The Open Hydrology Journal最新文献_第2页

Separation of Stormflow Hydrographs in Surface and Subsurface Flow by Perceptual Based Modelling of Channel Inflow Components 基于通道入流分量感知模型的地表和地下风暴流线分离

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2013-08-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874378120130626001

M. Johst, M. Casper, C. Müller, R. Schneider

{"title":"Separation of Stormflow Hydrographs in Surface and Subsurface Flow by Perceptual Based Modelling of Channel Inflow Components","authors":"M. Johst, M. Casper, C. Müller, R. Schneider","doi":"10.2174/1874378120130626001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378120130626001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this case study was to determine the origin of stormflow runoff in a 31 ha headwater basin in Western Germany. Therefore, the contribution of infiltration excess and saturation overland flow as well as matrix and preferential flow has been assessed along a deeply incised channel of 300 m length. Measurable parameters and simple al- gorithms were used to assess the flow rate of the different runoff components. Only the scaling parameter cf that repre- sents converging flow processes and controls the actual height of the saturated zone along the channel incision has been calibrated. The results showed that during wet conditions the subsurface flow rates exceed the surface flow rates tremen- dously. In contrast, for the short but intense summer storm the hydrograph consists solely of surface runoff components. Obviously, the parameter cf accounts for the pre-event condition of the catchment. This leads to the conclusion, that the extension of the contributing subsurface space mainly governs stormflow processes. Further investigations shall focus on the relationship between subsurface flow processes and the lateral and vertical extension of the saturated zone.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127222264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prediction of Transmission Losses in Ephemeral Streams, Western U.S.A.~!2009-08-27~!2009-10-09~!2010-03-16~! 美国西部短时流传输损耗的预测

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2013-01-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101004010019

J. Cataldo, C. Behr, F. Montalto, R. Pierce

{"title":"Prediction of Transmission Losses in Ephemeral Streams, Western U.S.A.~!2009-08-27~!2009-10-09~!2010-03-16~!","authors":"J. Cataldo, C. Behr, F. Montalto, R. Pierce","doi":"10.2174/1874378101004010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101004010019","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission losses (TL) are complicated phenomena that characterize the processes of evapotranspiration and infiltration as water moves down a stream. This analysis focuses on transmission losses that occur within the stream and can be computed with data from tandem stream gauges. Data from Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW), in southeast Arizona, are the primary source. The WGEW is a typical watershed in the region where a network of alluvium- filled stream represents a range of widths and slopes. TL results were compared with those from other U.S. streams as re- ported in several published papers. TL per kilometer (TL/km) were calculated by dividing the difference between flow volumes at the upstream and downstream gages by the distance between gages. Only storms that occurred above the up- stream gage were considered. TL/km for several storms and stream reaches were plotted against the inflow volume and peak inflow discharge and a consistent pattern emerged. These plots yielded parameterized equations that were used to compare published TL for Queen Creek, AZ and several Plains States streams. The sediment characteristics of the streams were also incorporated into the model by using their hydraulic conductivity. The objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid method requiring only a minimum of pre-existing data to determine transmission losses in ephemeral streams in arid climates that can be used easily by regulators and planners. Furthermore, the models can contribute to the determination of \"significant nexus\" of the US Clean Water Act (CWA), Section 404 jurisdiction.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122612635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Potentialities of Water Resources Pollution of the Nile River Delta, Egypt 埃及尼罗河三角洲水资源污染潜力分析

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2013-01-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101004010001

H. Elewa

{"title":"Potentialities of Water Resources Pollution of the Nile River Delta, Egypt","authors":"H. Elewa","doi":"10.2174/1874378101004010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101004010001","url":null,"abstract":"The population growth, economic development with the consequent anthropogenic activities at the Nile Delta of Egypt addresses the present-day hydro-environmental status and quality deterioration trends of surface Nile River water. The hydrochemical fingerprints of surface waters revealed the effects of points and non-points sources of pollution. The relative low Cl and SO4 2in Nile water of Damietta and Rosetta branches precludes subjacent sources of polluted water. Mixing of surface Nile waters with other drainage polluted ones was revealed by Ludwig-Langelier and Piper diagrams, where there is a general tendency towards no-dominant water type’s regime in the Nile River branches with a certain modification in the hydrochemical facies of the drains waters. This modification is due to their pollution by point and non-point sources. The general tendency of water quality deterioration is generally towards the north. The pattern given by the multivariate statistical clustering technique for water quality discrimination indicated that the chief pollution sources prevalent had some commonality, which reveals similar phenomena of mixing and deterioration pattern, as the water, in general, is coming from one source (Nile River), which was subsequently modified by the natural and anthropogenic activities. The picture with respect to the nature of existing pollutants revealed the tendency of areas associated with parameters like the anthropogenic activities are getting widespread (not concentrated) over the whole area of study. Key Wards: Nile Delta, Egypt, Water Resources, Groundwater Aquifers, Water Quality, Heavy Metals, Water Contamination.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125067739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Study of the Flocculated Particles Sedimentation Assisted by Microcomputer 微机辅助絮凝颗粒沉降研究

