Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Prediction of Groundwater Potential of Upper Tigris Basin Mapping in the Turkey with GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) Method","authors":"R. Çelik","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1358155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1358155","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Tigris region in the Middle East is in Turkey and this study shows it to be an area with significant water resources that enable agricultural activities in the region. Since the GAP irrigation project has not been completed yet, there is an extensive use of groundwater for irrigation. This situation threatens the groundwater potential of the basin in a negative manner. Therefore, determination of groundwater potential should be evaluated properly instead of approving the groundwater potential of the region with observation wells, which is a more costly method. In this study, the groundwater potential of the basin was calculated by the GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method via main elements affecting groundwater formation. The GIS-based-AHP method is used for identifying the groundwater potential zones of the Upper Tigris Basin as an alternative to expensive and time-consuming method of well drilling. There are 8 key criteria taken into account; Geomorphology (GM), Geology(G), Line Density (LD), Slope (SL), Drainage Density (DD), Land Use (LU), Rainfall (R), and Soil Type (ST) and the individual weight of each criterion was evaluated by the AHP technique and utilized by the “Spatial Analysis Overlay Weighted Method” obtaining the “Groundwater Potential Index (GWPI)”. The GWPI values obtained is used to classify the Upper Tigris Basin into five categories as follows: 319 km2 of the basin has very poor potential (3.8%); 2217 km2 has poor potential (26.7%); 2800 km2 has moderate potential (33.7%); 2200 km2 has good potential (26.5%); and finally, 763 km2 has very good potential (9.2%).","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"28 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Tests of Structural Post-Tensioned Glass T-Beams","authors":"Emrullah Koca, A. Turer","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1405084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1405084","url":null,"abstract":"Glass manifests superior properties with high strength and transparency although it may not be considered as a commonly used structural material. This study targets to improve the structural performance of glass by post-tensioning; a series of T-shaped glass beams are tested to develop a proper and safe design. Traditionally, glass is widely used in buildings as windows where its brittleness and strength capacity are not significant. Architects prefer to use glass in the structural field because of aesthetics, recyclability, and transparency. Although there is more demand for the usage of glass as a structural material, a common fear of its brittle nature and lack of research about its structural behavior have mostly hindered it. Since glass is a brittle material and has high compressive strength in the order of 400 to 800 MPa and lower tensile strength (40 to 120 MPa), post-tensioning to target distributed loads is investigated to increase its fracture capacity and even obtain a post-cracking ductile behavior. In this study, several material tests are conducted to confirm the theoretical mechanical properties of glass. After obtaining the bending and compressive strength of the glass, Finite Element Models (FEMs) of the T-beams were generated and analytical hand calculations were conducted. The tests of T-shaped annealed (float) and tempered (toughened) glass beams with and without post-tensioning were conducted. The results of the experiments were compared with the analytical hand calculations and FEM results. A favorable outcome of this study is that float glass’ post cracking strength has been drastically increased and a ductile post-cracking performance is obtained. Tempered glass has a brittle response but with much higher strength, with about 4 times the capacity of annealed glass T-beams","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainwater Harvesting System Analysis for Semi-Arid Climate: A Daily Linear Programming Model","authors":"M. Ruso, B. Akıntuğ, E. Kentel","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1326198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1326198","url":null,"abstract":"Rainwater harvesting has proven to be an alternative water supply scheme for sustainable water management of regions with limited water resources. In this paper, a linear programming (LP) model