Ethics and Economics最新文献_第4页

A study of burnout and professional fulfilment among respiratory physicians (RP) in United Kingdom (UK) 英国呼吸内科医生(RP)职业倦怠与职业成就感的研究

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-09-28 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1976

S. Piracha, A. Raza, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, M. Saleem, M. Ganaie, U. Maqsood

{"title":"A study of burnout and professional fulfilment among respiratory physicians (RP) in United Kingdom (UK)","authors":"S. Piracha, A. Raza, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi, M. Saleem, M. Ganaie, U. Maqsood","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1976","url":null,"abstract":"Background: General Medical Council survey (GMC, National Training Surveys 2018: Initial findings report) states that a quarter of medical trainees and over a fifth of trainers have reported burnout due to various reasons. Respiratory medicine is one of the more intense specialties in terms of workload and patient acuity. Aim: We aimed to study professional fulfilment (PF) and burnout among UK RP. Methods: 16-question survey, PF Index (PFI) as a validated tool (Trokel M, Bohman B et al. Academic Psychiatry 2018;42(1):11-24), was designed using Google Forms and sent to 14 deaneries across UK. Data was collected on RPs’ job role, age group, gender, job plan (i.e. general medicine (GIM) on-call commitment) and opinion on the leading causes of burnout. Results: 110 RP completed the survey. 43 (76.8%) consultants and 44 (91.7%) trainee registrars (TR) lacked professional fulfillment. 27 (48.2%) consultants and 26 (54.2%) TR were found to have burnout. All non-training registrars (n=6) were deficient of PF and had burnout. Participants rated Rota Gaps as the leading cause for burnout, while GIM on-call commitment and lack of respect from administrators were voted 2nd and 3rd respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of burnout and scarcity of PF is much more profound among RP when comparing with similar studies in general medicine. Interestingly most of this is related to mandatory contribution to GIM on-calls than respiratory medicine and pose a threat to recruitment and retention. Ongoing rota gaps is a grave concern especially in wake of Brexit. We recommend running this survey on a wider forum to get thorough results and to take remedies against the leading causes.","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132169467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Late Breaking Abstract - Budget impact of introducing 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet for house dust mite allergic asthma in Spain 最新突破摘要-西班牙引进12SQ HDM裂片治疗屋尘螨过敏性哮喘的预算影响

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-09-28 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1963

C. D. Ribas, Ernesto Enrique Miranda, E. M. Moragón, Inmaculada Sánchez-Guerrero Villajos, Adolfo Galán Vivó, Emma Martínez Savoini, C. Minarro, Mercedes Romano Rodriguez

{"title":"Late Breaking Abstract - Budget impact of introducing 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet for house dust mite allergic asthma in Spain","authors":"C. D. Ribas, Ernesto Enrique Miranda, E. M. Moragón, Inmaculada Sánchez-Guerrero Villajos, Adolfo Galán Vivó, Emma Martínez Savoini, C. Minarro, Mercedes Romano Rodriguez","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1963","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet (Acarizax®) is an oral lyophilisate house dust mite (HDM) standardised allergen extract, indicated for HDM allergic rhinitis and asthma, that has proved a reduction in time to first moderate/severe asthma exacerbations under ICS reduction Objectives: To estimate the cost implications of initiating the 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet in mild and moderate partially controlled asthma patients in Spain Methods: A 3-year budget impact (BI) model was developed to explore the financial outcomes of use of the 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet as add-on to maintenance medication, using Spanish epidemiological and patient management data. Inputs were obtained from literature and clinical expert opinion: allergic asthma prevalence, medical resources associated with management, exacerbations rate, and healthcare resource use associated with exacerbations. Based on unit costs for drug and medical resources, total costs in scenarios with and without the 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet were determined to estimate the budget impact from a health provider perspective Results: The potential candidate population to receive the 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet during three years was estimated at 3,291, 4,565 and 5,719, respectively. There would be a reduction in the cost of exacerbations of 660,331€ (1.8%), ranging from 1,678,696 to 484,774€ in the most and less favorable scenarios analyzed. Total budget, including drug cost, patient management and exacerbations would increase 2.73% (6,728,196€) the upper and lower values ranging from a 0.06% to a 3.02% Conclusions: The introduction of the 12SQ HDM SLIT-tablet in asthma has potential to reduce the budget impact of asthma exacerbations management in by 1.8%, with a limited total BI","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129493191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in drug costs and overall survival in patients diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的药物成本和总生存期趋势

