showed significant variation in terms of fresh weight, total soluble solids (TSS), and total sugars. The results showed the yield performance and nutritional quality of different plum varieties, with Red Beaut and Shakarprune cultivars highlighted as the best. The study concluded that yield performance and nutritional quality depend strongly on the respective plum variety.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134329706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Cattle Feed Samples Collected from Local Areas of Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Hafiza Akifa Naeem, Aqeela Ashraf, Uzma Rafi, Naseem Zahra","doi":"10.32350/bsr.53.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.53.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are naturally occurring toxic metabolites produced by fungi in various food crops. The current study aims to determine the level of aflatoxins by using thin-layer chromatography in cattle feed samples and evaluates different methods including physical, chemical, and biological methods used for detoxification. A total of 80 samples including 40 fresh feed samples (20 wanda and 20 makai) and 40 dry feed samples (10 samples of dana, 10 samples of chokhar, 10 samples of toori, 3 samples of Khal, and 7 samples of makai dana) were collected from 22 areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Physical methods used for detoxification included washing and boiling, while chemical methods included detoxification with 10% citric acid, 10% acetic acid, 2% sodium hydroxide, and 2% hydrochloric acid. Finally, biological methods included detoxification with 0.15% mustard oil and 0.15% black seed oil. Among the samples, 9 wanda, 7 makai, 3 khal, 2 dana, and 2 chokhar samples were found to be contaminated. Only 6.25% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit of 20 parts per billion (ppb) set by the USFDA. A chemical method applied to khal samples achieved the highest reduction percentage at 63.64%. Meanwhile, physical and biological methods resulted in reduction percentages of 23.91% and 35.72%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of various approaches, particularly highlighting the significant reduction achieved with the chemical method in khal samples. Moreover, these findings contribute to the understanding of effective strategies for mitigating aflatoxin contamination in cattle feed.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cushing’s Syndrome (CS) in Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Strategies","authors":"S. Ashraf, Shakeela Parveen, Saba Ashraf, Uzma Batool, M. Sultana, Urwah Ishaque, Zainab Shafqat, Saman Shabbir, Zainab Riaz, Zunaira Faiz","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.04","url":null,"abstract":"A rare condition known as Cushing’s Disease (CD) causes increased morbidity or mortality. It is an endocrine illness that presents differently from other endocrine disorders, making it difficult for doctors to control. Hence, early detection and treatment are essential. Significant fetal and mental complications during pregnancy are linked to Cushing’s Syndrome (CS). Except in the late trimester, surgery is its preferred method of treatment during pregnancy, with medication therapy as a backup. Therapeutic methods such as anti-cortisol medication, bilateral adrenalectomy, or radiation procedures may, therefore, be required to prevent long-term dangers of hypercortisolism, such as hirsutism, moon face, facial plethora, and obesity. Endogenous hypercortisolism increases the risk of cardiovascular metabolic symptoms, osteoporosis, respiratory diseases, psychological difficulties, and infections, while also inducing a high rate of morbidity or mortality.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124588853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in Different Rice Paddies of Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Usman Adrees, Imran Afzal, Ahmed Shabbir Chaudhary, Ramna Zia, Kashif Ali, Hassan shabbir Chaudary","doi":"10.32350/bsr.52.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.03","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a major cash crop used all over world. The hygroscopic nature of rice kernel with warm and fumic conditions is favorable to enhance the growth and development of toxigenic fungi which produce mycotoxins. This study estimates the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in different rice paddies collected from twelve regions of the Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan. All the samples were analyzed for their phenotypic characteristics (appearance, odor, and grain length). Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate AFB1, both before and after applying the steam decontamination procedure to detoxify aflatoxin contamination. Cultural assay was used to find the source of aflatoxin. PDA and SDA agar were used to detect aflatoxin producing fungal species. Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LCB) staining was used for microscopic identification of fungal contaminants. Paddies from most regions appeared yellowish in color and odorless with the exception of Hafizabad, Jhang, Sheikhupura, and Gujarat (in Punjab), where they appeared blackish yellow in color and with a pungent smell. According to the results, 43 (61.42%) samples were detected with aflatoxin B1 out of 70 samples, with an average of 15.86±1.7 ug/kg, before treating with seam. After treatment with steam, 7 (10%) samples were detected with aflatoxin B1, with an average of 2.55±1.51 ug/kg. Most regions showed the presence of P. chrysogenum with the exception of R.Y. Khan, which showed the presence of A. niger. Steam, on average, reduced aflatoxin to 51.42%. The current study indicates that steam is an effective treatment to eradicate aflatoxin at industrial level. New approaches may be explored to target the contaminants in order to ensure food safety.","PeriodicalId":249784,"journal":{"name":"BioScientific Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124360081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}