with daily time steps, which minimizes a rooftop rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) cost, is developed and used to calculate the optimum RWH tank size. The developed LP model is applied to the semi-arid Northern Cyprus in the Eastern Mediterranean. The analysis is carried out for 33 sites which receive average annual rainfall ranging from 292 mm to 548 mm to evaluate the spatial effect of rainfall characteristic and the water cost on the financial feasibility and performance of the RWHS. At 29 out of 33 sites, RWHS investments are found to be financially feasible with discounted payback periods ranging from 12 to 28 years. The optimum RWH tank sizes are determined to be between 2 m3 and 6 m3 resulting in up to 20 % reliability with more than 50 m3 of average annual water savings per house. It is observed that the cost of water is a critical factor that affects the financial feasibility and water savings of a RWHS, especially in regions with limited rainfall. The comparison of the developed daily LP model with an LP model with monthly time steps demonstrates that the financial feasibility and the optimum tank size can only be assessed realistically when daily time steps are used. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that the discounted payback period is highly sensitive to the collector area.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Experiments on B58 Type Railway Sleepers with Different Dosages of Steel Fibers","authors":"Ercan Kasapoğlu, T. Haktanir","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1394166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1394166","url":null,"abstract":"The flexural strengths and toughnesses of 15 post-tensioned B58 type railway sleepers produced at the Turkish State Railroads Sivas Plant using C40 class concrete with addition of hooked steel fibers at dosages of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 kg/m3 were experimentally determined. Four-point flexural experiments were applied to them in one month after their production and proper curing. Three cylindrical samples of 15×30 cm dimensions taken from the first and the fourth batches apiece were subjected to standard compression tests with compressometer rings mounted on each sample after having been cured in 21 °C water tank for 28 days, resulting in their compressive strengths and elasticity moduluses. Modeling a railway sleeper as a post-tensioned reinforced-concrete beam, the maximum load it can resist in the experimented configuration was calculated by the ultimate-strength method using its dimensions and material properties. The experimentally-measured maximum load carried by the reference sleeper without any steel fibers was found to be 1.34 times the theoretically-calculated value, and the same ratio was found to be 1.59 for the sleepers having steel fibers of 40 kg/m3 dosage, accounting for an increase of 18%. And, the experimentally-measured toughness of the sleepers with 40 kg/m3 dosage steel fibers was found to be 23% greater than that of the reference sleepers.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"19 7S6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, İnşaat Sektöründe Meydana Gelen İş Kazalarının Analizi","authors":"Gürçağ Özgürer","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1296335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1296335","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışma, 2012-2021 yılları arasındaki 10 yıllık sürede Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC), inşaat sektöründe meydana gelen iş kazalarını, inşaat sektörünü oluşturan alt sektörlere göre analiz etmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. KKTC, Sosyal Sigortalar Dairesinden (SSD) alınan veriler doğrultusunda yapılan analizlerde; Ülke genelinde toplam 2,634 iş kazasının meydana geldiği, bu kazalardan 668 tanesinin inşaat sektöründe olduğu ve 23 tanesinin ölümle sonuçlandığı görülmektedir. 668 iş kazası içerisinde en fazla kazanın 401 iş kazası ile Lefkoşa ilçesinde meydana geldiği ve bu kazalardan dolayı çalışanlara toplam 55,037 gün geçici iş göremezlik ödeneği verildiği saptanmıştır. En fazla işyeri ve çalışanın bina inşaat ve tamiratı, bina yıkımı işleri, taşeronluğu alt sektöründe olduğu, en fazla iş kazasının ise 470 iş kazası ile yine bu alt sektörde gerçekleştiği görülmektedir. KKTC geneli ile kıyaslandığında Kaza Olabilirlik Oranlarının (KOO) inşaat sektöründe 2 katından fazla, Ölümlü Kaza Olabilirlik Oranlarında (ÖKOO) ise 3,5 katından fazla çıktığı görülmektedir.