Proceedings Volume: "Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting最新文献

{"title":"Function of dermal bone texture in Middle Triassic Temnospondyl amphibians from New Mexico","authors":"L. Rinehart, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.197","url":null,"abstract":"We studied skulls of the Middle Triassic cyclotosaurid amphibian, Eocyclotosaurus, from the Moenkopi Formation near Anton Chico, NM, to perform our own investigation. The skull surface texture was recorded by applying latex rubber to the skulls and then peeling it away after drying. The latex peels were cut to reveal the texture in cross section, and the surface area increase attributable to the texture was calculated. Allometric analysis of the surface area increase showed strong negative allometry (allometric constant ~ 0.14). We calculate that surface area must increase with a positive allometric constant of 1.5 to maintain support of skin breathing or thermal regulation throughout growth. Thus, while some skin breathing is possible in these animals, the surface area increase due to dermal bone texture cannot be a significant contributing factor. Studies of stress in the skulls of predators during prey capture show that stress typically concentrates above and in front of the jaw joint and on the snout in front of the orbits. We note that these are the areas in the Eocyclotosaurus skulls where ridge-and-groove texture is present, whereas the honeycomb texture is present around the orbits and over the braincase. We calculated the strength and stiffness increase due to the dermal bone texture in these critical areas. The preliminary results showed that strength was increased by 77% and stiffness increased by 160%, while the bone mass increase due to the texture was only 29%. This represents a purchase of considerable strength and stiffness with a relatively small increase in mass. Thus, our results reinforce the argument for structural significance of the dermal bone texture, while not rejecting some possible contribution of the other hypothesized processes.","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"57 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128007783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing Quaternary Pluvial Episodes Using Travertines Of Egypt's Western Desert","authors":"G. Jiménez, L. Crossey, K. Karlstrom, J. Ricketts, A. Tafoya, T. Anan, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aetosaurus from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation, Quay County, New Mexico, and its significance","authors":"T. L. Suazo, A. Cantrell, S. Lucas, J. Spielmann","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.162","url":null,"abstract":"Aetosaurus is an Upper Triassic genus of relatively small and inornate aetosaurs known from three species: A. ferratus, A. crassicauda, and A. arcuatus. A record of A. arcuatus from the Bull Canyon Formation of the Chinle Group in east-central New Mexico correlates these strata to Aetosaurus-bearing strata in the eastern United States, Italy, Greenland, and Germany. The genus has been stated to be a reliable tetrapod index fossil for the Revueltian (Norian), making the specimens of A. arcuatus from the Bull Canyon Formation in Quay County, New Mexico, which are part of the characteristic Revueltian tetrapod assemblage, important to Late Triassic tetrapod biochronology. While many specimens have been collected from the Aetosaurus locality in the Bull Canyon Formation (NMMNH L-501), only the most diagnostic have been previously reported. Here we describe additional aetosaurian material in the collection of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History from L-501, including a partial skeleton, numerous paramedian and lateral scutes, lateral appendage scutes, vertebral fragments, and various limb and hip elements. After Typothorax, Aetosaurus is the second most common aetosaur in the Bull Canyon Formation. The distribution of Aetosaurus in Chinle Group strata includes records in the Rock Point Formation, well documented from the Eagle basin of Colorado. These records indicate that the Revueltian-Apachean boundary is not, as previously assumed, coincident with the base of the Rock Point lithosome, but instead is at least locally above its base.","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, rock magnetic, and paleomagnetic data from mafic dikes in the Espanola Basin, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","authors":"R. Trujillo, M. Petronis, J. Lindline","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.185","url":null,"abstract":"This study characterizes a suite of Miocene mafic dikes in the Española Basin, north-central NM using paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and field observations. Paleomagnetic data provided constraints on potential components of vertical-axis rotation across structural blocks, between separate dikes, and along strike variations within individual dikes. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data and field observations provided information on magma flow patterns within each dike and discernment of any variation in magma flow patterns within the swarm. We tested the following hypotheses: 1) the mafic dikes experienced some degree of vertical axis rotation associated with Rio Grande rifting and 2) the magma flow pattern within the dikes reflects lateral emplacement with flow directed away from the magma ascent location. Rock magnetic data provided constraints on the magnetic mineralogy responsible for carrying the AMS and the remanence directions. Low-field susceptibility versus temperature experiments yielded a spectrum of results reflecting a thermomagnetic behavior typical of intermediate composition titanomagnetite while others exhibited a more complex behavior with the presence of two or more magnetic phases. Curie point estimates ranged from ~ 100°C to 575°C indicating a range of moderate to low Ti- titanomagnetite compositions as well as the presence of a Fe-sulfide phase. Additional rock magnetic experiments included the Lowrie-Fuller test to estimate the magnetic domain state, acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), and backfield IRM experiments to verify the magnetic mineralogy, domain state, and the coercivity of the remanence. These experiments, as well as other data, indicated that the remanence is likely a primary thermoremanent magnetization acquired during cooling and is thus geologically stable. The AMS fabric data reveal a combination of both prolate and oblate susceptibility ellipsoids. At several sites, the fabrics are oblate from paired dike margins and reveal a unique magma flow direction. The maximum susceptibility axis (K1) and the imbrications of the magnetic foliation (K1-K2) planes indicate both upward and downward sense of flow, as well as flow towards and away from the likely source region. Susceptibility values are high and consistent with a ferromagnetic phase. Preliminary results indicate that the group mean is discordant in a counter-clockwise sense to the expected Miocene field direction. Additional paleomagnetic experiments are underway and should help further constrain the emplacement of the dikes and tectonic evolution of the study area. Basin,","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131076405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U-series dating and stable isotope analysis of travertine deposits near Ponderosa, New Mexico: Implications for defining the eastern limit of the Valles outflow plume","authors":"R. E. Salaz, S. Kelley, G. Woldegabriel, M. Albrecht","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.193","url":null,"abstract":"The well-known Valles caldera hydrothermal outflow plume, which flows along the Jemez Fault Zone (JFZ) in Canon de San Diego (CdSD) in the SW Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, possibly extends to the east of the currently accepted limits. Recent geologic mapping on the Cat Mesa and Jose fault zones (CMFZ and JoFZ), 3-6 km east of the JFZ, has identified several Quaternary hydrothermal features. Also, a hot well with temperatures of 129°C at 829 m depth (AET-4) located just east of the CMFZ implies an eastward extension of the plume. Indications of Quaternary hydrothermal activity include four generations of travertine deposition, goethite/hematite/barite mineralization in fault zones and coating terrace gravels, and one sinter deposit on the JoFZ. The highest elevation and oldest travertine in the area rests on a terrace 190 m above the Jemez River. Stable isotope values for this travertine are δ13C of 5.18‰ PDB and δ18O of 23.74‰ SMOW. The other travertine mounds lie on much lower terraces of around 40 m above the Jemez River and have an estimated age of around 155 ka. The sinter deposit intrudes into the JoFZ contact between Jurassic Entrada Sandstone and Tertiary Zia Formation and is indicative of very high temperature water. The deposit is of an unknown age and appears to be an exhumed vent. Recent detailed geologic mapping along the JFZ on the Pueblo of Jemez has identified three generations of travertine deposition. The oldest is at an elevation of 44 m above the river and has an age of 233 ka. This travertine deposit rests on fine illite clay that was deposited across the JFZ. After the first travertine deposition, hematite-rich fluids cemented alluvial fan deposits, which were then overlain by a 144 ka travertine deposit. The third travertine occurs near Salt Spring at an elevation of 9 m above the river and has an age of 166 ka. Stable isotope data from these travertines ranges from δ13C values of 3.47‰ - 3.73‰ PDB and δ18O values of 22.40‰ - 22.52‰ SMOW. These data are fairly consistent with published U-series dates and stable isotope values from Soda Dam. The travertines on Jemez Pueblo are thought to have the same outflow plume origin as Soda Dam. U-series dates and stable isotope data will be evaluated to determine if the outflow plume is responsible for deposition of the CMFZ and JoFZ travertines.","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126875948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A giant phytosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) skull from the Garita Creek Formation (Upper Triassic: Adamanian) of north-central New Mexico","authors":"D. C. Bond, L. Rinehart, W. L. Layman, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115610257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eruption characteristics of the Cienega cinder cone, Cerros del Rio volcanic field, New Mexico","authors":"M. Foucher, A. Romero, J. Linline","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.181","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the eruption characteristics of the Pleistocene Cienega Cinder Cone. This volcano is located in the southeastern part of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field (CdR) west of Santa Fe, NM. The CdR is the largest (>700 km2) of several middle Pliocene to Pleistocene basaltic volcanic fields of the axial Rio Grande Rift in northern New Mexico. Eruptive centers are typically central vent volcanoes, ranging from low-relief shields to steep-sided, breached cinder and spatter cone remnants. The Cienega Cinder Cone is actually a volcanic complex that consists predominantly of tephra fall deposits as well as several vents, multiple intrusions, and numerous lava flow sequences. A slightly eroded northern vent is 230m in diameter and consists of inward bedded crater facies and periclinally bedded wall facies. A smaller southern vent is 95m in diameter and composed of steep N-dipping pyroclastic layers that suggest the development of a late-stage shallow cryptodome. Vent facies include vesiculated fragments, oxidized cinders, and spatter agglutinate interbedded with lava flows. Proximal wall facies are moderately sorted with a high proportion of coarse scoria and bombs while the distal wall facies are very well sorted with a high proportion of fine lapilli. Fluvial sand and gravel deposits as well as aeolian sand deposits within some of the pyroclastic layers illustrate the development of stream channels and exposed surfaces in between eruptions. One major N-striking anastomosing dike (>10 m long by 4 