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-09-28 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1970

C. C. V. D. Welle, B. Peters, M. Deenen, F. Schramel, E. Garde

{"title":"Trends in drug costs and overall survival in patients diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","authors":"C. C. V. D. Welle, B. Peters, M. Deenen, F. Schramel, E. Garde","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1970","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Value-Based Health Care (VBHC) concept defines patient value as patient relevant outcomes divided by costs. The aim of the present study is to explore systemic treatment costs versus overall survival (OS) over years. Methods: All patients diagnosed (in 2008-2014) with stage IV NSCLC and treated with systemic treatment in five Dutch large teaching hospitals (Santeon network) were included. We collected data on OS and amounts of drug units (mg) for every drug in the applied systemic cancer treatments up to death. These amounts were multiplied by Dutch unit costs (cost/mg) expressed in EUR 2018 to construct total drug costs per line of treatment per patient. Costs for day care visits were added, if applicable. Results: Data was collected from 983 patients. Figure 1 shows the mean total drug costs (split per line of treatment), median OS, and ratio between total costs and OS per year of diagnosis. The mean total drug costs per one year of survival ranged from €13.168 to €20.767 during the period under study. The use of maintenance therapy results in higher total drug costs in patients diagnosed in 2011 and 2012. Conclusion: This study shows that systemic treatment costs increase over time without survival improvements. Evaluating additional patient relevant outcomes such as quality of life will be helpful to better understand the added patient value of newer therapies in the future.","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126993732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cost Analysis Of An Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit. Is It Really Efficient And Safe? 中级呼吸护理单位的成本分析。它真的有效和安全吗?

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-09-28 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1972

Sara B. Heili Frades Zimmermann, María del Pilar Carballosa de Miguel, M. Lozano, X. Garcia, I. M. Fernández, Itziar Fernández Ormaechea, Laura Alvarez Suarez, Farah Ezzine de Blas, Alba Naya Prieto, María José Checa Venegas, N. G. Mangado, G. P. Barba

{"title":"Cost Analysis Of An Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit. Is It Really Efficient And Safe?","authors":"Sara B. Heili Frades Zimmermann, María del Pilar Carballosa de Miguel, M. Lozano, X. Garcia, I. M. Fernández, Itziar Fernández Ormaechea, Laura Alvarez Suarez, Farah Ezzine de Blas, Alba Naya Prieto, María José Checa Venegas, N. G. Mangado, G. P. Barba","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1972","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Historically it has been assumed that the Intermediate Respiratory Care Units (IRCU) were efficient hospital structures mainly due to the avoided costs attributable to the reduction of stay in the intensive care units (ICU) and effective because of their pulmonology specialization. Methods: We evaluated admissions and mortality in the unit, historically and in 2016. In that year, the Related Diagnostic Groups were described as well as the avoided cost per ICU stay based on all budget chapters. A multivariate analysis was performed to associate costs to average weights and complexity, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on all patients admitted from 2004 to 2017 to describe the variables associated with mortality in our unit. Results: An IRCU avoids a cost to the hospital of 500,000 euros / year by reducing days of stay in the ICU. The 2016 Poisson Regression analysis relate costs to mortality and average weiths. The multivariate logistic regression analysis describes the respiratory frequency, leukopenia, anemia, hyperkalemia and acidosis as the variables that are best associated with mortality. The Area Under the Curve (AUC )for the logistic model was 0.75. Conclusion: The present study describes, on the one hand, the efficiency in the form of “avoided cost” and, on the other hand, confirms that it is a safe environment for patients by markedly reducing the mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114464676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cost burden in COPD patients initiating ICS vs. non-ICS maintenance regimens COPD患者启动ICS与非ICS维持方案的成本负担

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-09-28 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1969

