Journal of Photocatalysis最新文献

{"title":"Superoxide Ion-Assisted Radical Cascade Reaction: Synthesis of\u00003-Nitro-4-Aryl-2H-Chromen-2-Ones from Aryl Alkynoate Esters under\u0000Methylene Blue Visible Light Photocatalysis","authors":"P. Natarajan, Meena, Partigya","doi":"10.2174/012665976x295034240529130434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012665976x295034240529130434","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000From an industries and academic perspective, there is a need for a method\u0000for producing 3-nitro-4-aryl-2H-chromen-2-ones from aryl alkynoate esters that is both economic\u0000and environmental benign. In this context, superoxide ion-assisted radical cascade reaction can be\u0000an efficient and greener protocol.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Herein, we have demonstrated an unprecedented methylene blue (MB) visible light photocatalysis\u0000for the production of a series of 3-nitro-4-aryl-2H-chromen-2-ones from readily available\u0000aryl alkynoate esters and a nitrating agent in solution.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Synthesis of 3-nitro-4-aryl-2H-chromen-2-ones has been performed in the presence of\u0000aryl alkynoate ester, TBAN, DIPEA, solvent, catalyst and molecular oxygen under visible light irradiation\u0000at room temperature. The products were purified by column chromatography using silica\u0000gel, and the mixture of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether as an eluting solvent and characterized by IR,\u0000NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A series of aryl alkynoate esters were successfully nitrated into corresponding 3-nitro-4-\u0000aryl-2H-chromen-2-ones with good isolated yields by this protocol, in which the key NO2-radicals\u0000formed by the action of superoxide ion (O2−·).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In contrast to the literature-reported methods of synthesis of 3-nitro-4-aryl-2Hchromen-\u00002-ones, the process described here for making 3-nitro-4-aryl-2H-chromen-2-ones uses\u0000methylene blue visible light photocatalysis, is inexpensive, mild, does not require a metal precursor\u0000or high temperatures, and is successful when using the direct sunlight.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"28 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasible Synthesis of C Fibers@C-MoO2+x Submicro-particles Core-shell\u0000Composite for Highly Efficient Solar-driven Photocatalyst","authors":"Yan Chen, Meng Wang, Zhijian Peng, Xiuli Fu","doi":"10.2174/012665976x288652240106123813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012665976x288652240106123813","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is attractive due to its applications in optical,\u0000electrical, and new energy fields. However, due to the poor conductivity, pure MoO2 possesses\u0000inferior photocatalytic activity because of the strong recombination between photogenerated electrons\u0000and holes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000One of the methods to overcome this shortage is to enable nanostructured MoO2 to be\u0000composited with highly conductive materials like carbon fibers. Herein, we fabricate an interesting\u0000C fibers@C-MoO2+x nanoparticle core-shell composite by heat treating Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)\u0000fibers covered with PAN and MoO3 powder in Ar gas, in which the PAN carbonize into conductive\u0000carbon in a heating process and meanwhile, the emitting reducing gases in-situ transform MoO3 to\u0000conducting MoO2+x submicron-particles. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the photocatalytic\u0000removal rate for rhodamine B, phenol, and K2Cr2O7 on such composite are 11.28, 5.15, and 6.19\u0000times those on commercial MoO2 powder, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prepared composite presents excellent photocatalytic performance and outstanding stability\u0000for degrading various environmental pollutants in water, which will be a good solar-driven\u0000photocatalyst candidate for the degradation of toxic chemicals in industrial wastewater for environmental\u0000remediation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Furthermore, this simple preparation strategy represents an easily operated, low-cost,\u0000and environmentally friendly solution for industrial production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"46 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Analysis of Solvent Effect in the Photocatalytic, Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol over P25","authors":"Nosiabeh Nosrati-Ghods, Nicholas S. Featherstone, E. van Steen","doi":"10.2174/012665976x272707231206063253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/012665976x272707231206063253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Photocatalysis is of particular importance in the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes to increase the conversion of benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde at high selectivity, which could be useful for the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The oxidation of benzyl alcohol over P25 was investigated in various solvents (water, benzotrifluoride, toluene and acetonitrile).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These deposits were characterized using TGA and FTIR and could resemble polymers of the hydrated form of benzyl alcohol. UV-Vis was used to find the absorbance of light in various solvents over 190-1100 nm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the presence of light, the reaction was very selective for the formation of benzaldehyde (e.g., 99% selectivity at 53% conversion using acetonitrile as a solvent), whereas, in the absence of light, the formation of higher molecular weight products was observed (e.g., 22% selectivity at 1.7% conversion using acetonitrile as a solvent). It was observed that the activity in the absence of oxygen was initially high, but it dropped rapidly from initially 0.4 to 0 mmol g-1 h-1 after 2-4 h (using acetonitrile as a solvent). This was attributed to the activity of the few oxidized sites present on P25.