{"title":"Circumlocution","authors":"Kayle Sneed","doi":"10.1017/cbo9781107279179.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107279179.020","url":null,"abstract":"Circumlocution is the use of more words than necessary to express what could be said precisely and directly. Frequently present during wordfinding difficulties, circumlocutions typically involve production of functional or attributive descriptions in place of content words that cannot be immediately accessed (Benson and Ardila 1996). Examples include saying, “the thing that you use to tell time” instead of “clock” or saying “the thing that is red, white, and blue” instead of “American flag.” Circumlocution is found in neurotypical individuals who occasionally have a word on the “tip of the tongue,” that is, when the semantics of a needed word can be accessed but not the phonological form. It is also frequently present, however, as a symptom of anomia in individuals with fluent aphasias and cognitive-communication disorders (Davis 2013). In these circumstances, circumlocution can be viewed as both a symptom and a compensatory strategy to circumvent a failure of phonological access (Raymer 2015). In bilingual speakers who experience unwanted language switching, it can also serve to facilitate interlanguage access via the common conceptual store to which related words in different languages are linked (Kohnert and Peterson 2012).","PeriodicalId":240092,"journal":{"name":"The Craft of Poetry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122382693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abu-Alfa, Miguel Abboud, R. Boustany, L. Charafeddine, R. Saab, Sami Sanjad, H. Tfayli
{"title":"Listing","authors":"A. Abu-Alfa, Miguel Abboud, R. Boustany, L. Charafeddine, R. Saab, Sami Sanjad, H. Tfayli","doi":"10.7748/ns.16.18.60.s57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.18.60.s57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":240092,"journal":{"name":"The Craft of Poetry","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127986276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assonance and consonance","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hztrbd.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hztrbd.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":240092,"journal":{"name":"The Craft of Poetry","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132636292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chiasmus","authors":"S. Connor","doi":"10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e232430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e232430","url":null,"abstract":"Chiasmus is defined as a grammatical figure consisting of two parallel clauses, in which the order of elements in the second clause inverts the order of the first: when the going gets tough, the tough get going: ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country. Chiasmus is so-named from the Greek χιαζω, meaning to mark with a sign of the letter χ, chi. The optic chiasm, located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus, is the place where the nerves from the eyes partially cross over each other, sending images from the right eye to the left hand side of the brain and vice-versa. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, χ is the symbol for what is known as the voiceless uvular fricative. This sound is made by vibrating the uvula, the little pendulous flap that hangs down from the soft palate. The related sign X is marks the voiceless velar fricative, a slightly thinner sound, made by vibrating the soft palate just in front of the uvula. Phonology distinguishes a number of voiceless fricatives formed at the back of the mouth: the voiceless epiglottal fricative; the voiceless pharyngeal fricative (Hebrew chet); the voiceless uvular fricative (French roche); the voiceless velar fricative (Spanish agua) and the voiceless palatal fricative (English hue).","PeriodicalId":240092,"journal":{"name":"The Craft of Poetry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124200616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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