S. Palli, A. Buikema, M. Ducharme, Amy Johnson, M. Frazer, J. Elder

{"title":"Cost burden in COPD patients initiating ICS vs. non-ICS maintenance regimens","authors":"S. Palli, A. Buikema, M. Ducharme, Amy Johnson, M. Frazer, J. Elder","doi":"10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1969","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 2019 GOLD recommendations recognize LAMA/LABA mono/dual therapy as the foundation of COPD maintenance therapy, reserving ICS-containing regimens only after assessing risk/benefit due to possible AEs (e.g., pneumonia). Yet, evidence suggests GOLD inconsistent prescribing practices of ICS containing therapies across all COPD severities potentially lead to substantial unnecessary, avoidable burden. Aim: Assess COPD- and COPD/pneumonia-related differences in pre-post annual cost burden among patients initiating ICS vs. non-ICS maintenance regimens in a real-world, U.S. Medicare-advantage Part D prescription coverage population. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 40+ aged COPD patients initiating an ICS (LABA/ICS or LAMA/LABA/ICS) or non-ICS regimen (LAMA or LAMA/LABA) between 1/1/14-6/30/16, with ≥12 months of pre- and post-index medical and pharmacy continuous eligibility in the Optum® Research Database. Index date was start of ≥30 consecutive days of first treatment regimen (mutually exclusive). Pre- and post-index 12-month COPD- and COPD/pneumonia-related health-plan paid total (medical+pharmacy) cost differences (Δ) per cohort were calculated. Results: ICS (N=11,348) and non-ICS (N=6,633) cohorts had similar demographic and comorbidity burden. Total annual COPD-related pre-post cost Δ for ICS vs. non-ICS cohorts were $3,749±325 and $3,624±336 respectively. Accounting for pneumonia increased them to $4,013±529 and $3,643±570 respectively. The between-cohort Δ were not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was a small increase in post-initiation COPD burden for ICS vs. non-ICS patients ($125/patient) that becomes numerically larger when accounting for pneumonia ($370).","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125578342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing plastic waste, carbon footprint and cost: inhaler recycling at Musgrove Park Hospital 减少塑料废物、碳足迹和成本:马斯格罗夫公园医院的吸入器回收

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3158

A. Dipper, L. Anning, A. Zorzi, L. Thrush, T. Schulz, D. Higbee, Prateek Nalwaya, Alexander Maidwell-Smith, J. Pepperell

{"title":"Reducing plastic waste, carbon footprint and cost: inhaler recycling at Musgrove Park Hospital","authors":"A. Dipper, L. Anning, A. Zorzi, L. Thrush, T. Schulz, D. Higbee, Prateek Nalwaya, Alexander Maidwell-Smith, J. Pepperell","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wasted medication costs the NHS £300 million per year (Trueman, P et al. Evaluation of the Scale, Causes and Costs of Waste Medicines. YHEC/School of Pharmacy, University of London. 2010). As potent greenhouse gases, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in metered dose inhalers (MDIs) produce 8% of the NHS’ carbon footprint (Hillman, T et al. BMJ 2013; 346: f3359). Aim: To collect inhaler devices for recycling, quantify wasted doses and their environmental impact. Methods: We collected inhalers over 90 days at our district general hospital. Number, device type and remaining doses were recorded. Devices without a counter were listed as either ‘empty’ or ‘doses remaining’. We calculated the financial cost of wasted doses and the carbon footprint of MDIs. All devices were sent to the ‘Complete the Cycle’ recycling scheme. Results: There were 481 inhalers collected with 34 device types. 41 capsule devices were excluded. Of returned inhalers, 77.3% had doses remaining. 43 (9.8%) were full, costing £1209. There were 8546 unused doses from 201 inhalers with counters. 71.8% of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and 79.9% of MDIs had doses remaining. Assuming the MDIs as 50% full on average, our collection represented 2.63 tonnes of equivalent CO2 (CO2e) emissions which may otherwise have been released into the environment, equivalent to 120 return journeys from London to Paris by Eurostar, or 10.8 return flights. Conclusion: There were significant remaining doses in returned inhalers, likely underestimating true inhaler waste. Waste prevention and considering alternatives to inhaled HFCs in addition to recycling are essential as healthcare systems strive to reduce carbon emissions with ever-constrained budgets.","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"204 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114029652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Direct/Indirect costs and QoL in Greek patients with COPD and Bronchial Asthma 希腊COPD合并支气管哮喘患者的直接/间接成本和生活质量

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa3159

V. Zarogoulidou, M. Arvanitidou-Vagiona, D. Papakosta, T. Kontakiotis, D. Ioannidou, M. Mavroudi, P. Zarogoulidis, Konstantinos Porpodis, Michail Siarkos, K. Zarogoulidis

引用次数: 0

An audit of supplemental oxygen prescribing practices in an inpatient setting and its financial burden. 审计补充氧气处方做法在住院设置和其财政负担。