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2013-01-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101004010014

D. Benouali, S. Kacha, S. Kherici, N. Benabadji

引用次数: 2

Reliability of Inversely Reconstructed Soil Moisture Profiles and Consequences for Field Applications 反演土壤水分剖面的可靠性及其对田间应用的影响

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2013-01-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101004010035

M. Johst, M. Casper, S. Schlaeger

{"title":"Reliability of Inversely Reconstructed Soil Moisture Profiles and Consequences for Field Applications","authors":"M. Johst, M. Casper, S. Schlaeger","doi":"10.2174/1874378101004010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101004010035","url":null,"abstract":"The so called Spatial-TDR system allows a monitoring of transient soil moisture profiles. Using a fast inversion algorithm it is possible to reconstruct the electrical properties along a probe in homogenous materials. To evaluate the ap- plicability of the Spatial-TDR under field conditions different laboratory experiments were carried out in this study. The measurements were made with 60 cm long three-rod probes. A changing water table has been simulated in soil columns filled with homogeneous and layered silt and sand. Besides the impact of the soil heterogeneity the effect of a changed probe geometry and an air gap along the probe were investigated. For straight probes with good soil contact the reconstructed soil moisture values were very reliable for the homogeneous and layered soil profile. However, the reconstruction algorithm does not cope with discrete changes of impedance along the probe resulting in strong oscillations in the reconstructed moisture profiles. The failure is due to the rather flat edge of the TDR input signal and can not be detected by the optimization approach yet. Discrete changes of the impedance lead to an increasing oscillation of the capacitance that nevertheless give a very good simulation of the TDR waveform. Alto- gether, the Spatial-TDR measurement system may be very useful to capture temporal and spatial soil moisture dynamics down to 50 cm depth. The main advantages are the high temporal and spatial resolution. However, it requires further de- velopment if one wants to capture accurate absolute soil moisture values.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Impact of Agricultural Water Conservation Policy on Economic Growth 农业节水政策对经济增长的影响

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2012-11-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101206010112

A. Benson

{"title":"The Impact of Agricultural Water Conservation Policy on Economic Growth","authors":"A. Benson","doi":"10.2174/1874378101206010112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101206010112","url":null,"abstract":"An agricultural water conservation policy prevalent worldwide encourages producers to improve on-farm irri- gation efficiency. Contrary to intention, increasing empirical evidence reveals that this policy may set an 'irrigation effi- ciency trap' that worsens water crises by reducing water supplies and jeopardizing economic growth. We derive a pair of testable hydrologic-economic conditions required for the sustained existence of the trap. We do so by modeling an agro- industrial economy patterned after a region (Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho, USA) that has fallen into the trap. An agri- cultural sector withdraws water to irrigate crops, and the difference between water withdrawals and the amount consumed by crops (return flow) recharges water supplies used in industrial production. The conditions require that: (1) The rate of return of water in industrial production outweighs the rate of return of water withdrawn to food production; and (2) An inequality relating the elasticities of food production with respect to irrigation withdrawals and irrigation efficiency hold in a particular direction. If empirical testing of these conditions provides evidence of the sustained existence of the irriga- tion efficiency trap in a given region, policy-makers are well-advised to target more potentially effective agricultural wa- ter conservation measures such as reducing irrigated acreage, switching to crops requiring less water, or irrigating current crops at a deficit.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125736289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Natural Hazard Risk Management: a Multidisciplinary Approach to Define a Decision Support System for Shallow Rainfall-Induced Landslides 自然灾害风险管理:定义浅层降雨诱发滑坡决策支持系统的多学科方法

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2012-11-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101206010097

N. Netti, E. Damiano, R. Greco, L. Olivares, V. Savastano, P. Mercogliano

{"title":"Natural Hazard Risk Management: a Multidisciplinary Approach to Define a Decision Support System for Shallow Rainfall-Induced Landslides","authors":"N. Netti, E. Damiano, R. Greco, L. Olivares, V. Savastano, P. Mercogliano","doi":"10.2174/1874378101206010097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101206010097","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a Multidisciplinary Decision Support System (MDSS) to analyse rainfall-induced shallow flowslides on steep slopes covered by pyroclastic deposits. This system proposes an approach to provide technical infor- mation to the agencies responsible for civil protection and land management about the link between forecasted rainfall and the effects in terms of infiltration, slope stability, vulnerability and mitigation policy. This approach was developed at the Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change (CMCC) (meteorological aspects), at the Department of Civil Engineer- ing of the Second University of Naples (hydrological and geotechnical aspects) and at the Department of Economics of the University of Naples \"Federico II\" (socio-economic aspects). It has been designed as a multidisciplinary approach which simultaneously addresses the issues from different points of view, providing a comparison and integration of the different skills. The potentiality of this approach is presented for the case of the flowslide of Cervinara (Southern Italy).","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Effects of Changes in Irrigation and Land Use on Streamflow in the Revuelto Creek Watershed, a Tributary of the Canadian River in New Mexico, USA 美国新墨西哥州加拿大河支流Revuelto Creek流域灌溉和土地利用变化对河流流量的影响