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Acetonitrile appears to be the most effective solvent, as it seems to interact least with the catalytically active sites. The photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol over P25 does not only yield products in the solution, but also deposits on the surface. The deposits can be removed in an oxidative environment or an inert environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on oxygen-deficient titanium oxide for photocatalytic hydrogen production","authors":"Yan Chen, X. Fu, Zhijian Peng","doi":"10.2174/2665976x03666220902122007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x03666220902122007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Photocatalytic technology based on specific band structure of semiconductors offers a promising way to solve the urgent energy and environmental issues in modern society. In particular, hydrogen production from water splitting over semiconductor photocatalysts attracts great attention owing to the clean source and application of energy, which highly depends on the performance of photocatalysts. Among the various photocatalysts, TiO2 has been intensively investigated and used extensively due to its outstanding photocatalytic activity, high chemical stability, non-toxicity and low cost. However, pure TiO2 has a wide band gap of approximately 3.2 eV, which limits its photocatalytic activity for water splitting to generate hydrogen only under ultraviolet light, excluding most of the inexhaustible sunlight for human beings. Fortunately, the band gap of semiconductors can be manipulated, in which introducing oxygen defects is one of the most effective measures to narrow the band gap of titanium oxides. This review starts out by the fundamentals of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production over TiO2, discusses the latest progress in this field, and summarizes the various methods and strategies to induce oxygen defects in TiO2 crystals. Then, the next section outlines the modification approaches of oxygen-deficient titanium oxide (TiO2-δ) to further improve its photocatalytic performance. Finally, a brief summary and outlook of the researches on TiO2-δ photocatalysts for water splitting to produce hydrogen were presented.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125080257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Modifying TiO2 with Lanthanides on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin, a Hydrophobic Compound.","authors":"Omri Toker, J. Krýsa, Y. Paz","doi":"10.2174/2665976x03666220704120857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x03666220704120857","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Recent years have seen the increased use of antibiotics and hormones in domestic, agricultural and healthcare applications. As a result, waste streams contain more and more of these compounds, which eventually end up in the environment, where they might cause serious damage to flora and fauna even at miniscule amounts. This issue is currently not resolved by conventional waste treatment plants, as their adequacy for handling these compounds, many of which non-polar, is quite limited.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This work studies the effect of modifying the hydrophilic photocatalyst TiO2 with various rare earth oxides (REOs), of the lanthanide family (Er, La, Gd, Ce), on the photocatalytic activity towards degrading non-polar compounds. Ciprofloxacin, a widely used antibiotic, was chosen a model hydrophobic compound. Its degradation rate was compared with that of caffeine, used as a model hydrophilic compound.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Fused silica plates were coated with REO-containing films comprising of TiO2 and silica. The latter was used as a binder to assure high integrity and strong adherence of the films to their substrates. The plates were characterized by SEM, EDS, XPS, and scratch-resistance measurements. The photocatalytic kinetics were determined with UV-Vis spectroscopy (caffeine) or with fluorescence spectroscopy (ciprofloxacin). Further information was obtained by measuring the kinetics in the presence of charge scavengers, as well as by SEM-EDS mapping of the surface following photodeposition of platinum.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Most of the REOs-modified TiO2 coatings showed an increase in the activity and selectivity towards ciprofloxacin, in comparison with coatings that did not contain REOs. A study on the role of the silica binder suggests that the hydrophobicity of the binder plays an important role in promoting ciprofloxacin degradation. With respect to REOs contribution, SEM-EDS mapping of REOs-containing films indicated that the REOs act as electron sinks, despite the position of their conduction bands. This charge accumulation is likely to be responsible for the contribution of the REOs to the enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin. The hydrophobicity of lanthanide oxides, while having some effect on the adsorption of the non-polar ciprofloxacin, cannot explain by-itself the observed effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Oxides of erbium, gadolinium and lanthanum may be used to increase photocatalytic rates via electron accumulation, despite the location of their conduction bands. This is in parallel to their effect as adsorption promotors of hydrophobic compounds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122766122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible Light-Emitting Diode Light-Driven Aerial Oxidation of Aldehydes under Catalyst and Solvent-Free Conditions.","authors":"Ashok R. Patel, Geetika Patel, S. Das, Bhaskar Sharma, Subhash Banerjee","doi":"10.2174/2665976x03666220630111644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x03666220630111644","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Green and sustainable method for the oxidation of aldehydes into acids is now on demand as carboxylic acid are important and versatile intermediates. In this context, visible LED light-promoted aerial oxidation can be efficient and greener protocol.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Herein, we have demonstrated a visible LED light-promoted efficient and greener protocol for the aerial oxidation of aromatic aldehydes into corresponding acids in absence of any additives, base, catalyst, and oxidant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The oxidation of aromatic aldehydes was irradiated by LED light at room temperature under open atmosphere, monitored by TLC. The rate of oxidation was also monitored using different LED lights by UV-Vis studies. The products were purified by column chromatography using silica gel and mixture of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether as eluting solvent and the pure products were confirmed by their melting point determination and NMR spectroscopic analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aldehydes were successfully converted into corresponding acids with good isolated yields (60-90 %) by this protocol, where blue LED light (~ 490 nm) was found to be best choice.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The clean aerial oxidation of aromatic aldehydes under visible LED light. The present protocol of aerial oxidation of aromatic aldehydes into corresponding acids under visible LED light has been carried out in the absence of catalyst, oxidant, base, and any other additives. The higher isolated yields, no byproduct formation, neat reaction conditions are the major advantages of the protocol.