The Chivalric TurnPub Date : 2019-06-05DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198782940.003.0008
D. Crouch
{"title":"The Insurgent Woman","authors":"D. Crouch","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198782940.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198782940.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Conduct literature concerning women is frequently adversarial and assumes women are trying to escape male control, and it can range from casually misogynistic to the extreme anti-feminism of clerical tracts. Since European society allowed woman a social role in court and hall and interchange was common between sexes in public, intersexual relations were a major stress point in courtly society, and conduct literature directed at women in society was extensive. Tracts identify the dangers of social interchange, not least the narcissism and predatory nature of male behaviour. Defences were available to vulnerable women in dress, in limiting access, and in the model of the preudefemme, while a new one of ostentatious hyper-religiosity grew up as a response to the emerging masculine hypermorality of Chivalry.","PeriodicalId":249299,"journal":{"name":"The Chivalric Turn","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133187465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Chivalric TurnPub Date : 2019-06-05DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198782940.003.0012
D. Crouch
{"title":"The Disruptive Knight","authors":"D. Crouch","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198782940.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198782940.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The centuries-long debate over the origins and status of ‘knight’ produced in several national historiographies the view that the European knight rose in status to become a noble during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The twentieth century challenged this view, suggesting that knights were not a coherent social group and that we have misunderstood what it meant to be knighted. It is argued here that knights up till the thirteenth century may well have formed an economic continuum in European societies, with most of them being salaried employees in households and not automatically of noble standing. What defined them as a social group was their dependency on the noble magnates who employed them and with whom they associated. There is also evidence of a military and civil ethos of knighthood which was their property, not that of the noble magnates.","PeriodicalId":249299,"journal":{"name":"The Chivalric Turn","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116493056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Enemy","authors":"D. Crouch","doi":"10.1215/9780822391289-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822391289-007","url":null,"abstract":"In a society as competitive as that of the medieval European elite, defence from open and concealed enemies was a matter of survival. Self-control was paramount as it was proverbial that a man was his own worst enemy. As a result, mitigating the effects of anger, rather than indulging it, was predominant in medieval conduct literature, contrary to some analyses of the medieval mentality. It was the young male which medieval society most feared as likely to disrupt society by his lack of self-control. Most feared of all was the rival courtier whose pleasant and flattering demeanour concealed an implacable and covert enemy (the losenger) conspiring at a rival’s overthrow. When open hostility broke out, medieval societies structured animosity into a framework called mortal enmity, which allowed its worst effects to be mitigated and not spill over to blood feud.","PeriodicalId":249299,"journal":{"name":"The Chivalric Turn","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132882529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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