{"title":"Intergenerational Discourse: Its Essence and Features","authors":"J. Sadovskaya","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Generations, their values and preferences, generational gap, generational conflicts are among the most urgent topics in modern society. They are studied by marketers, sociologists, philosophers, and psychologists as generational differences affect the purchasing ability and consumer behaviour, communication in the workplace, involve the issues of ageism and appropriate and fair treatment of various age groups. However, the phenomenon of verbal interaction of representatives of different generations as represented in written texts has not deserved proper attention and, therefore, has not been studied thoroughly. The study of intergenerational discourse may serve this purpose and fill in the existing gaps determining the scope of this research.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122358687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fairy Tales and the Lingual and Intellectual Development in Preschoolers","authors":"Sindorela Doli-Kryeziu","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A fairy tale as a form of a cultural code is the most important tool for cultural and ethnic socialization, the transfer of social experience, values, and worldview. Modern society is characterized by a high level of technologization, standardization, and universalization of the communication process which leads to the formation of new social practices of communication of various social groups. The article is focused on highlighting the functional and activity role of a fairy tale in the formation of the social memory of the younger generation and the features of the implementation of intergenerational communication through the fairy tale. Communication is a powerful mechanism to live a life of harmony, impact and emotional resilience. Effectively conveying your thoughts into words that build trust and influence has the ability to dramatically shift the course of your life. Think about some of the most legendary people that have lived on this planet. In modern society, the range of communication agents in the transmission of social experience between generations has significantly expanded. There appear agents of non-family communication, which take part in the transmission of cultural memory and the formation of memory places in the younger generation.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115734204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CDA: Qatar World Cup in Newspaper Headlines in the Times and Jutarnji List","authors":"Nataša Stojan","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract World sports tournaments have diverse economic, political, social, and cultural ramifications. 2022 FIFA World Cup is the first world cup tournament organized in an Arab country, and is described by The Times as “the most controversial World Cup of all time”. Football has become more than just a sport in many countries, but an integral part of culture and society. The aim of our study is to analyze media representation of FIFA World Cup 2022 in British and Croatian respectable daily newspapers. The corpus is composed of newspaper headlines published in The Times and Jutarnji list from 01 December to 21 December, 2022. The analytical framework used for the analysis is Fairclough’s three- dimensional framework, complemented by Van Dijk’s approach to newspaper discourse. At the description level textual analysis is conducted with the focus on sentence predication (passive sentences), at the interpretation level headlines are analyzed from the perspective of modes of discourse representation, and at the explanation level they are analyzed from aspects of societal contexts. Particular prominence is given to newspaper headlines in this study since their function is to indicate the topic, attract readers’ attention and evoke particular cultural context. According to van Dijk (1989) headlines express underlying macrostructure, the topical organization of the news discourse. The aim of our study is to apply this critical perspective on selected samples of headlines and determine how news discourses are organized with reference to different social and cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122983634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Code of Ethics in the Context of Possible Misuse and Content","authors":"M. Ambrozy","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the article is to reflect on the question to what extent a situation may arise in which codes of ethics are not needed or even inappropriately applied. The possible advantages of codes of ethics are relatively well known, and there is ample literature on them. Literature on the conditions for the adoption of ethical codes is also quite common. There are far fewer articles about the uselessness of ethical codes in a certain context of reality. Even less is said about the detrimental consequences of the use of codes of ethics in their partial use. Our contribution is an attempt to show in what situations a code of ethics can act as a useless institution with no real influence, and also that certain elements of a code of ethics can lead to detrimental consequences if they are adopted and implemented.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124968769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“I am afraid if my students can’t understand me.” - A Consciousness-Raising Approach to Teaching the Modal System","authors":"T. Goetz","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Teaching the modal system through Consciousness-raising is a way of educating the learner about grammatical features using form-oriented activities. It can indirectly facilitate L2 acquisition. Through this approach, learners identify modal usage. Ellis advocates that learners transform input into intake to facilitate learner output, increasing the probability that the output will be comprehensible. As Swain points out, output facilitates acquisition by making learners aware of gaps, enabling hypothesis testing, and allowing learners to reflect on their performance and develop linguistic meta-understandings (Swain 1985). The following can elicit learner output: 1) Consciousness-raising for explicit knowledge, 2) feature focus exercises, and 3) focused identifying activities. In line with Ellis’ theory, a pedagogical design was created to allow learners to facilitate input into intake. As learners comprehend, they draw upon their general knowledge. Measuring such involves a grammatical Consciousness-raising task on the modal system with a pre and post-test. Moodle, a widely available LMS, was the learning management system used for data collection. It is hoped that this approach will highlight a student’s implicit and automatic grammatical knowledge rather than explicit and controlled knowledge. Preliminary results will be shared.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125631714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Founding Elements of Enlightenment Philosophy: The Relationship Between Language, Knowledge and Society","authors":"Alessandro Prato","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to examine the most important aspects of Enlightenment philosophy (and its main authors: Locke, Condillac, Diderot, Beccaria, Montesquieu) with special reference to the following topics: 1. The analysis of cognitive faculties and denial of the existence of innate ideas; 2. The criticisms of the concept of absolute authority; 3. The sovereignty and freedom of the individual; 4. Cartesian dualism between soul and body, between thought and matter. 