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2012-11-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101206010088

D. Brauer, D. C. Gitz

{"title":"Effects of Changes in Irrigation and Land Use on Streamflow in the Revuelto Creek Watershed, a Tributary of the Canadian River in New Mexico, USA","authors":"D. Brauer, D. C. Gitz","doi":"10.2174/1874378101206010088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101206010088","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive development in the Canadian River watershed in New Mexico and Texas occurred in the 20 th century to supply water for irrigation, and municipal and industrial uses. In recent years (2000-2009), these infrastructures have not been able to supply sufficient water to meet demands. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of changes in irrigation allotments and land use to the Arch Hurley Conservancy District on streamflow out of Revuelto Creek, a tributary of the Canadian River in eastern New Mexico, USA. Outflow from Revuelto Creek varied considerably from 1961 to 2009. The best predictor of annual outflow was a two-component linear model with terms for annual precipitation and the annual irrigation allotment to the Arch Hurley Conservancy District. ArcSWAT (GIS extension of the Soil Water Assessment Tool) simulated outflow from Revuelto Creek best when historical values for irrigation allotments were used in the management operations for cropland. These results indicate that annual irrigation allotments of approximately 123,000,000 m 3 increased outflow from the creek by approximately 25,000,000 m 3 . Years in which the irrigation allot- ments to the district exceeded 100,000,000 m 3 corresponded to years in which water was released from Ute Lake. These results suggest that managers of Lake Meredith need to take into account water availability upstream of Ute Dam when devising plans for Lake Meredith.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125138943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Hydrological Response of Watershed Systems to Land Use/Cover Change. A Case of Wami River Basin 流域系统对土地利用/覆被变化的水文响应以瓦米河流域为例

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2012-10-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101206010078

J. Nobert, Jiben Jeremiah

{"title":"Hydrological Response of Watershed Systems to Land Use/Cover Change. A Case of Wami River Basin","authors":"J. Nobert, Jiben Jeremiah","doi":"10.2174/1874378101206010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874378101206010078","url":null,"abstract":"Wami river basin experiences a lot of human disturbances due to agricultural expansion, and increasing urban demand for charcoal, fuel wood and timber; resulting in forest and land degradation. Comparatively little is known about factors that affect runoff behaviour and their relation to landuse in data poor catchments like Wami. This study was con- ducted to assess the hydrological response of land use/cover change on Wami River flows. In data poor catchments, a promising way to include landuse change is by integrating Remote Sensing and semi-distributed rainfall-runoff models. Therefore in this study SWAT model was selected because it applies semi-distributed model domain. Spatial data (lan- duse, soil and DEM-90m) and Climatic data used were obtained from Water Resources Engineering Department, govern- ment offices and from the global data set. SWAT model was used to simulate streamflow for landuse/landcover for the year 1987 and 2000 to determine the impact of land use/cover change on Wami streamflow after calibrating and validating with the observed flows. Land use maps of 1987 and 2000 were derived from satellite images using ERDAS Imagine 9.1 software and verified by using 1995 land use which was obtained from Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA). Findings show that there is decrease of Forest area by 1.4%, a 3.2% increase in Agricultural area, 2.2% increase in Urban and 0.48% decreases in Waterbody area between 1987 and 2000. The results from SWAT model simulation showed that the average river flows has decreased from 166.3 mm in 1987 to 165.3 mm in 2000. The surface runoff has increased from 59.4mm (35.7%) in 1987 to 65.9mm (39.9%) in 2000 and the base flow decreased from 106.8mm (64.3%) to 99.4mm (60.1%) in 1987 and 2000 respectively. This entails that the increase of surface runoff and decrease of base flows are as- sociated with the land use change.","PeriodicalId":247243,"journal":{"name":"The Open Hydrology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

SPECIAL ISSUE PREFACE - “Groundwater Resources Management in Coastal Regions” 特刊前言-“沿海地区地下水资源管理”

The Open Hydrology Journal Pub Date : 2012-09-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874378101206010023

A. Kallioras, F. Pliakas, C. Schüth

引用次数: 0