Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Slickwater Refrac Treatments Utilizing Mechanical and Formation Diversion Techniques ao Extend Wells Productivity","authors":"Wafaa Alnakhli, Zeyad Habiballah, S. Baki, Abdullah Alzamil, J. Rueda, Abdulrahman Alowaid, Karim Mechkak","doi":"10.2118/213233-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213233-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of the paper is to evaluate the successful implementation of refrac treatment in unconventional wells with initial completion and stimulation practices. The implementation of refracturing treatment utilizing various diverter systems proved to be operationally feasible, increase productivity, and extend well life cycle.\u0000 Slick-water refrac practice relies on the combination of adding additional clusters through e-coil within previously stimulated clusters and utilizing mechanical or chemical diverters to plug dominant clusters, allowing the treatment to stimulate newly added or poorly contributing clusters. A fit-for-purpose criteria was developed for proper diverter selection, number and spacing of additional clusters, diverter drop systems, enhanced pumping schedules, and contingency plans.\u0000 The approach had been utilized in several wells, previously stimulated with various fluid systems and job volumes, completed with different completion types and sizes, and through numerous diverter types and drop systems, with notable success from operational and production point of view. Clear indications of effective diversion and stimulation were observed based on pressure response during diverter drop and treatment cycles, as well as an increased wells productivity. In conclusion, the application of refrac approach proved to be operationally feasible while allowing for an enhanced well performance post the refrac treatment.\u0000 The implemented combined approach of additional clusters, optimized diverter volumes, adjusted pumping schedules, and multiple diverter drop options offer several benefits in multiple categories: Operational (allowing for on-the-fly addition of diverters and continues cyclic pumping, and preventing the occurrence of screenouts during the refrac treatment), Technical (increasing the stimulated reservoir volume and contact with the formation), and Productivity (enhancing well performance and increasing well life cycle)","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128777153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Deep and Ultradeep Azimuthal Resistivity Images in Carbonate Reservoirs Links Reservoir Structure with Rock Type while Drilling","authors":"O. Ramadan, U. Idris, M. Van Steene, G. Santoso","doi":"10.2118/213667-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213667-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deep and ultradeep azimuthal resistivity images enable precise well placement inside the reservoir structure. However, they deliver limited information about the quality of the reservoir, especially in carbonates, where large pore-size variations are common. Combining the deep and ultra-deep resistivity images with logging-while-drilling (LWD) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements enables linking reservoir structure with rock types while drilling for optimal well placement.\u0000 The NMR data is used to generate four petrophysical rock types while drilling: RT-1 has good porosity and long T2 components, indicating large pores; RT-2 has good porosity but medium T2 components, indicating smaller pores; RT-3 has medium porosity and long T2 components; and RT-4 has medium or low porosity and medium or short T2 components, indicating the worst facies. The first step in identifying these rock types is running factor analysis on the NMR data. This data analysis method is used to reduce a large dataset to a smaller number of underlying components. Used with NMR data, the method typically produces 9 to 11 factors and their associated poro-fluid facies, which are further reduced to four to ease interpretation.\u0000 The method was implemented in two wells. The first had a single lateral, which was geosteered using ultradeep azimuthal resistivity images and NMR. The borehole entered the reservoir from the bottom. The NMR indicated a large section of RT-4, so the well was steered to cross into the upper reservoir lobe in search of better rock type. The best rock type, RT-2, was discovered at 8 ft true vertical depth (TVD) below the top of the reservoir, and geosteering continued within that rock type.\u0000 The second well was a trilateral, geosteered with deep azimuthal resistivity imaging and NMR measurements. The initial lateral penetrated the first reservoir layer, where the NMR indicated RT-3 rock type with high permeability. After about 500 ft of drilling, the target reservoir layer was identified below the wellbore, and the well was steered into it. The NMR initially indicated that the rock type was RT-2, but combining the reservoir structure from the deep azimuthal resistivity image inversion with NMR rock typing confirmed that the upper section of the second layer had the best rock type, namely RT-1. Based on this finding, the second and third laterals were placed in the upper part of the same reservoir layer, with an excellent net-to-gross ratio.