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The chemistry of wood strength 木材强度的化学性质
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 2012-09-06 DOI: 10.1201/B12487-15
J. Winandy, R. Rowell
{"title":"The chemistry of wood strength","authors":"J. Winandy, R. Rowell","doi":"10.1201/B12487-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B12487-15","url":null,"abstract":"On etudie les relations entre les proprietes mecaniques de la fibre de bois et ses constituants chimiques (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignine) aux niveaux macroscopique (cellulaire), microscopique (paroi cellulaire) et moleculaire (polymeres)","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134281394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 162
Determination and use of phase diagrams for rubber- or thermoplastic-modified poly(cyanurate) networks 橡胶或热塑性改性聚氰脲酸酯网络相图的测定和使用
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH013
Z. Cao, F. Méchin, J. Pascault
{"title":"Determination and use of phase diagrams for rubber- or thermoplastic-modified poly(cyanurate) networks","authors":"Z. Cao, F. Méchin, J. Pascault","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH013","url":null,"abstract":"The phase diagrams of blends of two cyanate ester monomers with reinforcing additives are discussed. The temperature and viscosity at which phase separation occurs are critical for the final morphology.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128402297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Suspensions: Basic principles 悬架:基本原则
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH001
L. Schramm
{"title":"Suspensions: Basic principles","authors":"L. Schramm","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the occurrence, properties, and importance of suspensions in the petroleum industry. The principles of colloid science are central to an understanding of these suspensions. These principles may be applied to suspensions in different ways to achieve quite different results: a stable useful suspension in one application and the destabilization of an undesirable suspension in another. 55 refs., 19 figs., 2 tabs.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124175828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Flow of suspensions in pipelines 管道中悬浮液的流动
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH004
H. Nasr-El-Din
{"title":"Flow of suspensions in pipelines","authors":"H. Nasr-El-Din","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"Slurry pipelines are used in many industrial applications. Several parameters are often needed by the operator, including critical deposit velocity, solids concentration, and particle velocity profiles. This chapter first reviews important formulas used to predict critical deposit velocity both in Newtonian and non-Newtonian (power-law) carrier fluids. Various methods to measure local velocity and solids concentration profiles in slurry pipelines are discussed. Local solids concentration can be measured by sample withdrawal technique. However, the sample should be withdrawn at isokinetic conditions. Sampling downstream of tees and elbows can result in significant errors in measuring solids concentration. Gamma-ray absorption methods can be used; however, two scans are needed to obtain local solids concentration. Bulk velocity of conductive slurries can be obtained using magnetic flow meters mounted on a vertical section of the pipe. Local particle velocity can be obtained using conductivity probes. NMR methods can be used to measure concentration and particle velocity profiles but are limited to small-diameter pipes. Vertical solids concentration of coarse slurries flowing in a horizontal pipeline exhibits a positive gradient near the bottom of the pipe. Traditional models to predict these profiles are given, and new mathematical models and computer software to determine these profiles are introduced.more » 104 refs., 31 figs., 1 tab.« less","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115186377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Predictive modelling of the properties and toughness of rubber-toughened epoxies 橡胶增韧环氧树脂性能和韧性的预测模型
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH001
A. Kinloch, F. Guild
{"title":"Predictive modelling of the properties and toughness of rubber-toughened epoxies","authors":"A. Kinloch, F. Guild","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH001","url":null,"abstract":"A finite element model for rubber particles in a polymeric matrix is described which consists of a collection of spheres. The importance of this material is demonstrated for the quantitative modeling of the toughening processes.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128266373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Influence of adhesive strength upon crack trapping in brittle heterogeneous solids 粘接强度对脆性非均质固体中裂纹捕获的影响
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH004
T. Mower, A. Argon
{"title":"Influence of adhesive strength upon crack trapping in brittle heterogeneous solids","authors":"T. Mower, A. Argon","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"Results are described on crack propagation past macroscopic obstacles in a transparent brittle epoxide under stable conditions in order to determine the effective toughening resulting from discrete isolated crack-trapping processes in the absence of all other toughening mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122198210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asphaltenes in crude oil and bitumen: Structure and dispersion 原油和沥青中的沥青质:结构和分散
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH008
J. Speight
