Journal of Development Policy and Practice最新文献_第6页

Impossible Theorem and Possibilities of Development Studies 不可能定理与发展研究的可能性

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320952209

B. Nayak

引用次数: 0

President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Policy Process and the Conversation around HIV/AIDS in the United States 总统艾滋病紧急救援计划(PEPFAR)政策进程与美国关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病的对话

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320952210

Laura E. Jacobson

{"title":"President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Policy Process and the Conversation around HIV/AIDS in the United States","authors":"Laura E. Jacobson","doi":"10.1177/2455133320952210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320952210","url":null,"abstract":"In 2003, the George W. Bush administration passed the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), a US government initiative to address the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic primarily in Africa. PEPFAR’s US$18 billion budget remains the largest commitment from any nation towards a single disease and has saved countless lives. Given the historical and current political resistance to foreign aid, PEPFAR’s drastic spike in spending on HIV/AIDS raises questions over how the policy process resulted in bipartisan support. Using two policy process theories, punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this analysis helps explain the framing of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and the factors that resulted in the creation of PEPFAR. The analysis of the PEPFAR policy process reveals a ‘tipping point’ in the early 2000s, when political actors, the media and advocacy coalitions benefitted from issue framing, narrative change and measures of political attention to elevate the global HIV/AIDS crisis to the public agenda. The findings highlight an increase in presidential attention, the evolution of the HIV/AIDS narrative away from stigma and the formation of powerful coalitions. Looking back on the combination of policy process factors that led to PEPFAR’s bipartisan success might lead to insights for dismantling the grand public health challenges of the present and future. This study’s findings have implications for currently stigmatised public health crises, such as the opioid epidemic.","PeriodicalId":243965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Policy and Practice","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133583002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

R. Kavita Rao and Sacchidanada Mukherjee (Eds.), Evolution of Goods and Services Tax in India R. Kavita Rao和Sacchidanada Mukherjee(编)，印度商品和服务税的演变

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320957428

R. Jha

引用次数: 0

Pattern and Determinants of Maternal and Child Healthcare Services Among Tribals: With a Special Reference to Tribal Regions of Odisha 部落中妇幼保健服务的模式和决定因素:以奥里萨邦部落地区为例

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320935536

P. Panda, C. Subudhi

{"title":"Pattern and Determinants of Maternal and Child Healthcare Services Among Tribals: With a Special Reference to Tribal Regions of Odisha","authors":"P. Panda, C. Subudhi","doi":"10.1177/2455133320935536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320935536","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal and child healthcare (MCHC) is an important aspect of healthcare that poses major challenges in the healthcare system. Despite the implementation of various MCHC programmes and policies, MCHC development in India is still grossly lagging. The tribal populations and tribal-dominated areas are more vulnerable, and they are more or less deprived of their basic right to MCHC services. In this context, this article is a modest attempt to analyse the pattern of MCHC services among tribals in India with a special reference to the tribal-dominated districts of Odisha. Besides, the article also aims to explore the factors determining low MCHC achievements in these regions. Secondary data have been used from National Family Health Surveys and other published documents by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for the study. Simple percentage ratio method and multiple regression techniques have been employed to substantiate the objectives. It is observed that MCHC indicators among tribals and tribal-dominated areas are lagging behind the national indicators and a multipronged approach with an emphasis on effective implementation of schemes in tribal areas is highly required. Districts with dense tribal populations in Odisha are placed among the low-performing districts in MCHC. Women’s education and marriage below legal age emerged significant in determining institutional delivery rate in districts of Odisha. While the coefficient for women’s literacy is positive, it is found to be negative for marriage below legal age. Mother’s education significantly contributes to children’s immunisation as well. The findings suggest the importance of a long-term strategy like improvement of women’s education for MCHC developments. In addition to development of education and awareness, maternal and child health schemes also need to be made available in tribal areas by provision of services in hilly and inaccessible regions and by breaking cultural barriers.","PeriodicalId":243965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Policy and Practice","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Enriching the Lives of Marginalised Sections: Case of MGNREGS in Composite Andhra Pradesh, India 丰富边缘化群体的生活:印度安得拉邦的MGNREGS案例

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320953503

C. Murty, M. Reddy

{"title":"Enriching the Lives of Marginalised Sections: Case of MGNREGS in Composite Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"C. Murty, M. Reddy","doi":"10.1177/2455133320953503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320953503","url":null,"abstract":"The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) initiated in 2006 is essentially a reaction to the jobless growth witnessed in the post-1991 reforms period. The Scheme seeks to improve the livelihoods of the marginalised sections in rural areas by generating wage employment. The article is an attempt to examine if the Scheme is really benefitting these sections as envisaged. Our village survey data of composite Andhra Pradesh (AP) brings to the fore the fact that the socially lowly placed scheduled castes (SCs), scheduled tribes (STs) and other backward castes (OBCs) were well represented among the beneficiaries of the Scheme, female participation in the Scheme was way beyond expectations, the Scheme was indeed the mainstay of the illiterate and the little educated that look for manual labour, and the otherwise rarely preferred elderly of the labour market found place in the Scheme and they could make significant contribution to earnings of poor households. It further throws up the finding that the Scheme was an important employment avenue to reckon with in the rural labour market and therefore, it increased the bargaining strength and the reservation wage rate of the labour force. Briefly, the Scheme contributed to inclusive growth.","PeriodicalId":243965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Policy and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127865337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Infant Mortality in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Does Government Health Spending Matter? 低收入和中等收入国家的婴儿死亡率:政府卫生支出重要吗?