\u0000 Association of NMR rock typing and reservoir structure while drilling is a new methodology that combines the strengths of both techniques to optimize reservoir understanding and well placement.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127831946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic Fracturing of Highly Azimuthally-Deviated Horizontal Wells Enhanced by Wellbore Notching","authors":"M. AlTammar, K. Alruwaili, H. Al-Dakheel, G. Aidagulov, M. Abbad","doi":"10.2118/213309-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213309-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Multistage hydraulic fracturing is an effective stimulation method as it opens communication between the wellbore and larger reservoir volumes. Nevertheless, there are cases where the formation cannot be fractured within the completion pressure limitations. This problem can be addressed by placing weak points, such as perforations and notches, so fractures could initiate there at lower pressure. This paper discusses this remedy applied in horizontal open holes that are highly deviated from the minimum horizontal stress.\u0000 In this study, cement grout block samples (24×18×18 in.) were prepared to cast precisely weak points and boreholes. The cured blocks were completed with 1.25×12 in. (diameter × length) long openhole section in the center. Hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted inside a polyaxial load-frame to simulate the wellbore under strike-slip stress regime. Boreholes of two azimuthal deviations from minimum stress were considered: 0° (straight) and 35° (inclined). For each, two weak points were tested: V-notch and single perforation. Fracturing fluid was injected at low rate into the borehole. The obtained injection pressure trends were interpreted with open holes cored out to analyze the initiated fractures.\u0000 Both fracture initiation pressure (FIP) and fracture breakdown pressure (FBP) (i.e., the maximum) were selected for comparisons, as the former is not influenced by the fracture size nor by the fluid-rock interactions during propagation. FIP was estimated indirectly as deviation from linearity in the borehole injection pressure trend. The results revealed remarkably that the notch significantly reduces FIP and FBP, compared with the reduction by the single perforation, in both the straight and inclined boreholes. Each of the weak points delivered very similar FIP and FBP in straight and inclined boreholes. All the weak points initiated a fracture that is transverse to the borehole axis, which provides the advantage of 360° communication with the reservoir. It was noticed that the inclined borehole with one perforation initiated a transverse fracture with a distinct angle from the preferred plane. To summarize, even if the wellbore is drilled at a high angle of deviation from the minimum horizontal stress in the strike-slip regime, the notch still outperforms perforation in terms of FIP reduction.\u0000 This work presents experimental comparisons of hydraulic fracturing pressure reductions caused by notches and single perforation holes placed in horizontal open holes aligned with and highly deviated from the minimum horizontal stress. The experiments showed how notches outperform conventional perforation, and by this, provide insights for stimulation design of horizontal wells where trajectories were influenced by factors other than stimulation, such as geology and reservoir location.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114946351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starter Wellhead: Achieving Mechanical Barrier Isolation in Large Casings Annuli While Countering Wellhead Thermal Growth","authors":"M. Mukhlifi, Pandu Wirawan, Mansour Abdullah Alamer","doi":"10.2118/213715-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213715-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes the method and apparatus of the Low-Pressure Starter Wellhead System used for 36\" and 30\" conductor casings to provide the required wellhead sealing integrity for surface formations that have the potential to release formation fluids to environment during the well life cycle without restricting the casing thermal growth. The current industry approach is to rely on cement as the only barrier for casings annuli larger than 24\" to seal off shallow hydrocarbon formations without any consideration for thermal growth resulting from well production.\u0000 Cement, the current barrier for surface casings (greater than 24\" size), is prone to failure due to cracks resulted from the wellhead thermal growth as well as cement placement challenges. Therefore, this necessitates mechanical means of preventing hydrocarbon or water release to atmosphere via proper and sustainable solutions. This will provide the required support to prevent any negative impact on the environment, risks to personnel and to assets. Risks will be higher if the well is close to residential/ populated area and/or located in offshore environment.\u0000 The Low-Pressure Starter Wellhead System is new design concept in oil and gas industry (Patent Number: US11396785B2) as currently there are no available technologies to provide mechanical sealing for big surface casings while encountering thermal growth. It will provide a complete solution to isolate surface zones, provide seal and load integrity and cater for the casing thermal growth during the well production lifecycle. The new design, also, will facilitate the drilling operations while maintaining the well control capability at all times.