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Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism最新文献

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Eternity in Post-Conflict Constitutions 冲突后宪法中的永恒
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0003
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Eternity in Post-Conflict Constitutions","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyses eternity clauses as drafting mechanisms that facilitate and safeguard post-conflict constitution-making. It discloses the constitutional bargaining dynamics specific to conflict-affected settings and reveals the largely ignored function of unamendability. It also highlights three distinctive roles played by post-conflict unamendability: signalling compliance with international norms, ensuring electoral turnover, and insulating political and military elites. This chapter shows how contested and sometimes incoherent the unamendable values in post-conflict constitutions can be, reflecting the messiness of constitution-making processes in certain contexts. It outlines the risks associated with expecting too much from eternity clauses in fraught state-building settings that are habitually characterized by institutional weakness and shifting political commitments.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133526987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eternity and Expressive Values 永恒与表达价值
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0004
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Eternity and Expressive Values","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter scrutinizes the literature on constitutional identity, within which eternity clauses are viewed as repositories of the constitution's core values. It analyses unamendability as the site of constitutional expression and eternity clauses as capable of defending against attacks on the integrity and identity of the entire constitution. It also highlights serious problems with importing the sociological concept of identity into constitutional theory's arsenal. This chapter shows that the concept relies on particular understandings of both liberal constitutionalism and pluralism, as well as on a presumed pacified and coherent constitutional ethos. The concept obscures the deep and continuous contestation of the core constitutional commitments rendered unamendable. The chapter also discusses the rise of constitutional identity review as a form of resistance to supranational integration in Europe.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116716365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eternity and Democratic Precommitment 永恒与民主承诺
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0002
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Eternity and Democratic Precommitment","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines eternity clauses as mechanisms of constitutional precommitment and as tools for defending democracy in the face of anti-democratic forces. It looks at two broad categories of eternity clauses: provisions protecting state fundamentals and provisions defending democratic pluralism. It also analyses understandings of unamendability as either merely descriptive or as preservative of a core of liberal constitutionalism by assessing the operation of eternity clauses in practice. This chapter discusses unamendable provisions as dealing in imponderables and enshrining values that need judicial specification. It shows how precommitment and militant promise are entirely dependent on other elements of the constitutional architecture, in particular constitutional review. The chapter explains how this results in court self-empowerment and unduly limiting the scope of permitted constitutional change in the name of democracy.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116256110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relinquishing Eternity 放弃永恒
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0008
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Relinquishing Eternity","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the possibility of repealing eternity clauses and renouncing doctrines of implicit unamendability. It looks at two case studies from Turkey and India, where backtracking from an eternity clause and basic structure doctrine were debated and ultimately rejected. It also explores the possibility of placing judicial doctrines of unamendability on formal constitutional footing and discusses the impact of this move on constitutional adjudication. This chapter examines the distinctions upon which unamendability repeal rests, such as between constitutional amendment and constitutional revision, between formal and informal amendments, and between amendment and revolution. It shows how pushing back against unamendability is very difficult through formal constitutional change and unlikely through judicial interpretation.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129469567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eternity Faces ‘the People’ 永恒面对“人民”
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0007
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Eternity Faces ‘the People’","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at a trend that seemingly contradicts the global rise of eternity clauses: popular participation in constitution-making processes. It discusses whether the deeper democratic embeddedness of constitutions as pursued through participatory processes can help address democratic anxiety about eternity clauses. It maps several processes of constitution-making that can be characterized as participatory, with a view to determining whether unamendability was incorporated into the final constitutional drafts, how it was debated, and why alternative design choices have been adopted. This chapter seeks to test empirically those theoretical arguments about eternity clauses that view them as repositories of constituent intent. It also explores eternity clauses as the high point of the battle between rigidity and openness in constitutional design.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129794526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eternity in a Global Context 全球背景下的永恒
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0006
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Eternity in a Global Context","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyses eternity clauses in a transnational context, as part of the story of the internationalized nature of constitution-making processes and the growing diffusion of global values in democratic constitutionalism. It explains this diffusion along two axes: the internationalization of constitutional authorship and the rise of international and regional organizations as constitutional norm entrepreneurs. The chapter also describes the adjudication of unamendability as transnationally embedded, which takes the form of national courts that rely on international law or a transnational referent when developing unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrines. It also explores the possibility of international courts developing supranational forms of unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrines. This chapter raises awareness about the impact of the transnational on the content and authorship of eternity clauses, but also cautions against assuming positive transnational engagement in the adjudication of unamendability. The chapter highlights the mounting backlash against universalistic values and international law as anchors to ground and orient unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrines.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127038568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Eternity as Judicially Created Doctrine 永恒是司法创造的教义
Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0005
S. Şuteu
{"title":"Eternity as Judicially Created Doctrine","authors":"S. Şuteu","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858867.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on implicit unamendability and looks at the spread of unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrines. It discusses the understanding of unamendability as a necessary implication of liberal constitutions in general, whether supplementing or absent any formal eternity clause in the constitutional text. It examines arguments about why courts should recognize an unamendable constitutional core even where the constitution itself is silent on this matter. This chapter also investigates where to locate the elements of the constitutional core and how to restrain unamendability doctrines in order to prevent judicial overreach. It explains how judicially created unamendability is prone to both over- and under-reach in concrete adjudication. It reviews the birth of the basic structure doctrine in India and traces its global influence, as well as demands to develop unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrines in response to democratic backsliding.","PeriodicalId":241615,"journal":{"name":"Eternity Clauses in Democratic Constitutionalism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129555465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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