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320909916

M. Boachie, T. Põlajeva, Albert Opoku Frimpong

{"title":"Infant Mortality in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Does Government Health Spending Matter?","authors":"M. Boachie, T. Põlajeva, Albert Opoku Frimpong","doi":"10.1177/2455133320909916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320909916","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The issue of whether government health spending improves health outcomes has been a matter of contention over the years. There have been calls for governments to reduce their financing role in the health sector since such funding do not produce better health. This article examines the effect of public (i.e., government) health expenditure on infant mortality, a proxy of health outcomes, in low- and middle-income countries. We use data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators database and employ fixed effects estimation technique, with three-stage least squares as a robustness check. The data cover the period 1995–2014. We find that public health expenditure improves health outcomes significantly, as it reduces infant mortality. The results further show that rising income and access to safe water are some of the reasons for improved health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Based on these results and the expected redistributive impact of government spending, governments in low- and middle-income countries may consider increasing health spending for better healthcare systems and improved health.","PeriodicalId":243965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Policy and Practice","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Exploring the Nexus Between Participation and Empowerment 探索参与和授权之间的联系

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320909926

P. Kamruzzaman

{"title":"Exploring the Nexus Between Participation and Empowerment","authors":"P. Kamruzzaman","doi":"10.1177/2455133320909926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320909926","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Theoretically, the idea of participation might appear to be replete with grand-sounding promises of empowerment for the poor and marginalised. But, in practice, participation may often take the form of enlisting people in various social and community development projects to secure the compliance of local people. In this paper, I offer a critical review of theoretical promises of participation and contrast this with a number of real-world examples. I argue that participation can be used for validating external approach and incorporated in social as well as community development projects to make it more cost-effective. In theory, giving voices to the poor is important but tokenistic inclusion can often be found in practice for cost-effectiveness. However, giving voices and/or cost efficiency arguments are not coherent with the ideas of empowerment while practices of participation often fail to address the issues of power among various actors, such as decision-makers, participation-seekers and participants. When participation is used as a prerequisite to secure fund or make the project cost-effective, empowerment of poor people does not seem to be a genuine priority. Therefore, empowerment through participation may remain lip-service.","PeriodicalId":243965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Policy and Practice","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131087135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Development, Ecology and Climate Change: Resistance by the Peasantry 发展、生态与气候变化:农民的反抗

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320909912

O. Busck, Johannes Schmidt

引用次数: 3

Public Policy and Changing Pattern of Industrial R&D System in India: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-reform Periods 印度公共政策与产业研发体系变迁模式:改革前后的比较分析

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133320903510

B. Shergill

{"title":"Public Policy and Changing Pattern of Industrial R&D System in India: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-reform Periods","authors":"B. Shergill","doi":"10.1177/2455133320903510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320903510","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is an attempt to examine the trends of industrial R&D expenditure by the private sector and public sector during pre-reform (1980–1992) and post-reform period (1993–2010). The agenda of economic reform is to liberalise the industrial sector and make it more competitive in the global scenario. The analysis indicates that in the post-reform period, the percentage share of R&D expenditure drastically shifted from public sector to private sector. The major share of R&D expenditure remained in capital goods manufacturing sector. R&D expenditure is highly concentrated in the capital goods sector by public and private sectors. Second, preferential sector in terms of share of R&D expenditure has been intermediate sector by the public sector and consumer non-durables by the private sector overtime. Consumer durables sector is a completely ignored sector across the board. R&D intensity has been in the range of low and medium across industry groups and time. It may be argued that industries might not be enabling to realise spillovers from the transfer of technology and also would be fragile to enhance its ability to make product and process innovations of its own. The changing pattern of R&D expenditure by the industrial sector confirms the supremacy and autonomy of the market. These are the areas where R&D expenditure is required to gain technological capabilities and absorptive capacity for a low R&D intensity country like India. The article argues that technological and industrial policies should be taken into consideration with respect to the demand and production processes. Especially since the Indian economy is a low-income country with a massive agrarian and rural labour force, it needs to transform technological capabilities and organisation of industrialisation according to the indigenous and categorised necessities by both the public and the private sectors.","PeriodicalId":243965,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Policy and Practice","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132726876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Indicators: A Comparison Among Selected Countries 社会指标:选定国家之间的比较

Journal of Development Policy and Practice Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/2455133319862405

B. Iqbal, M. N. Rahman, M. Hasan

引用次数: 1