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Electro-optic Polymer Waveguide Devices - Materials, Fabrication, and Applications 电光聚合物波导器件-材料、制造和应用
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1995.wa.1
W. Steier
{"title":"Electro-optic Polymer Waveguide Devices - Materials, Fabrication, and Applications","authors":"W. Steier","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1995.wa.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.wa.1","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation will include a discussion of three of the promising areas where electro-optic polymers have unique advantages (i) high bandwidth traveling wave external optical modulators operating at millimeter wave frequencies (>30 GHz), (ii) monolithic integration of EO polymers with VLSI electronics for high speed opto-electronics, and (iii) photonic sensing and measuring, without metal electrodes, of electro-magnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114963429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integration of Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Polymer Waveguides with Indium Gallium Arsenide p-i-n Photodiodes 非线性光学聚合物波导与砷化铟镓p-i-n光电二极管的集成
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1995.wb.1
J. Cites, P. Ashley, R. Leavitt
{"title":"Integration of Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Polymer Waveguides with Indium Gallium Arsenide p-i-n Photodiodes","authors":"J. Cites, P. Ashley, R. Leavitt","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1995.wb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.wb.1","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of optoelectronic functions on a common substrate can offer significant advantages in terms of size, weight, cost, and performance over traditional hybrid approaches. Given the advantages of NLO polymers over other material systems for integrated photonics applications (flexible fabrication, low dielectric constant, etc.)1,2, it is advantageous to develop a processing technology for the integration of polymer waveguide devices on an active semiconductor substrate. The approach reported here allows for optimization of the semiconductor for source, detector, and electronic circuit functions, while relying on a flexible, multilayered spin-cast fabrication technology for passive waveguide and electro-optic modulator functions. Among those applications which may benefit from this integration are sensors such as the fiber optic gyroscope3. Reported here is the integration of NLO polymer waveguides with InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes on an InP substrate for operation at 1.3 μm, with special emphasis placed on the use of existing low-cost, low-risk fabrication processes.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Progress Toward Practical Polymer Electro-Optic Devices 实用聚合物电光器件的进展
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1995.wa.2
S. Ermer, W. Anderson, T. V. Van Eck, D. Girton, J. Marley, A. Harwit, S. M. Lovejoy, D. S. Leung
{"title":"Progress Toward Practical Polymer Electro-Optic Devices","authors":"S. Ermer, W. Anderson, T. V. Van Eck, D. Girton, J. Marley, A. Harwit, S. M. Lovejoy, D. S. Leung","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1995.wa.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.wa.2","url":null,"abstract":"High speed analog and digital switching has been demonstrated in a polymer Mach-Zehnder modulator with a voltage-length product of 13 V-cm. Materials and process optimization will enhance this performance. Anisotropic V-groove etching for fiber attachment provides a path to low-cost packaging of these improved devices.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124668760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Electro-Optic Modulators Containing a Polymeric Film 含聚合物薄膜的不对称法布里-珀罗电光调制器
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1993.fd.2
C. Wang, A. Lloyd, B. Wherrett, D. Bone, T. G. Harvey, T. Ryan, N. Carter
{"title":"Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Electro-Optic Modulators Containing a Polymeric Film","authors":"C. Wang, A. Lloyd, B. Wherrett, D. Bone, T. G. Harvey, T. Ryan, N. Carter","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1993.fd.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.fd.2","url":null,"abstract":"Many organic polymeric materials have been developed that possess electro-optic coefficients exceeding that of LiNbO3 [1]. These materials lend themselves to incorporation within Fabry-Perot structures to form an electro-optic modulator [2], with potential for high modulation speeds and a wide range of commercially viable applications which are enabled by their ease of processing.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128754750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Linear and Nonlinear Spectroscopy of β-Carotene and Other Oligo-polyenes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies β-胡萝卜素和其他低聚多烯的线性和非线性光谱:实验和理论研究
