Zhurnal obshchei biologii最新文献_第8页

[Advantages and limitations of interspecies associations in northern migratory sandpipers (Charadrii, Aves)]. [北方迁徙矶鹬(Charadrii, Aves)种间关联的优势与局限性]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-05-01

V V Gavrilov

{"title":"[Advantages and limitations of interspecies associations in northern migratory sandpipers (Charadrii, Aves)].","authors":"V V Gavrilov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations were carried out at two stations of Ornithological Unit, IBPN FEB RAS, located in Nizhnekolymsk District, Yakutia, starting from May 15-20 in 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990; at the northern coast of Pukhovoy Bay, Southern Island of Novaya Zemlya starting from June 1 in 1994; at Cape Beliy Nos, the Yugorsky Peninsula, starting from June 1 in 1995-1997. Classic associations are detected in interspecies flocks of sandpipers between the following species: the Pacific golden plover and the curlew sandpiper, the pectoral sandpiper and the long-billed dowitcher, the pectoral sandpiper and the dunlin, the grey plover and the dunlin. However, total amount of birds that form associations is not large. In species of group \"A\" (the grey plover, the Pacific golden plover, the pectoral sandpiper), no difference has been observed in migratory birds behavior within inter- or conspecific flocks. Species of group \"B\" (the dunlin, the curlew sandpiper, the long-billed dowitcher), on the contrary, change their behavior sharply depending on whether they belong to an association or not. Species of group \"A\" do not get any advantages when forming an association. Unlike them, species of group \"B\" profit from associating: a part of time spent in foraging substantially increases; more time is spent on rest and less time is spent on reconnaissance and vigilance (readiness for actions); safety of birds is enhanced. On the other hand, in species of group \"B\" there are also disadvantages related with associating: i.e., interspecies competition for food; foraging in suboptimal habitats which, in turn, may lead to notable increase of time spent by birds in foraging. An assumption is put forward that in species of group \"B\" advantages and limitations of associating cancel each other to a certain extent, and this explains rather small number of birds forming associations.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33130760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[A field study of tundra plant litter decomposition rate via mass loss and carbon dioxide emission: the role of biotic and abiotic controls, biotope, season of year, and spatial-temporal scale]. [通过质量损失和二氧化碳排放对冻土带植物凋落物分解速率的野外研究:生物和非生物控制、生物群落、季节和时空尺度的作用]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-05-01

A V Pochikalov, D V Karelin

引用次数: 0

[Competitive intransitivity among species in biotic communities]. [生物群落中物种间的竞争非传递性]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-05-01

M S Permogorskiĭ

引用次数: 0

[Picocyanobacteria in eutrophic reservoirs of the Middle Volga: abundance, production, viral infection]. [伏尔加河中游富营养化水库中的碧青杆菌:丰度、产量、病毒感染]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-05-01

A I Kopylov, A V Romanenko, E A Zabotkina, N M Mineeva, I N Krylova, T S Maslennikova

{"title":"[Picocyanobacteria in eutrophic reservoirs of the Middle Volga: abundance, production, viral infection].","authors":"A I Kopylov, A V Romanenko, E A Zabotkina, N M Mineeva, I N Krylova, T S Maslennikova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"During the summer season of 2010, abundance and productivity of picocyanobacteria in Gorky and Cheboksary Reservoirs have being examined. It is found out that in the eutrophic reservoirs of the Middle Volga abundance and biomass of picocyanobacteria, averaged over the water column, varied within the range of (34-322) x 10(3) cells/ml and 38-455 mg/m3 respectively. In more productive Cheboksary Reservoir, the contribution of picocyanobacteria in total biomass and production of phytoplankton (4.7 ± 0.7 and 8.3 ± 1.3% respectively) was lower than in less productive Gorky Reservoir (10.6 ± 2.1 and 19.2 ± 3.0% respectively). In both reservoirs, high level of picocyanobacteria infection by viruses was detected. The frequency of visible infected cells and virus-induced mortality of picocyanobacteria in Cheboksary Reservoir were substantially higher (3.2 ± 0.4% of total abundance and 21.8 ± 2.9% of daily production) than in Gorky Reservoir (1.7 ± 0.2% of total abundance and 11.0 ± 1.7% of daily production). The results obtained indicate that in eutrophic reservoirs during summer bloom of large cyanobacteria their abundance is regulated to a great extent by viruses.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33132194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[A formal description of mammals' behavior based on data on snow tracking, with pine marten (Martes martes) as a case study]. [基于雪追踪数据对哺乳动物行为的正式描述，以松貂(Martes Martes)为例研究]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-05-01