\u0000 The benefits of the new device are significant. Achieving mechanical isolation for big casing sizes greatly enhances well integrity, especially for wells with shallow hydrocarbon or water formations. Accommodating for wellhead thermal expansion due to high well temperature provides a redundancy and eliminates the associated challenges with cement failures and formation fluid release to the atmosphere. This results in substantial cost avoidance, safety improvement and better environmental protection.\u0000 Sealing potential problematic surface formations is paramount for any well integrity considering the current industry gap with these large conductor sizes. This system presents a unique design in the oil and gas industry to establish a mechanical barrier for larger casings while accommodating for wellhead thermal growth.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Systems Using the Completion and Production Data in Bakken Shale","authors":"Najd Alotaibi, Serkan Dursun","doi":"10.2118/213360-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213360-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives/Scope. Well completion is an important step for every well to undergo in order to prepare it for oil and gas extraction. Based on the nature and characteristics of an oil and gas reservoir, appropriate well completion practices are selected to enhance the production. Hydraulic fracturing is one such technique. It frequently involves horizontal drilling and injecting fluids under high pressure to fracture the rock. The larger fractures along with the injected fluid enable high amounts of trapped natural gas and crude oil to flow out of the formation to the producing well bore. In well completion, a variety of chemicals are employed to leverage oil production, and the goal of this study is to determine how such chemicals impact performance rate in several unconventional wells in the Bakken Shale.\u0000 Methods, Procedures, Process. In this approach, two Completion and Production datasets from North Dakota (the Bakken Shale) and fracFocus were processed and combined accordingly which resulted in some of the following parameters, type of chemical and amount of chemical, and true vertical depth of the wells. And the dataset that was produced was analyzed based on the stimulation treatment. The proposed workflow utilizes supervised machine learning algorithms to train different predictive models to estimate the amount of the produced oil; including but not limited to neural Random Forest, CATboost and XGboost. Additionally, by quantifying each chemicals’ importance on oil production, this investigation was able to determine each chemical's influence.\u0000 Results, Observations, Conclusions. This study examined the impact of more than 2500 different completion chemicals on the oil production of unconventional reservoir and discovered the chemicals with the highest significance on the oil production, given that, the predictive models were able to estimate the oil production accurately after feeding it with the type and measures of the most influencing chemicals.\u0000 Novel/Additive Information. The most important pillar of this framework is that it expedites the workflow of hydraulic fracturing jobs in the unconventional reservoir by providing an accurate model that optimizes its parameters to maximize the oil production rate. This solution offers an automated decision-making process for the selection of chemical types to be used in the hydraulic fracking jobs. The choice of chemicals in fracturing fluids is affected by many variables, including its compatibility with the target rock formation to be hydraulically fractured, the geology of the rock formations being drilled through, the pressure and temperature measurements in the target formation, cost, operator preference, and possible interactions between chemicals in the treatment fluid.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124671215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfate Ion Removal from Seawater for Hydraulic Fracturing by Barium Sulfate Precipitation","authors":"J. Hou, Fahd I. Alghunaimi, M. Han, Norah W. Aljuryyed","doi":"10.2118/213227-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213227-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To face the worldwide shortage of fresh water resources and the increase demand of oil and gas, researchers have devoted to study on application of seawater as a base fluid for hydraulic fracturing. One of the primary challenges for seawater fracturing application is the scale precipitation tendency due to the incompatibility of high sulfate concentration with high calcium, barium or strontium concentration in formation water, which will lead to overall reduction in production capacity. This work aims to develop a chemical precipitation method, which is a low cost way to remove sulfate before injection to solve the scale problem.\u0000 Barium chloride dihydrate was used to precipitate sulfate from seawater for hydraulic fracturing. The chemical dosage, working temperature and precipitation time were optimized. The sulfate concentration in treated water was determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The sedimentation speed to separate treated water and precipitates at different precipitation time was measured using an optical particle stability analyzer. The obtained precipitates were dried at 60?C, and the morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction method (XRD).