2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)最新文献

{"title":"Enabling Simulation Interoperability between International Standards in the Space Domain","authors":"E. Crues, Dan Dexter, A. Falcone, A. Garro, B. Möller","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932039","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the design and development of space systems are conducted cooperatively by historical space agencies in this area such as NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, and JAXA together with their industrial partners. The space system lifecycle is characterized by high costs, uncertain conditions, and dangerous scenarios. To mitigate these issues, space agencies rely heavily on Modelling and Simulation as a key technology to support the analysis, design, and operation of space systems. To support large-scale distributed simulations, the scientific community has developed several standards to support the reuse and interoperability of simulation models such as IEEE 1516 High-Level Architecture (HLA), Real-time Platform Reference Federation Object Model (RPR FOM), Simulation Model Portability (SMP), and the novel Space Reference Federation Object Model (SpaceFOM). While the SpaceFOM standard has been specifically conceptualized for handling space systems, the other ones are more general-purpose and can be used to design and simulate generic complex systems. As a consequence, there is a lake of rules and guidelines to enable interoperability among these standards. The paper presents solutions and experiences for enabling interoperability and transferability of HLA, RPR FOM, and SMP simulation models with SpaceFOM.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131407782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DAG Scheduling Considering Parallel Execution for High-Load Processing on Clustered Many-core Processors","authors":"Ryo Okamura, Takuya Azumi","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932084","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, high computational power has been required for computer platforms to support complex systems such as self-driving systems. Clustered many-core processors and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), which can represent dependencies and parallelism of task processing, have attracted much attention as solutions to this problem. Previous studies on scheduling DAGs on multi-core processors have attempted to reduce the makespan (i.e., time it takes for a task to complete) by increasing the number of processes that can be executed in parallel. However, in self-driving systems, such as those utilizing clustered many-core processors, it is impossible to sufficiently increase the utilization of processor cores due to high-load processing. In this paper, a scheduling method is proposed to improve the utilization of processor cores by parallel executing high-load processes in parallel across multiple cores. The proposed method can reduce the makespan of DAGs performing high-load processing on clustered many-core processors.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124265112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an efficient cost function equation for DDR SDRAM interference analysis on heterogeneous MPSoCs","authors":"Alfonso Mascareñas González, J. Chaudron, F. Boniol, Y. Bouchebaba, Jean-Loup Bussenot","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932064","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time applications must finish their execution within an imposed deadline to function correctly. DDR memory interference on multicore platforms can make tasks overpass their respective deadline, leading to critical errors. Bandwidth regulators and SDRAM bank partitioning are examples of techniques used to mitigate or avoid this interference type. Another possibility is to optimally place tasks and memory on the platform, i.e., task/memory mapping optimization. The algorithms used for finding optimal mapping solutions work using a cost function that indicates the fitness of the found solution. In this work, we propose a DDR SDRAM cost function that estimates the worst-case execution time for a giving map, and hence, implementable in an optimization algorithm. Our cost function considers the DDR memory device operation, the SoC manufacturer memory controller, the heterogeneity of the platform and the characteristics of the tasks to map. The cost function is evaluated by measuring directly the interference from the heterogeneous MPSoCs Keystone II and Sitara AM5728 by Texas Instruments.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114475692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NBCC: Simulation of a new Caching strategy using Naive Bayes Classifier in NDN","authors":"Abdelkader Tayeb Herouala, B. Ziani, Kerrache Chaker Abdelaziz, C. Calafate, N. Lagraa, Juan-Carlos Cano","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932128","url":null,"abstract":"Named Data Networking (NDN) is attracting increasing attention from researchers and companies due to its characteristics and its promised results as a better alternative to the current TCP/IP Internet. Among these features are the use of names instead of addresses, and the use of caches in the nodes. Both have proved to be an excellent addition to network functionality that allow receiving information from a nearby location while relieving the pressure on the main servers. Yet, caches are still limited compared to the huge amount of data consumed. Most research has focused on finding and caching the most relevant data, to retrieve it in the future from the nearest point. Most research agrees that the data that needs to be stored is the one that is constantly requested by many consumers, and this theory has been generally effective in most research works. However, high data consumption levels are not always considered important, especially in academic or corporate environment. This is particularly true whenever the consumption of data associated to the institution’s own servers is very low compared to the other data, such as entertainment videos and private messages from social networking sites. Hence, the data that is stored and delivered in a short time is not essential for these institutions. Also, the servers that are discharged from the pressure are not affiliated with these institutions either. The existence of these cases proved by our study on real consumption data belonging to the Amar Telidji University of Laghouat in Algeria, where we found through simulations that only 4% of the overall traffic is associated with data belonging to the university itself. In this paper, we propose a new placement strategy named NBCC (Naive Bayes Classifier for Caching). The NBCC is used to cache the imported data by classifying the received content using a Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier that can classify the received data using only their names. The strategy is shown to be effective and provides the best results compared to other state-of-art strategies.