É D Vladimirova, V V Morozov

{"title":"[A formal description of mammals' behavior based on data on snow tracking, with pine marten (Martes martes) as a case study].","authors":"É D Vladimirova, V V Morozov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The formalism allowing to describe animals' behavior is based on the model of informational interactions between an animal and its environment. The model may be represented as an assemblage consisting of two blocks. The first block, which corresponds to the perception system, is a probabilistic operator: it selects an object of certain class out of many objects randomly encountered by an animal while it moves around. The selected object keeps its actuality as an input symbol for the second block of the assemblage during one or several cycles of the block operation. The second block, being afinite structural probabilistic automaton, generates output reactions to the input symbol. The structural automaton, which consists of elementary automata, produces a sequence of output reactions in course of interactions with the selected object: After exhaustion of the previous input actuality, the assemblage moves to the next cycle. At that, the probabilistic operator comes back to the receptive state and produces next output. Automaton \"inputs\" correspond to objects of certain classes, selectively perceived by an animal; \"outputs\" correspond to a sequence of elementary motor reactions. Based on data on snow tracking of pine marten foraging activity, there have been composed: the assemblage input and output alphabets, a conjugation matrix of input signals and internal states of the first elementary automaton that is contained in the second block structure, and transition probability matrices for the states of the second block elementary automata, which are defined for a class of environmental objects when foraging activity occurs. The proposed formalism makes it possible to convert field data on tracking into the unified form, detect key circumstances of animals' behavioral activity, and analyze this natural phenomenon in detail.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33132193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Basic trends in the development of the theory of syntaxonomy and plant communities dynamics]. [植物分类学和植物群落动态理论发展的基本趋势]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-03-01

B M Mirkin, L G Naumova

引用次数: 0

[Succession caused by beaver (Castor fiber L.) life activity: I. What is learnt from the calibration of a simple Markov model]. [海狸(Castor fiber L.)生命活动引起的演替:1 .从一个简单马尔可夫模型的校准中学到的东西]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-03-01

D O Logofet, O I Evstigneev, A A Aleĭnikov, A O Morozova

{"title":"[Succession caused by beaver (Castor fiber L.) life activity: I. What is learnt from the calibration of a simple Markov model].","authors":"D O Logofet, O I Evstigneev, A A Aleĭnikov, A O Morozova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A homogeneous Markov chain of three aggregated states \"pond--swamp--wood\" is proposed as a model of cyclic zoogenic successions caused by beaver (Castor fiber L.) life activity in a forest biogeocoenosis. To calibrate the chain transition matrix, the data have appeared sufficient that were gained from field studies undertaken in \"Bryanskii Les\" Reserve in the years of 2002-2008. Major outcomes of the calibrated model ensue from the formulae of finite homogeneous Markov chain theory: the stationary probability distribution of states, thematrix (T) of mean first passage times, and the mean durations (M(j)) of succession stages. The former illustrates the distribution of relative areas under succession stages if the current trends and transition rates of succession are conserved in the long-term--it has appeared close to the observed distribution. Matrix T provides for quantitative characteristics of the cyclic process, specifying the ranges the experts proposed for the duration of stages in the conceptual scheme of succession. The calculated values of M(j) detect potential discrepancies between empirical data, the expert knowledge that summarizes the data, and the postulates accepted in the mathematical model. The calculated M2 value falls outside the expert range, which gives a reason to doubt the validity of expert estimation proposed, the aggregation mode chosen for chain states, or/and the accuracy-of data available, i.e., to draw certain \"lessons\" from partially successful calibration. Refusal to postulate the time homogeneity or the Markov property of the chain is also discussed among possible ways to improve the model.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32894302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Magnetoreception systems in birds: a review of current research]. [鸟类的磁感受系统:当前研究综述]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-03-01

