Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems最新文献

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Enabling Compositionality for Multicore Timing Analysis 启用多核时序分析的组合性
S. Hahn, M. Jacobs, J. Reineke
{"title":"Enabling Compositionality for Multicore Timing Analysis","authors":"S. Hahn, M. Jacobs, J. Reineke","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997471","url":null,"abstract":"Timing compositionality is assumed by almost all multicore timing analyses. In this paper, we show that compositional timing analysis can be incorrect even for simple microarchitectures with in-order execution. We then introduce three approaches to enable sound compositional analysis: two based on analysis and one based on a hardware modification. In the experimental evaluation we explore the strengths and weaknesses of these three approaches. One of the two analysis-based approaches provides an attractive trade-off between analysis cost and precision, enabling sound compositional timing analysis even for microarchitectures with out-of-order execution.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127528258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Schedulability analysis of dependent probabilistic real-time tasks 相关概率实时任务的可调度性分析
Slim Ben-Amor, Dorin Maxim, L. Cucu-Grosjean
{"title":"Schedulability analysis of dependent probabilistic real-time tasks","authors":"Slim Ben-Amor, Dorin Maxim, L. Cucu-Grosjean","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997499","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of modern architectures has increased the timing variability of programs (or tasks). In this context, new approaches based on probabilistic methods are proposed to decrease the pessimism by associating probabilities to the worst case values of the programs (tasks) time execution. In this paper, we extend the original work of Chetto et al. [7] on precedence constrained tasks to the case of tasks with worst case execution times described by probability distributions. The precedence constraints between tasks are defined by acyclic directed graphs and these constraints are transformed in appropriate release times and deadlines. The new release times and deadlines are built using new maximum and minimum relations between pairs of probability distributions. We provide a probabilistic schedulability condition based on these new relations.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125737528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Traversal time for weakly synchronized CAN bus 弱同步CAN总线的遍历时间
Hugo Daigmorte, M. Boyer
{"title":"Traversal time for weakly synchronized CAN bus","authors":"Hugo Daigmorte, M. Boyer","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997477","url":null,"abstract":"Scheduling frames with offsets has been shown in the literature to be very beneficial for reducing response times in realtime networks because it allows the workload to be better spread over time and thus to reduce peaks of load. Maintaining a global synchronization amongst the stations induces substantial overhead and complexity in networks not providing a global time service such as CAN. Indeed, on CAN, no global clock is implemented in practice and each station possesses its own local clock. Without a global clock, the de-synchronization between the streams of frames created by offsets remains local to each station. The first contribution of this work is to show that important gains with respect to the communication latencies, around 40% in our experiments, can be achieved if we implement bounded clock desynchronization, also refered to as bounded phases, between the stations. The second contribution of this work is to provide a set of network-calculus based timing analyses to handle systems with bounded phases and compare their performances.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122383799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Mapping hard real-time applications on many-core processors 在多核处理器上映射硬实时应用程序
Quentin Perret, Pascal Maurère, É. Noulard, C. Pagetti, P. Sainrat, B. Triquet
{"title":"Mapping hard real-time applications on many-core processors","authors":"Quentin Perret, Pascal Maurère, É. Noulard, C. Pagetti, P. Sainrat, B. Triquet","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997496","url":null,"abstract":"Many-core processors are interesting candidates for the design of modern avionics computers. Indeed, the computational power offered by such platforms opens new horizons to design more demanding systems and to integrate more applications on a single target. However, they also bring challenging research topics because of their lack of predictability and their programming complexity. In this paper, we focus on the problem of mapping large applications on a complex platform such as the KALRAY MPPA®-256 while maintaining a strong temporal isolation from co-running applications. We propose a constraint programming formulation of the mapping problem that enables an efficient parallelization and we demonstrate the ability of our approach to deal with large problems using a real world case study.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130571259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Partitioning and Interface Synthesis in Hierarchical Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems 分层多处理机实时系统的划分与接口综合
Alessandro Biondi, G. Buttazzo, M. Bertogna
{"title":"Partitioning and Interface Synthesis in Hierarchical Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems","authors":"Alessandro Biondi, G. Buttazzo, M. Bertogna","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997489","url":null,"abstract":"Hierarchical scheduling is an effective approach developed to support the integration of independently developed applications on the same computing platform. In particular, the M-BROE framework has been recently proposed and analyzed to efficiently support component-based development on multiprocessor platforms through the virtual multiprocessor abstraction implemented by reservation servers, in the presence of shared resources. However, the problems of partitioning applications to virtual processors and defining reservation parameters were not addressed. This paper fills this gap by proposing a design methodology as an optimization problem for partitioning applications to virtual processors, performing a synthesis of the component interface and allocating virtual processors to physical processors. Experimental results are also presented to evaluate the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129570408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Independent yet Tight WCRT Analysis for Individual Priority Classes in Ethernet AVB 以太网AVB中单个优先级类的独立而严密的WCRT分析
Jingyue Cao, P. Cuijpers, R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien
