ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442885
Brittany Fiore-Silfvast, Carl Hartung, K. Iyengar, S. Iyengar, K. Israel-Ballard, N. Perin, Richard J. Anderson
{"title":"Mobile video for patient education: the midwives' perspective","authors":"Brittany Fiore-Silfvast, Carl Hartung, K. Iyengar, S. Iyengar, K. Israel-Ballard, N. Perin, Richard J. Anderson","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442885","url":null,"abstract":"The study presented in this paper demonstrates how nurse midwives used video on mobile phones to support patient education in a maternal and child health project in rural India. The main goals of the study were to understand how the technology impacted the workflow of the nurses and to assess the acceptability of the use of video during patient encounters. The study was based on interviews of the midwives, observation of patient visits, and an analysis of logs from the mobile devices. The overall results were positive; the midwives accepted use of mobile video as part of the workflow for postnatal care examinations. Using video changed the process of patient education, in some cases making it a more focused activity. The use of video also led to midwife multitasking, which was enabled by the technology. The study suggests that the midwives felt that their authority was enhanced by the use of video.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126758533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442884
Michalis Vitos, Jerome Lewis, M. Stevens, M. Haklay
{"title":"Making local knowledge matter: supporting non-literate people to monitor poaching in Congo","authors":"Michalis Vitos, Jerome Lewis, M. Stevens, M. Haklay","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442884","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a project initiated by non-literate indigenous people to equip their own \"citizen scientists\" with rugged smartphones running adapted software that enable them to share some of their detailed environmental knowledge in ways that improve the sustainable management of their forest. Supporting local people to share their environmental knowledge in scientifically valid and strategically targeted ways can lead to improvement in environmental governance, environmental justice and management practices. Mbendjele hunter-gatherers in the rainforests of Congo are working together with the ExCiteS Research Group at University College London to make their local knowledge about commercial hunters' activities improve the control of commercial hunters and diminish the harassment they often experience at the hands of \"eco-guards\" who enforce hunting regulations. Developing and deploying a system for non-literate users introduces a range of challenges that we have tried to solve. Our Anti-Poaching data collection platform, running on Android smartphones, is based on a decision tree of pictorial icons and employs various smartphone sensors to augment observations. We describe its development here.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442905
Aaron Ciaghi, Birhanu Eshete, P. Molini, Adolfo Villafiorita
{"title":"SAMo: experimenting a social accountability web platform","authors":"Aaron Ciaghi, Birhanu Eshete, P. Molini, Adolfo Villafiorita","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442905","url":null,"abstract":"The need for transparency and quality control of public services is crucial for a sustainable development of underserved communities. Information and data collection play a significant role in the efforts that NGOs, governments and international institutions are carrying out in this direction. In this paper we describe a platform to conduct assessment campaigns of the quality of public services and its experimentation in the rural district of Moamba, Mozambique.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129610813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442886
S. Panjwani
{"title":"Practical receipt authentication for branchless banking","authors":"S. Panjwani","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442886","url":null,"abstract":"Although branchless banking systems have spread to different parts of the developing world, methods to ensure transactional security in these systems have seen slower adoption because of a variety of operational constraints. A basic requirement from such systems is the provision of secure and reliable receipts to users during transactions, and recent attacks have demonstrated that existing systems fall short of fulfilling this requirement in practice. In this paper, we propose a simple and practical protocol to enable users to authenticate transaction receipts in branchless banking systems. Our protocol makes novel use of missed calls (sent from users to the bank) to help distinguish real receipts from spoofed ones and can be implemented on any mobile phone, without software installation. Besides preventing spoofing attacks, the protocol enjoys significant advantages of usability, efficiency and cost, which make it a more practical choice than other schemes. We also discuss ways to use missed calls to mitigate man-in-the-middle attacks on branchless banking systems.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130511225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442890
Z. Koradia, P. Aggarwal, Aaditeshwar Seth, Gaurav Luthra