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1995.mc.1
F. Rohlfing, D. Bradley, J. Cornil, D. Beljonne, J. Brédas, A. Eberhardt, K. Müllen
{"title":"Linear and Nonlinear Spectroscopy of β-Carotene and Other Oligo-polyenes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies","authors":"F. Rohlfing, D. Bradley, J. Cornil, D. Beljonne, J. Brédas, A. Eberhardt, K. Müllen","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1995.mc.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.mc.1","url":null,"abstract":"We report studies of linear- and electro-absorption spectra which allow new insights into the electronic structure of polyenes and their nonlinear response.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Nonlinear Optical Chromophores 非线性光学发色团的实验与理论研究
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1995.tud.1
M. Ahlheim, J. Brédas, M. Barzoukas, P. Bedworth, Y. Cai, C. Dehu, M. Blanchard-Desce, A. Fort, Z. Hu, A. Jen, S. Marder, F. Meyers, J. Perry, C. Runser, M. Staehelin, B. Zysset
{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Nonlinear Optical Chromophores","authors":"M. Ahlheim, J. Brédas, M. Barzoukas, P. Bedworth, Y. Cai, C. Dehu, M. Blanchard-Desce, A. Fort, Z. Hu, A. Jen, S. Marder, F. Meyers, J. Perry, C. Runser, M. Staehelin, B. Zysset","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1995.tud.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.tud.1","url":null,"abstract":"We have described how the first hyperpolarizability, β, varies as a function of ground-state polarization and bond length alternation, BLA.1 Previously, our predictions of this relationship were derived by examining an prototypical push-pull polyene under the presence of static homogenous electric field.1 In order to develop a more realistic understanding of how real molecules behave in solution, we have now examined both p-nitroaniline and the push-pull polyene 1,1-dicyano-6-dibutylamino-hexatriene at the Hartree Fock ab initio level on the basis of an expanded Self Consistent Reaction-Field approach to simulate solvents with dielectric constants up to 37.5. The calculations were carried out using both spherical and elliptical cavities and taking into account multipole interactions up to 26 poles. Predictions were compared to Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) results determined by Persoons et al. As had been shown earlier,2 the second-order NLO response of 1,1-dicyano-6-dibutylamino-hexatriene exhibits a peak as a function of solvent polarity, which was confirmed by the HRS measurements. Interestingly, we found that this peaked behavior of β as a function of solvent dielectric constant was predicted only when an elliptical cavity and the up to l = 6 pole contributions were taken into account, but was not observed when the calculations employed either an elliptical cavity and a dipole (l = 1) approximation, or a spherical cavity with up to l = 6 pole contributions. These results suggest that it is possible to model the geometric and electronic structure of polarizable molecules using a Self Consistent Reaction-Field approach, but it is necessary to build into the calculations mechanisms to account for the subtleties of the molecular charge distributions, not taken into account within a simple dipole approximation.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129123797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Synthesis of Soluble Thermally Stable Nonlinear Optical Chromophores Based on the Dicyanomethylenepyran Moiety 基于二氰甲酰基基团的可溶性热稳定非线性光学发色团的设计与合成
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1995.tud.5
S. M. Lovejoy, S. Ermer, D. S. Leung, C. Dirk, Priya Kalamegham, Lixia Zhang, C. R. Moylan
{"title":"Design and Synthesis of Soluble Thermally Stable Nonlinear Optical Chromophores Based on the Dicyanomethylenepyran Moiety","authors":"S. M. Lovejoy, S. Ermer, D. S. Leung, C. Dirk, Priya Kalamegham, Lixia Zhang, C. R. Moylan","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1995.tud.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.tud.5","url":null,"abstract":"For several years we have been developing polyimide-based electro-optic materials based on commercially available components. In 1992, we described a proof-of-principle all-polyimide triple stack Mach-Zehnder modulator using DCM (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-di-methylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran) in Amoco Ultradei 3112 polyimide as the active core layer with Amoco Ultradei 4212 polyimide cladding layers.1 During the course of our work we found that some commercial preparations of DCM contained a significant amount of a less soluble, more thermally stable impurity which we identified as the bis condensation product arising from the synthesis of DCM itself.2 This impurity, DAD, and several analogs were synthesized, and their physical and NLO properties were investigated.3 Figure 1 shows the synthetic scheme used for their preparation.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130955655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbazole Main-Chain Polymers with Di-Acceptor-Substituents for Nonlinear Optics 非线性光学用二受体取代咔唑主链聚合物