{"title":"Independent yet Tight WCRT Analysis for Individual Priority Classes in Ethernet AVB","authors":"Jingyue Cao, P. Cuijpers, R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997493","url":null,"abstract":"In the high-tech and automotive industry, bandwidth considerations and widely accepted standardization are two important reasons why Ethernet is currently being considered as an alternative solution for real-time communication (compared to the traditional fieldbusses). Although Ethernet was originally not intended for this purpose, the development of the Ethernet AVB standard enables its use for transporting high-volume data (e.g. from cameras and entertainment applications) with latency guarantees. The traditional busy-period analysis that ensures these latency guarantees relies on knowledge of all data streams, including interference. However, for complex industrial systems, the assumption that characteristics of all interfering data streams are known, is not realistic. As the amount of components connected to an Ethernet network grows, it becomes less likely that one can know or enforce the traffic patterns generated by all these components. In this paper, we present an independent real-time analysis based on so-called eligible intervals, which does not rely on any assumptions on interfering priority classes other than those enforced in the Ethernet AVB standard. We prove our analysis is tight when no additional information on interference is known. Furthermore, we compare the results of our approach to the two most recent busy-period analyses, point out sources of pessimism in these earlier works, and discuss the advantages of using eligible-intervals over busy-period analysis when studying idling servers.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130458360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
A Practical Message ID Assignment Policy for Controller Area Network that Maximizes Extensibility 一种可扩展性最大化的控制器局域网消息ID分配策略
Florian Pölzlbauer, Robert I. Davis, I. Bate
{"title":"A Practical Message ID Assignment Policy for Controller Area Network that Maximizes Extensibility","authors":"Florian Pölzlbauer, Robert I. Davis, I. Bate","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997484","url":null,"abstract":"Controller Area Network (CAN) is widely used in automotive applications. Policies for message ID and thus priority assignment have a significant impact on schedulability. In addition, they also determine extensibility; the scope to add messages required by future upgrades without compromising schedulability. In this paper we address message ID assignment, such that the system is extensible. First, we provide an assessment metric that provides an in-depth view of the extensibility of a given ID-assignment, tailored for use in automotive applications. Second, we develop a practical ID-assignment policy which maximizes extensibility. This policy provides an upgrade pathway: it is used to provide the initial ID-assignment, and also used for ID-assignments during subsequent upgrades. The policy optimizes extensibility by maintaining Deadline minus Jitter Monotonic Priority Ordering, which ensures that it does not compromise either schedulability or robustness to errors on the bus. Evaluation using a simple automotive benchmark shows the effectiveness of the policy over multiple upgrades.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122261757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Formal Approach for Flexible Modeling and Analysis of Transaction Timeliness and Isolation 事务时效性和隔离性灵活建模和分析的形式化方法
Simin Cai, B. Gallina, Dag Nyström, C. Seceleanu
{"title":"A Formal Approach for Flexible Modeling and Analysis of Transaction Timeliness and Isolation","authors":"Simin Cai, B. Gallina, Dag Nyström, C. Seceleanu","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997495","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Concurrency Control (CC) mechanisms ensure absence of undesired interference in transaction-based systems and enforce isolation. However, CC may introduce unpredictable delays that could lead to breached timeliness, which is unwanted for real-time transactions. To avoid deadline misses, some CC algorithms relax isolation in favor of timeliness, whereas others limit possible interleavings by leveraging real-time constraints and preserve isolation. Selecting an appropriate CC algorithm that can guarantee timeliness at an acceptable level of isolation thus becomes an essential concern for system designers. However, trading-off isolation for timeliness is not easy with existing analysis techniques in database and real-time communities. In this paper, we propose to use model checking of a timed automata model of the transaction system, in order to check the traded-off timeliness and isolation. Our solution provides modularization for the basic transactional constituents, which enables flexible modeling and composition of various candidate CC algorithms, and thus reduces the effort of selecting the appropriate CC algorithm.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116671700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Scheduling Real-Time Communication in IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Sensitive Networks IEEE 802.1Qbv时间敏感网络中的实时通信调度
Silviu S. Craciunas, Ramon Serna Oliver, Martin Chmelík, W. Steiner
{"title":"Scheduling Real-Time Communication in IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Sensitive Networks","authors":"Silviu S. Craciunas, Ramon Serna Oliver, Martin Chmelík, W. Steiner","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997470","url":null,"abstract":"The enhancements being developed by the Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group as part of IEEE 802.1 emerge as the future of real-time communication over Ethernet networks for automotive and industrial application domains. In particular IEEE 802.1Qbv is key to enabling timeliness guarantees via so-called time-aware shapers. In this paper, we address the computation of fully deterministic schedules for 802.1Qbv-compliant multi-hop switched networks. We identify and analyze key functional parameters affecting the deterministic behaviour of real-time communication under 802.1Qbv and, based on a generalized configuration of these parameters, derive the required constraints for computing offline schedules guaranteeing low and bounded jitter and deterministic end-to-end latency for critical communication flows. Furthermore, we discuss several optimization directions and concrete configurations exposing trade-offs against the required computation time. We also show the performance of our approach via synthetic network workloads on top of different network configurations.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116998912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 292
Time for Reactive System Modeling: Interactive Timing Analysis with Hotspot Highlighting 响应系统建模的时间:具有热点突出的交互式时序分析
Insa Fuhrmann, David Broman, R. V. Hanxleden, Alexander Schulz-Rosengarten
{"title":"Time for Reactive System Modeling: Interactive Timing Analysis with Hotspot Highlighting","authors":"Insa Fuhrmann, David Broman, R. V. Hanxleden, Alexander Schulz-Rosengarten","doi":"10.1145/2997465.2997467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2997465.2997467","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling tools typically provide no information about timing properties and costly parts of the system under development. In this paper we propose a generic approach to integrate timing analysis and modeling tools. This approach includes visual highlighting to guide the user to worst-case execution time hotspots, detailed timing information for specific model elements, and the separation of different types of timing values. Our solution includes both a way to keep track of model elements subject to timing analysis during the compilation process, and a flexible and formally defined timing analysis interface for communicating timing information between a high-level modeling tool and a lower-level timing analysis tool. We present a complete open-source, Eclipse-based prototype tool chain that is evaluated both using a systematic benchmark suite and a user study.","PeriodicalId":245345,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125220310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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