\u0000 Experimental results showed the barium chloride dihydrate can reduce the sulfate concentration in seawater from more than 4,000 ppm to less than 200 ppm when the dosage barium is higher than 5,500 ppm. The reaction efficiency is not altered in the temperature range from 15ºC to 45ºC. It turned out the treated seawater could meet the requirement for hydraulic fracturing application. As to the separation of water and precipitates using sedimentation method, it showed the highest speed appeared when precipitation time was 5 mins. And the addition of flocculants cannot improve the sedimentation speed. In addition, SEM results showed the size of obtained precipitates was in nanometer range. Besides, XRD confirmed the composition of precipitates were barium sulfate with purity >90%. The characterization results demonstrated the precipitates could be used as additives in drilling fluid, which will greatly reduce the operation cost.\u0000 The work has revealed that barium sulfate precipitation method is promising to remove sulfate in seawater for hydraulic fracturing. Besides, the obtained barium sulfate is a commercially valuable product used in drilling fluid. Comparing to nanofiltration methods, this method is low cost and has no energy input requirement, which is suitable for a low carbon economy.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129190852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsurface Integrated Unconventional Reservoir Characterization - A Case Study of Diyab Carbonate Source Rock from Onshore Field, Abu Dhabi, UAE","authors":"Amena Alharthi, M. Baig, Hassan Al Marzooqi, Abdullah Al Hashmi, Pierre Van Laer, Trevor Brooks, A. Al Blooshi, Marco Coscia","doi":"10.2118/213277-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213277-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the demand for natural gas is increasing, the exploration and appraisal activities for unconventional gas resources is expanding and becoming significant to fulfill the global demand. These Unconventional resources are known to have complex geochemistry and rock physics. Understanding the complex nature of unconventional rocks is challenging and requires comprehensive integration with an advanced reservoir characterization approach. In this study, a comprehensive integrated rock characterization workflow was designed to understand the challenges and uncertainties associated with the Diyab Formation unconventional rocks.\u0000 More than 800 ft of unconventional cores were analyzed to characterize the Jurassic carbonate succession of Jubaila, Hanifa and Tuwaiq Mountain Formations through an integrated workflow. The workflow includes core and OH logs based initial rock classification through machine learning known as \"Heterogeneous Rock Analysis\" (HRA). Based on HRA, the samples selection for Unconventional and advanced Geomechanical core analysis was applied, followed by core data interpretation, core to logs integration and refining reservoir quality. Unconventional and advanced core analysis in this workflow include but not limited to following types, liquid TRA, TOC, HAWK, Vitrinite Reflectance (VR), Core-NMR T2, MICP, 2D/3D SEM, Dean Stark, XRD/XRF, Geomechanics (Brazil Tensile Strength, Unconfined Compression (UCS), Single (TXC) and Multi Stage Triaxial (MTXC), Multi-Stress Compression (MSC), Biot coefficient test), etc. Core analysis results were interpreted and integrated with the logs to better understand and characterize the unconventional reservoir qualities.\u0000 Sample selection was performed using all available data, to capture the variations in petrophysics as well as geomechanics and geochemistry, particularly organic matter content, and mineralogy within each identified petrophysical rock class. Core logs, plug analysis, and wireline data have been integrated and generally showed excellent agreement within the range of associated uncertainties, which can be attributed to rock tightness and resolution variations. Geochemistry (TOC, HAWK & VR) shows high concentration of kerogen, initially of type IIS but presently with low HI in which maturity reflects the dry gas window and possible condensate. Porosity ranges from 2.7% to 8% with a maximum reading reported from MICP data. The 2D & 3D SEM images provided some key findings, associated with different porosities either connected, isolated and/or organic matter porosity systems in given samples. These complex porosities systems cannot be captured by only conventional methods. The organic type of porosity is important as it provides further support to matrix porosity connectivity. Integrating this knowledge with logs, geochemistry, petrophysics and mineralogy helped to refine the initial characterized rock properties. In addition, the geomechanical understanding took the integration step fur","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130881839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting a Culture of Behavior-Based Safety (BBS)","authors":"Ali Altawal, Mohammed Arakzeh, Rami El-Ashi","doi":"10.2118/213250-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213250-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To increase the