5. The rejection of anthropocentrism led to criticism of providentialism; 6. The relationship between man and animals, and the discussions about the matter of animal language. This new formulation of ideas from the century of Enlightenment is of fundamental importance, and although not all of the hoped-for objectives were achieved – for example, those concerning human rights - their ideal was widely accepted, and those who criticise the existing order today do so in the name of Enlightenment.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114553398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Handling of Adjectives as Part of the Narrative in the Work “King of Gians” by Kole Jakove","authors":"Sindorela Doli-Kryeziu","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the use of the adjective in the work “ Mbreti i divave (King of giants)” by the well-known author Kole Jakova. We will talk about the theoretical analysis about adjectives, describing them from the point of view of the grammatical category. Because the adjective belongs to studies in the field of linguistics and is researched within the discipline of morphology, some general knowledge about morphology and its object of study was initially given. It is mentioned here that the adjective, together with the noun, numeral, verb and pronoun are variable parts of the discourse, as they change their form during use in the sentence, so they are inflected (noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral) or chosen (verb). In the second chapter we will present the different grammatical features of the adjective such as number, gender, race, formation of singular and indistinguishable adjectives and other elements that are necessary for the analysis of the work. After that, the work will be analyzed in terms of its compositional construction, which will address the way the author has described the environment where the events take place, the characteristics of the characters, etc. Next, we will focus on the analysis of the form of adjectives that we have encountered in the work “King of giants” by Kole Jakova. It is mentioned from the beginning that in the work we encounter more varieties than quantities of the use of adjectives. The analysis is done by extracting paragraphs from the work and underlining and commenting on all the adjectives that have been used. In this way, it can be said that the recognition of the object of study has been achieved, after all the adjectives that the author has used in the work “King of the giants” have been identified.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Techniques and Strategies of Communication and Cooperation with Colleagues Inside and Outside the School","authors":"Menada Petro","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The communication and cooperation with colleagues, has been seen that it affects the performance of teachers at school, their desire for work and the love and quality with which they conduct lessons, as well in creating a positive school climate although it is not talked too much and is not addressed in the various reports. This paper aims to develop and understand different forms of communication with colleagues in educational institutions, in order to increase and improve cooperation between them. The paper also aims to bring techniques and strategies that will increase the communication and cooperation skills between teachers, based on the review of a wide literature, its evaluation by bringing contemporary studies as well as different viewpoints regarding the relationship between the pedagogical staff in the school and outside of it. The cooperation helps the realization of the Individual Education Plan, but also the planning of educational work at school. This cooperation aligns work objectives to develop the student’s potential and to improve student’s results. A bad and non-cooperative relationship with colleagues and managers affects quality reduction. In most of their work, teachers are seen not only as transmitters of knowledge, but also as behavior models and educators of a new generation. It is thought that cooperation has an impact on the teacher’s performance, but also on the students’ performance and results. The article combines the researcher’s point of view, and gives some recommendations as well-planned implementation to successfully influence the collaborative process and progress, teaching staff must function as a team and abandon traditional norms of isolation and individualism. The investment in time to do this kind of practical and applied work should be accompanied by redesigned guidelines that are more coherent and structurally sound.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133818096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Culture in Story-Telling: The Case of American and Pakistani Story Pals","authors":"S. Riaz","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2016, a Colorado-based American non-profit organization working on providing free education to children living in the slum areas of Sheikhupura, Pakistan initiated a PenPal program between middle-schoolers at a Carbondale community school, a charter school in a middle to upper-class income neighborhood with middle-schoolers at the Sheikhupura non-profit school for underprivileged children. Volunteering with the organizations, the author initiated a co-construct story program between each student pair at the schools as a way to examine how children engage in meaning-making through shared symbols and narrate through their created characters and scenarios the personal experiences of their cultural environments. This paper is a content analysis of the co-constructed stories to highlight themes of sense of self, cultural capital, cultural influences, and conflict resolution in children’s narratives.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128197621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Opinions of Teachers and School Leaders on the Improvement of the Evaluation Process and the Influencing Factors in the Teacher Evaluation Process!","authors":"Klodiana Leka","doi":"10.2478/ejls-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ejls-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze the opinions of teachers and principals and to bring valuable facts on the perception of teachers regarding the evaluation that is given to them from the professional side, as well as on the perceptions of school principals on how this evaluation affects the improvement of teacher performance and increasing the quality of education in schools. This study aims to reflect the way teachers and school leaders perceive the evaluation policy towards them, the quality of this process, as well as the influencing factors in the teacher evaluation process. The purpose of this study is to discover and analyze the perceptions of teachers and school leaders about the teacher evaluation process, as well as to determine how this process can be improved. In order to give a more complete overview of the perceptions that teachers and leaders have about evaluation as well as the factors that influence this process, as well as to reach the most realistic findings and conclusions that serve the achievement of the research objectives, quantitative methods were used, as well as the analysis of primary and secondary data. The survey with teachers and leaders was carried out in some of the main and largest districts of the country such as Tirana, Durres, Korçe, Elbasan, Shkoder, Lushnje, Vlore and Fier, which make up the study population.","PeriodicalId":243759,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Language and Literature Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121589807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}