{"title":"Asphaltenes in crude oil and bitumen: Structure and dispersion","authors":"J. Speight","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH008","url":null,"abstract":"Crude petroleum is a mixture of compounds boiling at different temperatures that can be separated into a variety of generic fractions by distillation and by fractionation. In fact, such methods provide a better sense of the overall composition of petroleum and the behavioral characteristics. However, petroleum from different sources exhibits different characteristics, and the behavioral characteristics are often difficult to define with any degree of precision. As anticipated and inasmuch as there is a wide variation in the properties of petroleum, the proportions in which the different constituents occur will also vary widely. Thus, some crude oils have higher proportions of the lower boiling constituents, whereas others (such as bitumen, also referred to as natural asphalt) have higher proportions of the higher boiling constituents (often called the {open_quotes}asphaltic components{close_quotes} or {open_quotes}residuum{close_quotes}). It is these higher boiling constituents that often lead to problems during recovery and refining operations. 105 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114555971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Rheological monitoring of phase separation induced by chemical reaction in thermoplastic-modified epoxy 热塑性改性环氧树脂化学反应相分离的流变监测
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH005
C. Vinh‐tung, G. Lachenal, B. Chabert
{"title":"Rheological monitoring of phase separation induced by chemical reaction in thermoplastic-modified epoxy","authors":"C. Vinh‐tung, G. Lachenal, B. Chabert","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0252.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"The phase separation induced by chemical reaction in blends of tetraglycidyl-diaminodiphenylmethane epoxy resin with an aromatic diamine hardener and a thermoplastic was monitored. Rheological measurements and morphologies are described.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114823972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Permeability decline due to flow of dilute suspensions through porous media 由于稀悬浮液流过多孔介质，渗透率下降
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH006
H. Nasr-El-Din
{"title":"Permeability decline due to flow of dilute suspensions through porous media","authors":"H. Nasr-El-Din","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH006","url":null,"abstract":"Suspension flow in porous media is encountered in many industrial applications. In the oil industry, suspended solids present in injected waters cart cause significant damage around the wellbore or deep in the formation. Depending on tire physical properties of tire solid particles, the porous medium, and operating conditions, solids can form external or internal filter cake, or just flow through the media without causing any damage. External filter cake formation causes a fast and sharp drop in permeability or injectivity of the formation. Reversing the flow direction can recover some of the damaged permeability. Internal filter cake formation cases a gradual or steady drop in permeability. Reversing the flow direction will not recover tire damaged permeability. Increasing solids concentration or particle size will cause more damage to formation. Injection of low-salinity water into sandstone reservoirs can trigger fines migration and clay swelling. Both factors can damage the formation. Injection of water that is incompatible with the formation brine may cause precipitation of insoluble sulfates that cart plug the formation. Stimulation (or acidizing) the formation cart also produce solid particles that can damage the formation. Corrosion by-products (e.g., iron sulfide) cart block the flow paths and reduce the permeability of themore » formation. Many experimental and modeling studies to predict formation damage due to flow of suspensions in porous media are discussed in this chapter. Solids can be present in injected waters or be generated in the formation. More research is needed to predict flow of suspensions in porous media when solid particles invade and are generated in tire formation simultaneously. 71 refs., 19 figs.« less","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121467186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Nature and fate of oil sands fine tailings 油砂细尾矿的性质与命运
Advances in chemistry series Pub Date : 1996-12-31 DOI: 10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH014
R. Mikula, K. Kasperski, R. Burns, Mackinnon
{"title":"Nature and fate of oil sands fine tailings","authors":"R. Mikula, K. Kasperski, R. Burns, Mackinnon","doi":"10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/BA-1996-0251.CH014","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical and physical properties of clay suspensions produced during oil production front oil sands are described. With a composition of approximately 70 wt% water (with some unrecovered bitumen) and 30 wt% solids (>90% less than 44 {mu}m in size), these clay suspensions consolidate very slowly. Clay aggregate or floc morphology has been shown to be a function of the water chemistry and can be manipulated to produce a tailings suspension that is easier to consolidate and dewater. Commercial oil sands processing has been going on in northeastern Alberta since 1967, and in that time approximately 250 million m of this difficult to dewater clay suspension has been produced. The reclamation options for this material (mature fine tailings) on a commercial scale are also outlined. 84 refs., 36 figs., 3 tabs.","PeriodicalId":245674,"journal":{"name":"Advances in chemistry series","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122305250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 79
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