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Çekme Yüküne Maruz Betonarme Kazık Davranışının Orijinal Bir Kazık Yükleme Deneyi ve İmalat Yaklaşımı ile İncelenmesi","authors":"O. İnanir, Aykut Şenol, Mehmet Beri̇lgen","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1412047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1412047","url":null,"abstract":"Enstrümante edilmiş kazık yükleme deneyleri ile kazık boyunca oluşan yük dağılımının belirlenmesi, Performansa Dayalı Kazık Tasarımına (PDK-T) imkan vermekte ve temel kazıklarının tasarımındaki belirsizlikleri asgari düzeye indirmektedir. Ancak, çekme yüküne maruz betonarme kazıklarda (fore kazık, prekast çakma kazık, yerinde dökme çakma kazık Vibreks, vs.) oluşan çekme gerilmeleri sebebiyle oluşan çatlak gelişimi kazıklarda bütünlük ve uzun vadede durabilite problemlerini gündeme getirmektedir. Bu makalede çekme yüküne maruz betonarme kazık davranışının kazıklar ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda ara mesafesi yaklaşık 6m olan komşu iki kazık üzerinde eksenel statik çekme kazık yükleme deneyi (S-KYD/Ç) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kazık çekme deneylerinde birinci tip TK-2 (TİP-A) deney kazığı konvansiyonel olarak kazık başından çekilmesi ve ikinci tip ise TK-3 (TİP-B) ise özel bir tertibat ile kazık tabanından çekilecek şekilde imal edilmiştir. Kazık başından çekilmesi durumu (TİP-A) için deneyde uygulanan eksenel çekme yükü altında betonun çekme deformasyon kapasitesine ulaşıldığında çatlak gelişimi birim deformasyon ölçümlerinde tespit edilmiș ve tahribatsız deney uygulamalarıyla da teyit edilmiştir. Bu durum yaklaşık 70-120 mikroStrain mertebelerinde gözlenmiș olup literatürdeki eksenel yük ve momente maruz beton kesitindeki çatlak gelişimini inceleyen çalıșmalar ile uyumludur. Bu menfi etkilerin bertaraf edildiği betonda çekme gerilmesinin oluşmadığı tarzda orijinal bir düzenek tasarlanmıştır. Bu düzenek vasıtası ile aynı şartlardaki komşu kazık, tabandan yukarı istikamette çekilerek betonda basınç gerilmesi mobilize edilerek çekme yükü altında test edilmiştir. Bu geliştirilen orijinal deney ve imalat usulü konvansiyonel olarak kazık başından çekilerek tatbik edilen çekme yükleme durumundaki problemleri bertaraf ettiği kazığın yük deplasman performansında ve yük transfer ilişkisinde hatırı sayılır bir şekilde performans artışı sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. TİP-A ve TİP-B yük tatbik noktasının farklı olması sebebiyle doğrudan karşılaştırma yapmak mümkün olmamakla beraber genel bir kıyaslama maksadıyla, kazık taşıma kapasitesi tahmin yöntemi Davisson Yöntemi ile kazık başı yükü ve kazık başı deplasmanı için yapılan analizde kazık kapasitesi TİP-A için 6.1MN iken TİP-B için 8.9MN ve kazık tabanı yük - kazık tabanı deplasman için yapılan analizde ise TİP-B için 7.3MN olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu da benzer şartlarda iki komşu eş fore kazığın farklı tarzda yüklenmesiyle elde edilen kapasitenin kazık başı yük - kazık başı deplasman ilişkisine göre “Davisson Kazık Kapasitesi Tahmin Yöntemi” ile ~%146 mertebelerinde yine TİP B için kazık tabanı yük - kazık tabanı deplasman ilişkisi kıyaslamasına göre ise ~%120 mertebelerinde daha yüksek çekme kapasitesine ulaştığı anlamına gelmektedir.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Integration of BIM and Virtual Reality Applications in Building Production Processes","authors":"Gülce Bozkurt, S. Ersoy, Enes Yaşa","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1244122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1244122","url":null,"abstract":"İnşaat sektörü yeniliğe ve değişikliklere açık bir sektördür. Yapı üretim süreçlerine entegre olabilecek birçok enformasyon teknolojisi geliştirilmiş, yapı üretim süreçlerinin daha hızlı, sistematik ve kontrollü olarak yürütülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapı üretim süreçlerinde kullanılan enformasyon teknolojilerinden Yapı Bilgi Modelleme (BIM) ve Sanal Gerçeklik (VR) teknolojileri yaygın olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. BIM süreçleriyle ve VR araçlarıyla yürütülen entegre projelerde yapı üretim süreçlerinde pek çok kolaylık sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmada yapı üretim süreçlerinde BIM ve VR entegrasyonunun kullanımının amaçlarını, güçlü ve zayıf yanlarını tespit etmek ve potansiyel tehdit ve fırsatlar bağlamında bir değerlendirme yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda literatür taraması ve kullanıcı deneyimlerinin baz alındığı firma araştırması yapılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Assessment of Electrical Equipment in Power Substations: A Case Study for Circuit Breakers","authors":"K. Kaatsız, F. S. Alici, M. Erberik","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1241107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1241107","url":null,"abstract":"Electric