m wide) as well as several minor N-striking dikes (< 2 m long by 1 m wide) intrude the southern complex. Macrostructures (slickenlines, chatter marks, and Reidel shears) consistently show wall rock deformation having a North-sense of shear, indicating S-moving magma towards the inflating southern vent. Sample from all volcanic facies (vent, lava flows, proximal wall, and distal wall) contain major olivine (1-3%), pyroxene (1-3%), and plagioclase (5%) phenocrysts in an aphanitic matrix. Scoria cinders contain 20-50% vesicles in a holohyaline matrix. Our observations show that the Cienega Cinder Cone is a monogenetic volcanic complex that developed by endogenic and exogenic dome growth with short eruptive events that likely were derived from a rapidly evolving reservoir-conduit system.","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124542307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diachronous episodes of Cenozoic erosion in southwestern North America and their relationship to rock uplift, paleoclimate, and paleoaltimetry","authors":"S. Cather, C. E. Chapin, S. Kelley","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.189","url":null,"abstract":"The history of erosion of southwestern North America and its relationship to uplift processes is a long-standing topic of debate. We use geologic and thermochronometric data to reconstruct the erosion history of southwestern North America. Erosion events occurred mostly in response to rock uplift by tectonism, although important isostatic components of uplift can be demonstrated during the late Miocene–Recent. We recognize four regional episodes of erosion and associated rock uplift: (1) the Laramide orogeny (ca. 75–50 Ma), during which individual uplifts were deeply eroded as a result of uplift above thrusts, but Laramide basins and the Great Plains region remained near sea level as shown by the lack of significant Laramide exhumation in these areas; (2) late middle Eocene erosion (ca. 42–37 Ma) in Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado occurred in response to epeirogenic uplift from rebound that followed the cessation of Laramide dynamic subsidence; (3) late Oligocene–early Miocene deep erosion (ca. 27–15 Ma) that affected a broad region of the southern Cordillera (including the southern Colorado Plateau, southern Great Plains, trans-Pecos Texas, and northeastern Mexico) that was uplifted in response to increased mantle buoyancy from major concurrent volcanism in the Sierra Madre Occidental and adjacent volcanic fields. (4) Late Miocene–Recent erosion (ca. 6–0 Ma) of a broad area of southwestern North America, with a locus of deep erosion in the western Colorado–eastern Utah region that reflects mantle-driven rock uplift as well as an important isostatic component related to deep fluvial erosion. We cannot estimate the amount of rock or surface uplift associated with each erosion episode, but the maximum depth of exhumation for each was broadly similar (typically ~1–3 km). Only the most recent erosion episode is correlated with climate change. Paleoaltimetric studies, except for those based on leaf physiognomy, are generally compatible with the uplift chronology we propose here. Physiognomy-based paleoelevation data commonly show that near-modern elevations were attained during the Paleogene, but are the only data that uniquely support such interpretations. High Paleogene elevations, however, require a complex uplift/subsidence history for the Front Range and western Great Plains area that is not compatible with regional sedimentation and erosion events. Our results suggest that near-modern surface elevations in southwestern North America were generally not attained until the Neogene, and that these high elevations are the cumulative result of four major episodes of Cenozoic rock uplift of diverse origin, geographic distribution, and timing.","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125865532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcite-filled travertine used to constrain the timing and orientation of Quaternary extension along the western margin of the Rio Grande rift, central New Mexico","authors":"J. Ricketts, A. Priewisch, M. Kolmaznik, K. Karlstrom","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127492932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Campanian ammonites and other molluscs from the Point Lookout Sandstone near Cabezon, Sandoval County, New Mexico","authors":"P. Sealey, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2012.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2012.188","url":null,"abstract":"P. syrtale also occurs in the Dalton Sandstone in the Cabezon area. It has also been reported from the upper part of the Mancos Shale in the upper Rio Grande Valley and along the western side of the Sierra Nacimiento, including the Satan Tongue of the Mancos Shale near La Ventana. P. syrtale has been reported to range from the lower Santonian to the lower Campanian. The Baculites specimens collected from the Point Lookout Sandstone near Cabezon are closest to variants of Baculites aquilaensis in their prominent arcuate nodes on the outer flanks. B. aquilaensis var. obesus was reported by Reeside from the basal part of the “Mesaverde Formation” east of Cuba, New Mexico. Scaphites leei III has also been reported from near the base of the “Mesaverde Formation” east of Cuba and from the Hagan coal field. This would correspond to the base of the Point Lookout Sandstone. S. leei III has also been reported from the upper part of the Mancos Shale on the eastern side of the San Juan Basin and from the Ortiz Mountains. S. leei III is the lowest Campanian Zone taxon. This indicates an earliest Campanian age for the Point Lookout Sandstone near Cabezon.","PeriodicalId":240412,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings Volume: \"Evaluating How Continental Sedimentary Basins Fill: Development and Preservation of Sedimentary Successions\", New Mexico Geological Society, 2012 Annual Spring Meeting","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134366502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}