frequency of safe behavior and decrease the occurrence of at-risk behavior, behavior- based safety (BBS) focuses on identifying and providing interpersonal feedback for the critical behaviors that may cause or prevent injury. It also examines the factors that contribute to critical safety-related behaviors. Line-level employees have typically participated in BBS with assistance from the leadership. The identification, analysis, and improvement of essential safety-related behaviors among staff members at all organizational levels, from wage workers to supervisors and executives, constitutes a more comprehensive understanding of BBS. Moreover, unsafe acts and different types of factors that affect personality and could impact an employee's behavior and colleagues can influence an individual's personality, attitudes, and values.\u0000 The scope of this study is limited to the personality construct of extroversion. Extroverts have been shown to exhibit more positive attitudes toward safety, which may contribute to their increased risk-taking behavior. This study aims to analyze the relationship between extroversion, safety behaviors, and leadership levels as moderators of the relationship between context, performance, and safety behaviors among line employees.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130910371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frac Plug Evaluation to Improve Operations Efficiency","authors":"S. Baki, Abdullah Alzamil, Zeyad Habiballah, Emad Shariff, Abdulrahman Alowaid, Wafaa Alnakhli, H. Alshammari, Mohannad Mahfouz","doi":"10.2118/213262-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213262-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Success of the unconventional resources (UR) operations is improving the efficiency by minimizing cost without compromising production. Plug and perforation (PnP) method is widely applied practice for unconventional wells completion due to flexibility of stimulating targeted intervals. One of the key parameters for operations efficiency of stimulation activities is utilization of fit for purpose frac plug to run with wireline PnP, proper frac isolation, and increasing efficiency of coil tubing mill-out. This paper provides comprehensive evaluation and comparison of various frac plug selection, execution and evaluation as well as optimization considering improving efficiency at multi-stage frac operations.\u0000 To improve contact area with targeted formations, longer laterals are drilled and during milling operations, it can generate additional challenges to the milling efficiency due to decreasing weight on bit and potential lockups due extended laterals. There are various types of plugs in the market depending on the technical requirements of the operation such as composite, semi-dissolvable and fully dissolvable fracturing plugs. Therefore, the search to obtain the most optimum fit for purpose frac plug selection is critical with the objective of being milled with minimal weight on bit and low to no debris produced from milling activities. The application of a rigorous system for choosing frac plugs to be tested and implemented considers various well completion, formation, operational and technical parameters, while cross-referencing case studies and historical usage at different fields worldwide.\u0000 For the current study, more than twenty frac plugs were systematically evaluated based on technical requirements, and were implemented across more than 2,000 stages of UR stimulation applications and coil tubing (CT) millout operations. Additionally, the paper discusses about contingency plans with solutions during wireline pump down and coil tubing millout operations challenges and opportunities.\u0000 Fracturing plug manufacturers are continuously improving their frac plug technologies to meet customers demands of ease of use, applicability and functionality. Hence, the introduction and development of semi or fully dissolvable plugs. This paper highlights a full cycle of process for qualifying fracturing plugs for fit-for-purpose applications.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Tracer-Based Technologies for Production Profiling in a Hydraulic Fracture to Optimise the Hydraulic Fracturing Design","authors":"Vishwajit Upadhye, E. Malyavko, D. Kashapov","doi":"10.2118/213270-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/213270-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The tracer-based surveillance technology can be used in hydraulic fractures to perform production profiling surveillance continuously for several years without the need for expensive and operationally risky interventions. The paper deals with the case of placing tracer coated marked proppant with different signatures in each hydraulic fracturing stage. In particular, it dwells on the experience of placing different signatures of tracer coated marked proppant within one port to evaluate the production dynamics of the far and near zones of a hydraulic fracture. The paper also offers methods for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing design to increase the hydraulic fracture production period and the cumulative production.","PeriodicalId":249245,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, February 20, 2023","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117201990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}