power is essential in post-earthquake periods for the continuous functionality of disaster management and emergency services. In addition, interruption of electric power can cause significant economic losses due to downtime of critical facilities. Therefore, it is very important to maintain seismic safety of electric power systems and components. There are existing seismic regulations and standards regarding electric power systems, especially in the United States of America (USA) and Europe. A similar regulation has been prepared recently in Türkiye, which is a country in a seismically active region. This study focuses on the current state of practice regarding the seismic assessment of electrical equipment in power stations and implementation of the regulations on seismic qualification of these systems. Among many electrical equipment, circuit breakers have been selected for case study. The seismic assessment of the selected high voltage equipment has been performed according to the new regulation under the seismic hazard specifically defined for Türkiye. The case study experiment presents the new methodology in evaluating and classifying the seismic response of high voltage electrical equipment and provides insight to the expected behaviour of circuit breakers under earthquake induced action.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"20 21-22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Freeze-Thaw on CBR in Soils with Different Gradation and Mineralogy","authors":"Murat Gülen, Ayşenur ASLAN FİDAN, Ahmet Serdar Köşeli̇, H. Kılıç","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1349440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1349440","url":null,"abstract":"Freeze-thaw cycles are prevalent climatic phenomena with substantial effects on soils, leading to alterations in soil strength, stiffness, and hydraulic properties due to disruptions in the soil structure. With the ongoing climate change, weather patterns have grown progressively erratic, resulting in more frequent occurrences of extreme weather events, including heavy snowfall, intense rainfall, and windstorms, even in regions characterized typically with mild climates across the globe. The climate change can potentially threat man-made infrastructure constructed within or upon local soils, regardless of their susceptibility to freezing in temperate climates. The principal objective of this study is to assess the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the California Bearing Ratio (CBR %) across 12 distinct soils with variations in granulometry and mineralogy. The freeze-thaw cycles resulted in a notable decrease in CBR (%) within the range of 40% to 70%. A strong inverse correlation with D50 was observed regarding the decrease in CBR (%). Nevertheless, it was discerned that the decrease in CBR (%) subsequent to freeze-thaw cycles varied among soil samples sharing identical D50 and liquid limit characteristics. The aim of this study is to enhance our comprehension of how freeze-thaw cycles can impact the bearing capacity of these soils, thereby providing essential insights for predicting their behavior and potential influence on infrastructure in the context of climate change.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"88 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Rutting and Low Temperature Cracking Behavior of Reactive Ethylene Terpolymer and Waste Cooking Oil Modified Bitumen","authors":"Aytuğ Kumandaş, Erman Çavdar, Neslihan Şahan, B. Kök, E. B. Pancar, Şeref Oruç","doi":"10.18400/tjce.1335810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1335810","url":null,"abstract":"With sustainability being the most crucial issue of recent years, the use of waste materials in bitumen modification is increasing and becoming widespread. In this experimental study, it was aimed to investigate the high- and low-temperature behavior of bitumen samples modified with waste cooking oil (WCO), reactive ethylene terpolymer (RET), and polyphosphoric acid (PPA). Accordingly, the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test were conducted. Depending on the increasing WCO ratio, the Jnr,R%,∆T_c,and λ parameters of modified bitumens were examined in detail. It was observed that with increasing WCO ratio,the Jnr value increased, and elastic recovery and stiffness decreased. In addition, it has been determined that this composite-modified bitumen is resistant to heavy traffic loads and has sufficient flexibility at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":241324,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"229 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}