{"title":"A scalable NoC topology targeting network performance","authors":"Avik Bose, P. Ghosal","doi":"10.1145/3477231.3490428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477231.3490428","url":null,"abstract":"Scalability, path diversity, and bisection-width are the primary design concerns that significantly affect the NoC performance. The present work proposes an NoC topology taking into account the above design considerations. Rigorous experimentation is done with prevalent counterparts like mesh, torus, flattened-butterfly, butterfly-fat-tree, etc. Low network diameter and sufficient path diversity come up with a minimum of 38% latency improvement among all the cases. A minimum of 5% throughput yield is also found because of relatively high bisection width. Optimized interconnect length makes the design flexible to scale with the increasing network size. Relatively lower router radix brings down the average power consumption of the routers significantly than the existing topologies. A minimum of 27% gain on average router energy is found.","PeriodicalId":246229,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124768412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela Gonzalez Mariño, F. Fons, Haigang Zhang, J. M. Aróstegui
{"title":"Loopback strategy for in-vehicle network processing in automotive gateway network on chip","authors":"Angela Gonzalez Mariño, F. Fons, Haigang Zhang, J. M. Aróstegui","doi":"10.1145/3477231.3490429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477231.3490429","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, authors introduce an innovative loopback strategy for In-Vehicle Network (IVN) processing in automotive gateway (GW) Network on Chip. The new proposed architecture is fully HW centric, and allows performing any IVN processing algorithms without intervention from the CPU. In essence, the loopback strategy allows for adapting the number of stages in the pipeline of the processing stage by betting on the centralization of the processing resources and recirculating frames from output to input when further stages are needed. It permits even to select to which stage to send them depending on the processing required, optimizing thus the number of stages traversed by frames and consequently reducing latency. The processing unit is built as a stack of parallel tasks with the required interconnection resources that allow performing any processing over any frame, and to handle several frames in parallel. With this architecture, the GW data path is fully adaptable per frame, optimizing latency and Quality of Service, allowing for fulfilling the high demanding requirements of future IVNs.","PeriodicalId":246229,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114464235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rettkowski, Julian Haase, Sven Primus, M. Hübner, D. Göhringer
{"title":"Performance analysis of application-specific instruction-set routers in networks-on-chip","authors":"J. Rettkowski, Julian Haase, Sven Primus, M. Hübner, D. Göhringer","doi":"10.1145/3477231.3490426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477231.3490426","url":null,"abstract":"Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a well-known communication infrastructure to design large scalable MPSoCs. Data transfers in NoCs can take up a significant part of a parallel application. To avoid that the communication costs decelerate the system performance, application-specific instruction-set routers (ASIRs) can be used. ASIRs combine data transfers with application-specific processing by adding high-level synthesized processing units to routers. This work explores the performance of ASIR-based MPSoCs. Moreover, an ASIR-based MPSoC that sonifies a distance profile measured by a LIDAR sensor on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 is developed. Besides the impact of external sensors, the evaluation results show that the speedup of a single task can be significantly increased up to a factor of 5x.","PeriodicalId":246229,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130461977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Humam Khan, Ruchika Gupta, John Jose, Sukumar Nandi
{"title":"Dead flit attack on NoC by hardware trojan and its impact analysis","authors":"Mohammad Humam Khan, Ruchika Gupta, John Jose, Sukumar Nandi","doi":"10.1145/3477231.3490425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477231.3490425","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement in VLSI technology, Tiled Chip Multicore Processors (TCMPs) with packet switched Network-on-Chip (NoC) have emerged as the most popular design choice for compute and data intensive embedded and parallel systems. Tight time-to-market constraints and budget limitations have forced the designers to explore the possibilities of using several third party Intellectual Property (IP) cores. Use of such unsecured inexpensive third party IPs may pose severe security challenges that are not detected at manufacturing and testing phases. Recent research shows that manipulation of the NoC packet content by Hardware Trojan (HT) has the potential to disrupt the on-chip communication resulting in application level stalling. We model a novel HT that alters the common prefix field of NoC packets leading to the creation of dead flits in router buffers. We introduce two variants of this proposed HT: one that modifies head flit to body flit and another one that modifies the body flit to head flit. We analyze the HT impact at core level, cache level, and NoC level. The experimental analysis on a 16-core TCMP demonstrates that the proposed HT significantly reduces IPC, increases the average cache miss penalty, and increases the average buffer occupancy of selected packets in NoC.","PeriodicalId":246229,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115956124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning for design and optimization challenges in multi/many-core network-on-chip","authors":"Md Farhadur Reza","doi":"10.1145/3477231.3490427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477231.3490427","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the advancement of transistor technology, a single chip processor can now have hundreds of cores. Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been the superior interconnect fabric for multi/many-core on-chip systems because of its scalability and parallelism. Due to the rise of dark silicon with the end of Dennard Scaling, it becomes essential to design energy-efficient, high performance, and reliable heterogeneous many-core NoC based systems. Because of the large and complex design space, multi/many-core NoC design space becomes difficult to explore for optimal trade-offs of energy-performance-reliability at both design-time and run-time. Furthermore, reactive resource management is not effective in preventing problems, such as creating thermal hotspots and exceeding power budget, from happening in adaptive system. Therefore, in this work, we explore machine learning techniques to design and configure the NoC resources in many-core systems based on the learning of the system and applications workloads. Machine learning can automatically learn from past experiences and guide the many-core system intelligently to achieve its objective on performance, power, and reliability. We have presented many-core NoC based systems design and resource management challenges, and explore and propose machine learning models to uncover near-optimal solutions quickly. Simulation results have been demonstrated to show the effectiveness of a machine learning technique.","PeriodicalId":246229,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114500845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}