D A Kishkinev, N S Chernetsov

{"title":"[Magnetoreception systems in birds: a review of current research].","authors":"D A Kishkinev, N S Chernetsov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Currently at least two independent systems of magnetoreception are believed to exist in birds, based on different biophysical principles, located in different parts of their bodies, and having different innervation. One magnetoreceptory system is located in the retina and may be based on photo-induced biradical chemical reactions on the basis of cryptochrome. Information from these receptors is processed in a specialized part of visual Wulst, the so-called Cluster N. There are good reasons to believe that this visual magnetoreceptor processes compass magnetic information which is necessary for migratory orientation. The second magnetoreceptory system is probably iron-based (biogenic magnetite), is located somewhere in the upper beak (its exact location and ultrastructure of receptors remain unknown), and is innervated by the ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve. It cannot be ruled out that this system participates in spatial representation and helps forming either a kind of map or more primitive signposts, based on regular spatial variation of the geomagnetic field. The magnetic map probably governs navigation of migrating birds across hundreds and thousands of kilometers. Apart from these two systems whose existence may be considered to be convincingly shown (even if their details are not yet fully clear), there are data on the existence of magnetoreceptors based on the vestibular system. It cannot be ruled out that iron-based magnetoreception takes place in lagena (a structure homologous to cochlea of marsupials and eutherians), and the information perceived is processes in vestibular nuclei. The very existence of this magnetoreception system needs verification, and its function remains completely open.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32894303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Variability patterns of nest construction, physiological state, and morphometric traits in honey bee]. [蜜蜂的巢结构、生理状态和形态特征的变异模式]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-03-01

E K Es'kov, M D Es'kova

{"title":"[Variability patterns of nest construction, physiological state, and morphometric traits in honey bee].","authors":"E K Es'kov, M D Es'kova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"High variability of cells size is used selectively for reproduction of working bees and drones. A decrease in both distance between cells and cells size themselves causes similar effects to body mass and morphometric traits of developing individuals. Adaptation of honey bees to living in shelters has led to their becoming tolerant to hypoxia. Improvement of ethological and physiological mechanisms of thermal regulation is associated with limitation of ecological valence and acquiring of stenothermic features by breed. Optimal thermal conditions for breed are limited by the interval 33-34.5 degrees C. Deviations of temperature by 3-4 degrees C beyond this range have minimum lethal effect at embryonic stage of development and medium effect at the stage of pre-pupa and pupa. Developing at the low bound of the vital range leads to increasing, while developing at the upper bound--to decreasing of body mass, mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands, as well as other organs, which, later, affects the variability of these traits during the adult stage of development. Eliminative and teratogenic efficiency of ecological factors that affect a breed is most often manifested in underdevelopment of wings. However, their size (in case of wing laminas formation). is characterized by relatively low variability and size-dependent asymmetry. Asymmetry variability of wings and other pair organs is expressed through realignment of size excess from right- to left-side one with respect to their increase. Selective elimination by those traits whose emerging probability increases as developmental conditions deviate from the optimal ones promotes restrictions on individual variability. Physiological mechanisms that facilitate adaptability enhancement under conditions of increasing anthropogenic contamination of eivironment and trophic substrates consumed by honey bees, arrear to be toxicants accumulation in rectum and crops' ability to absorb contaminants from nectar in course of its processing to honey.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32894305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Factors of macrozoobenthic communities formation on stony rapids and bars in streams of East Fennoscandia]. [东芬诺斯坎迪亚河石质急流和石坝上大型底栖动物群落形成的因素]。

IF 0.4 4区生物学

Zhurnal obshchei biologii Pub Date : 2014-03-01

I A Baryshev

{"title":"[Factors of macrozoobenthic communities formation on stony rapids and bars in streams of East Fennoscandia].","authors":"I A Baryshev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Relying on own data (267 quantitative samples in total), factors of rheophilous zoobenthos formation in East Fennoscandia have been studied with use of detrended correspondence analysis. In the period from 2005 to 2011, in August, samples were taken from 90 stony rapids belonging to 39 streams. On East Fennoscandia territory, which extends over 1000 kilometers in south-north direction, climatic factor plays an important role in formation of macrozoobenthos in streams. With regard to both species composition and total abundance, the poorest benthic communities are found in tundra rivers in the northern part of the region. In limnetic-riverine systems of south Karelia, on the contrary, rheophilous macrozoobenthos is characterized by great number of species and high biomass. However, the structure of benthic communities is markedly influenced, beside the climate, by flowing lakes and settlements located in the catchment area. Under their influence, the species richness of zoobenthos in streams decreases while the biomass increases. Under the conditions of low trophic status that are indicative of northern water bodies, these sources of additional organic matter and biogenic elements improve feeding conditions for macrozoobenthic organisms which, in its turn, leads to biomass and production growth.","PeriodicalId":24026,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal obshchei biologii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32894304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0