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue Danube: A Large-Scale, End-to-End Synchronous, Distributed Data Stream Processing Architecture for Time-Sensitive Applications","authors":"P. Michael, P. Tsanakas, D. S. Parker","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932034","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive list of time-sensitive applications requiring ultra-low latency ranging from a few microseconds to a few milliseconds are presented in recent publications and IEEE standards. Time-sensitive applications, include industrial, critical healthcare and transportation applications as also applications for Smart Grids and the Internet of Vehicles – one of the most active research fields of Intelligent Transportation Systems of Smart Cities. In this work, we mainly set our focus on the suite of safety applications which attracts strong interest from the research community, as it aims to avoid road accidents and save lives. The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) set of standards specifies fundamental real-time characteristics. Nevertheless, as TSN works on Data Link layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model) the benefits of these characteristics fade away when other layers are crossed from the Application layer (Layer 7). Indicatively, recent research works report latencies on the order of tens of seconds when benchmarking Data Stream Processing and IoT platforms, and thus they are not suited for time-critical applications. Such platforms mainly use loosely coupled components with asynchronous communication. On Application layer, we propose a novel End-to-End Synchronous, Distributed Architecture for Large-Scale, High-Bandwidth, Ultra-Low Latency Data Stream Processing. Through our Big Data Stream analysis experiments (4.7 Gbit/s total average aggregated throughput, 1 Terabyte in-memory distributed database, 4 milliseconds average query latency) we have demonstrated the suitability of our architecture for time-sensitive applications such as accident avoidance for the Internet of Vehicles.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115788172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Accuracy and Performance of Spiking Neural Network Simulations","authors":"Adriano Pimpini, Andrea Piccione, Alessandro Pellegrini","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932062","url":null,"abstract":"Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a class of Artificial Neural Networks that show a time behaviour that cannot be computed with single one-shot functions. Therefore, to study their evolution over time, simulations are typically employed. Typical simulation approaches rely on time-stepped simulations, while more recent works have highlighted the opportunity to rely on Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) for improved accuracy. In particular, Speculative PDES has been shown to be a suitable simulation paradigm to deal with the peculiar temporal domain of SNNs. In this paper, we perform an experimental evaluation of these two different approaches, showing the implications on both simulation performance and accuracy. Our assessment showcases that Parallel Discrete Event Simulation can deliver good scaling on parallel architectures while offering more accurate results.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Speculative Synchronization Algorithms for Continuous-Time Agent-Based Simulations","authors":"Philipp Andelfinger, Andrea Piccione, Alessandro Pellegrini, A. Uhrmacher","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932067","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous-time agent-based models often represent tightly-coupled systems in which an agent’s state transitions occur in close interaction with neighboring agents. Without artificial discretization, the potential for near-instantaneous propagation of effects across the model presents a challenge to parallelizing their execution. Although existing algorithms can tackle the largely unpredictable nature of such simulations through speculative execution, they are subject to trade-offs concerning the degree of optimism, the probability and cost of rollbacks, and the exploitation of locality. This paper is aimed at understanding the suitability of asynchronous and synchronous parallel simulation algorithms when executing continuous-time agent-based models with rate-driven stochastic transitions. We present extensive measurement results comparing optimized implementations under various configurations of a parametrizable simulation model of the epidemic spread of disease. Our results show that the amount of locality in the agent interactions is the decisive factor for the relative performance of the approaches. Based on profiling results, we identify remaining hurdles for higher simulation performance with the two classes of algorithms and outline potential refinements.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-DEVS CO2 Models With Occupants and Ducts","authors":"M. Al-Saeedi, Gabriel A. Wainer","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932051","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-DEVS is a formalism that enables the simulation of cellular models asynchronously with different timing delays. Indoor CO2 diffusion by breathing occupants has been studied taking into consideration room dimensions, ventilation, doors, windows, and occupants as a source. We present a method to define floor plans, and create 2D or 3D models quickly. We added ducts between rooms and show the indoor concentration and diffusion of CO2 with the presence of these ducts.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114304435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Modularity based Clustering for Portfolio Allocation: a Monte-Carlo Simulation Study","authors":"S. Ferretti, Sara Montagna","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932110","url":null,"abstract":"The need for effective simulation techniques, when studying the performance of portfolio investments in financial applications, was recognized since it was observed that backtesting typically introduces significant bias. However, while Monte Carlo simulations are commonly used in this application scenario, up to now no general frameworks have been proposed. This paper describes a general modeling and simulation framework that is used to study how allocation schemes perform when different synthetic time series generation models are employed. Moreover, we devised a novel portfolio allocation scheme where assets are nodes of a complex network and communities of correlated assets are detected and measured by means of modularity. Allocation is than obtained by equally distributing weights among different communities. We compare this novel scheme against state-of-the-art approaches in various scenarios, under Gaussian, Geometric Brownian motion and ARFIMA generation models. Results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the others in many scenarios.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126761127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed Simulation for Digital Twins: an Application to Support the Autonomous Robotics for the Extended Ship","authors":"Francesco Longo, A. Padovano, Lorenzo Caputi, G. Gatti, P. Fragiacomo, Virginia D’Augusta, Simone Talarico","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT55542.2022.9932057","url":null,"abstract":"A Digital Twin (DT) helps people enhance their visibility of the system’s current state and understand/predict its behavior under different conditions. The systems being twinned (e.g. defense, manufacturing, logistics, computer and network systems) are typically very complex and require significant effort to model and track. This paper discusses how Distributed Simulation (DS) can support DTs thanks to a network of distributed computing resources. DS can speed up the execution of simulation programs in DTs (and therefore the time taken to analyze the behavior of a system) and link together simulations to support composability and reusability during the development of DTs. A distributed real-time simulation environment based on the IEEE 1516 High Level Architecture Standard (HLA) has been developed in the case of the DT of an Underwater Unmanned Vehicles (UUV), intended to extend the ship capabilities. In this study, major Italian stakeholders, working in the maritime domain, are developing a number of tools and enabling technologies needed for the practical implementation of an extended ship with a fleet of underwater and surface drones and found in the HLA-based DS a perfect solution for a simulation-based DT.","PeriodicalId":243042,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 26th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}