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131046088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of silver decorated reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid for effective photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye","authors":"Saurav Ramesh Nayak, Kikkeri Narasimha Shetty Mohana, K. Rajitha, Ambale Murthy Madhusudhana, N. K. Swamy, M. Hegde","doi":"10.2174/2665976x03666220622121653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x03666220622121653","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Even though silver decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) shows maximum absorptivity in the UV region, most of the research on the degradation of dyes using Ag-rGO is in the visible region. Therefore the present work focused on the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye in the presence of Ag-rGO as a catalyst by UV light irradiation\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this context, silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide hybrid material was fabricated and explores its potential for the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous IC solution in the UV region. The decoration of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the rGO nanosheets is evidenced by TEM analysis. The extent of mineralization of the dye was measured by estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD) values before and after irradiation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The synthesized Ag-rGO binary composites displayed excellent photocatalytic activity in 2  10-5 M IC concentration and 5mg catalyst loading. The optical absorption spectrum of Ag-rGO showed that the energy band-gap was found to be 2.27 eV, which is significantly smaller compared to the band-gap of GO. 5 mg of Ag-rGO was found to be an optimum quantity for the effective degradation of IC dye. The degradation rate increases with the decrease in the concentration of the dye at alkaline pH conditions. The photocatalytic efficiency was 92% for the use of the second time.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The impact of the enhanced reactive species generation was consistent with higher photocatalytic dye degradation. The photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed and the hydroxyl radical was found to be the reactive species responsible for the degradation of dye. The feasibility of reusing the photocatalyst showed that the photocatalytic efficiency was very effective for the use of the second time.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124061564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting high added-value chemicals formation by means of photoelectrocatalysis","authors":"M. Bellardita, L. Palmisano, V. Loddo","doi":"10.2174/2665976x03666220513153344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x03666220513153344","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Within the current production systems, the need for low environmental impact processes to produce chemicals, the treatment of aqueous effluents and the production of fuels is becoming an increasingly urgent challenge. In this context, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), which couples the electrochemical method (EC) with photocatalysis (PC), can be considered a valid alternative to traditional catalytic processes. It allows increasing the photocatalytic and the electrochemical efficiency by improving the separation of the photoproduced electrons and holes on the electrode active surface and addressing the partial oxidation products formation by selecting the applied potential values. This review is concerned with the possibility to form by PEC high added-value chemicals, sometimes with the contemporary production of hydrogen, by using different materials for the fabrication of photoanodes and photocathodes in different solvents and system configuration, obtaining very interesting values of conversion, selectivity and Faradaic efficiencies. In particular, the review presents results related to the production of valuable compounds by the valorisation of alcohols, biomass derivatives and some peculiar organic substrates, highlighting the influence of electrodes composition, applied bias, electrolyte type and solvent.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-tunable p-type ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic removal of Eriochrome Black T","authors":"Auwal Yusha’u, U. Gaya","doi":"10.2174/2665976x03666220420112343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x03666220420112343","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Photocatalysis with ZnO is a promising alternative to TiO2 photocatalysis especially for the removal of various organic dye pollutants.\u0000Methods: Highly crystalline, nanoscopic carbon-doped ZnO was successfully synthesized via a combined precipitation and mechanochemical approach and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The obtained photocatalysts depicts plate-like morphology and hexagonal wurtzite structure. The XRD, SEM, and FTIR analysis were in good agreement with EDX results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The 5wt % C-doped ZnO showed remarkable visible light-photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and exhibits a more favourable point of zero charge (pzc) for adsorption equilibrium. This degradative process was optimized at 97 % using response surface methodology (RSM) with a 0.1 g the C-ZnO and 5.00 mg/L EBT at pH 11. The kinetic data fits the pseudo-first order kinetics model.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The resulting C-ZnO was a p-type with a good pH at zero point charge that permits the removal of EBT by C-doped under visible light irradiation over a very wide range of initial pH.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114760507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting Polymers and Photocatalysis: A Mini Review on Selected Conducting Polymers and Photocatalysts as TiO2 and ZnO","authors":"Nazli Turkten, Y. Karatas, M. Bekbolet","doi":"10.2174/2665976x02666211201121530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2665976x02666211201121530","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This work covers a comprehensive mini review of the recent studies on the use of composites\u0000consisting of conducting polymers coupled with photocatalysts. The selected photocatalysts were TiO2\u0000and ZnO and conducting polymers were polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene. Based on the reference studies, preparation and characterization methodologies were presented along with reaction conditions. Assessment of photocatalytic performance of the composites was based on i. light intensity,\u0000band gap energy and effective wavelength region, ii. surface area and initial adsorption, iii. zeta potential and the pH of point of zero charges (pHzpc), with respect to selected substrate physico-chemical\u0000properties. Conclusive remarks covered recommendations for future studies to fulfill the misconceptions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":246025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photocatalysis","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121813067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}