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3160

Sridesh Nath, Sarath G Nath, S. Kumar, Fei Yang Liang, C. Abrahim, Naila Shereen, Jason P. Green, Miguel Ramírez, A. Burza, P. Geraghty

{"title":"An audit of supplemental oxygen prescribing practices in an inpatient setting and its financial burden.","authors":"Sridesh Nath, Sarath G Nath, S. Kumar, Fei Yang Liang, C. Abrahim, Naila Shereen, Jason P. Green, Miguel Ramírez, A. Burza, P. Geraghty","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3160","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health care cost is 17.6% of GDP in the USA and 8%, is lost due to unnecessary services. In a resource-limited world, significant emphasis should be on prudent and practical use without wastage. Supplemental oxygen is very frequently prescribed, improperly monitored and poorly titrated, especially in the inpatient setting. Overuse of supplemental oxygen causes airway dryness and potential harm in addition to being an added financial burden. Evidence on how frequently supplemental oxygen is overprescribed and insufficiently monitored in an underserved community is lacking. Methods: 1161 inpatients in a Brooklyn state hospital were reviewed prospectively and patients on supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula were identified. Patients on supplemental oxygen were examined and electronic medical records were reviewed for an indication of use(Objectively and subjectively). Results: Of all 1161 patients reviewed, 121 (10.4%) were on supplemental oxygen. Among the 121 patients, only 23 (19%) had a clear indication for oxygen supplementation. Among the 121 patients on supplemental oxygen 64 (53%) had no active order for supplementation while 69 (57%) had no continuous bedside pulse oximetry monitoring. The mean dose of supplemental oxygen was 2.5 L/min. Conclusion: In our hospital, 1 in 10 inpatients are on supplemental oxygen and 80% of oxygen supplementation is without a clear indication. For an average use of 2.5 liters/min of supplemental oxygen for 24 hours the projected financial implication is to the tune of $250. These issues can be addressed and potentially decreased by education of healthcare professionals as well as improved auditing of oxygen supplementation.","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132123146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Late Breaking Abstract - Assessing epidemiology and costs of asthma and COPD in Switzerland with health insurance data 摘要:用健康保险数据评估瑞士哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病的流行病学和成本

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3150

M. Schmidt, B. Brunner, S. Wieser, R. Rapold, E. Blozik

{"title":"Late Breaking Abstract - Assessing epidemiology and costs of asthma and COPD in Switzerland with health insurance data","authors":"M. Schmidt, B. Brunner, S. Wieser, R. Rapold, E. Blozik","doi":"10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Asthma and COPD are chronic respiratory diseases with substantial burden. Only appropriate treatment and disease management can reduce symptoms and treatment costs. Such evidence is sparse though, especially in Switzerland. Objective: To assess the costs of asthma and COPD by severity according to GINA and GOLD treatment guidelines in Switzerland. Methods: We used 2016 Swiss health insurance data. Patients were identified as asthma and COPD patients if they had received at least one drug of the R03 group in the ATC drug classification. Differentiation between asthma and COPD patients was carried out in two steps: First, patients were directly assigned to one or the other disease based on disease specific drugs, inpatient diagnoses, age, medical examinations and devices. Second, a statistical model was developed to classify patients that could not be classified in the first step. Disease severity was assessed based on medication. GINA and GOLD treatment steps served as proxy for disease severity. Results: Prevalence of treated asthma was estimated at 5.1% to 6.4% and at 2.6% to 4.5% for COPD in patients over the age of 30. Directs medical costs were estimated at 137m to 175m Euro for asthma and at 165m to 204m Euro for COPD. Indirect costs were estimated at 217m to 280m Euro for asthma and 204m to 677m Euro for COPD. Costs were increasing with severity for both diseases. Conclusions: This is the first study using Swiss health insurance data in this context. Such data are highly valuable because of their high accuracy. Evidence on severity distribution and corresponding costs may help identify weaknesses in treatment and reduce costs by attaining better disease control.","PeriodicalId":243267,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127281817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-effectiveness of the fixed-dose combination tiotropium + olodaterol based on the DYNAGITO trial results 基于DYNAGITO试验结果的固定剂量噻托溴铵+洛daterol组合的成本效益

Ethics and Economics Pub Date : 2018-09-15 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA3153

M. Hoogendoorn, I. C. Ramos, M. Baldwin, L. Luciani, C. Fabron, B. Detournay, M. R. Mölken

引用次数: 2