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.8
Yadong Zhang, Liming Wang, T. Wada, H. Sasabe
{"title":"Carbazole Main-Chain Polymers with Di-Acceptor-Substituents for Nonlinear Optics","authors":"Yadong Zhang, Liming Wang, T. Wada, H. Sasabe","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.8","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have been studied extensively in recent years for applications in electrooptic devices [1,2]. There are three types of polymer materials developed for this purpose: guest-host systems [3], side-chain polymers [4-6], and main-chain polymers [7-9]. The second-order NLO effects of these materials were demonstrated after electric poling above the polymer glass transition temperature (Tg). While many guest-host and side-chain NLO polymers have been developed, relatively few main-chain polymers have been prepared. Most of the main-chain polymers reported are heat-to tail; namely, all the Chromophore dipole moments point in the same direction along the polymer main chain.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast Photorefractive Response in a Polymeric Composite Film: Kinetics of PVK/C60/DEANST System 聚合物复合膜中的快速光折变响应:PVK/C60/DEANST体系动力学
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1993.thc.2
M. Orczyk, J. Zieba, P. Prasad
{"title":"Fast Photorefractive Response in a Polymeric Composite Film: Kinetics of PVK/C60/DEANST System","authors":"M. Orczyk, J. Zieba, P. Prasad","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1993.thc.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.thc.2","url":null,"abstract":"Since their discovery, photorefractive materials remain in the focus of photonic research1 Photorefractive behavior has been shown to manifest itself in a wide variety of device-utilizable effects. This feature is anticipated to make photorefractive materials very important to photonic technology. These materials will find practical utility only when they are easier to process, their high electrooptic coefficients are not accompanied by high polarizability, and the tradeoff between the speed and the dynamics of the response is overcome. These are also the main limitations of the well studied photorefractive inorganic crystals! Photorefractivity has been demonstrated recently also in polymeric films.2,3 These materials offer an unique opportunity of addressing separately the limitations of inorganics mentioned above by the molecular design of a polymeric composite film.3,4 Diffraction efficiencies close to 2% and two-beam coupling gain of 4 cm-1 have already been here successfully achieved in our laboratory.4,5","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121536099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Composite Molecular Films From Cyanine Dye Single Crystals Grown On Lipid Monolayers 在脂质单层上生长菁染料单晶的复合分子膜
Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.19
V. Tsukruk, A. Liebmann, Foster, D. Reneker, V. Bliznyuk, S. Kirstein, H. Möhwald
{"title":"Composite Molecular Films From Cyanine Dye Single Crystals Grown On Lipid Monolayers","authors":"V. Tsukruk, A. Liebmann, Foster, D. Reneker, V. Bliznyuk, S. Kirstein, H. Möhwald","doi":"10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.wd.19","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanine dyes can be used for formation of composite molecular Langmuir- Blodgett (LB) films with interesting photosensitive properties and prospects of non-linear optical applications1. For water-soluble cyanine dye molecules the possibility of epitaxial single crystal growth by adsorption of dye molecules onto the surface of oppositely charged lipid monolayers was demonstrated recently2. X-ray analysis, electron diffraction and fluorescence microscopy give information about unit cell parameters, average thickness of these composite LB films, and their morphology on a micron scale2,3 Data about surface morphology and roughness on a submicron scale and details of the molecular packing in these films have not yet been obtained. Here we discuss the results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quantitative X-ray reflectivity studies of the molecular structures of these composite molecular films.","PeriodicalId":246676,"journal":{"name":"Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121609505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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