{"title":"Gurgaon idol: a singing competition over community radio and IVRS","authors":"Z. Koradia, P. Aggarwal, Aaditeshwar Seth, Gaurav Luthra","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442890","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe several IVR usage and learnability insights that emerged from a singing competition held by a community radio station located in an urban community of low-income migrant workers. Our community radio station partner, Gurgaon Ki Awaaz, relies heavily on folk songs to build its content repository and develop a close rapport with its community; the station organized a competition called Gurgaon Idol, in which community members could call into an IVR system to record their songs, and vote to select the best songs. Our research yielded several insightful results on how to best solicit audio recordings on IVR, methods for crowdsourced voting on IVR, cultural preferences towards certain voting methods, how to help first-time IVR users learn the system, and practical tips to keep in mind when running such a competition. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to explore usability of voice user interfaces for recording audio and for crowdsourced voting over IVR systems.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133987179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442939
Falko Schmid, Hannes Janetzek, Michael Wladysiak, B. Hu
{"title":"OpenScienceMap: open and free vector maps for low bandwidth applications","authors":"Falko Schmid, Hannes Janetzek, Michael Wladysiak, B. Hu","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442939","url":null,"abstract":"Maps are used for manifold tasks in ICT4D projects: to find ways, to allocate places for building measures, to identify available natural resources like lakes or forests, to map entities of interest like cadastral borders, or document the state and development of measures implemented in the field. Often it is necessary to work with always up-to date maps and to share collected knowledge with others. Outdated maps can entail wrong decisions, e.g., navigation can fail because of the seasonal unavailability of mapped ways, or can take significantly longer due to missing street network data. Incomplete or incorrect classified landuse or natural feature data can result in wrong apportionment of land. The solution to this problem are always up-to-date and updateable online-maps on mobile devices displaying the information that matters for a particular project. In many cases this information is not provided by available map services and needs to be collected and put on the map. OpenStreetMap (OSM) provides open and free geographic data collected by volunteers or donated by mapping agencies. OSM is the natural choice in ICT4D contexts, as everyone can use OSM data and can contribute any kind of spatial data to OSM.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133385954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442912
S. Palkar, E. Brunskill
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of errors made during health data collection using mobile phones: exploring error modeling and automatic diagnosis","authors":"S. Palkar, E. Brunskill","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442912","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile phones are near ubiquitous, and can be easily used to gather and store health data in remote or low resource settings. There exist many systems for supporting such data gathering, including Commcare, Frontline SMS, and OpenData Kit. Survey and health data is often collected by community health workers and frequently includes errors, due to mistakes, challenges with the input interface, systematic error or neglect [1,5]. Automatic detection of errors is important because of its potential impact on aggregate health statistics, and on individual patient treatment. In some important cases, such as tuberculosis diagnosis and monitoring, the space of possible medical diagnoses will generally be significantly smaller than the possible set of symptoms recorded. This suggests that it may be possible to build diagnostic systems whose recommendations are fairly robust to errors in the recorded patient symptoms.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129468089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442926
P. Aggarwal, Gaurav Luthra, Z. Koradia, Aaditeshwar Seth, Pranay Gadodia, George Abraham, Nikita Jain
{"title":"A case study on the use of IVR systems by visually impaired people","authors":"P. Aggarwal, Gaurav Luthra, Z. Koradia, Aaditeshwar Seth, Pranay Gadodia, George Abraham, Nikita Jain","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442926","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRS) have been used extensively to engage with poorly literate populations in the context of public health, farming, community radio, citizen journalism, and other sectors [2--7]. The voice based medium on IVRS, and the easy to use phone interface, seem to have been useful to help poorly literate and non-IT savvy populations to interact with automated computerized systems. In this study, we explore the use of IVRS for visually impaired people. To the best of our knowledge, we have not come across the use of IVR systems as an assistive technology to engage with this segment, and we describe an initial experiment we did in India. Based on our results, we feel much potential lies in researching this further because equivalent systems such as SMS and the use of screen-reading software on phones [1] are available to only trained or educated or higher income users from among visually impaired people.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129563543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442894
Nicola Dell, G. Borriello
{"title":"Mobile tools for point-of-care diagnostics in the developing world","authors":"Nicola Dell, G. Borriello","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442894","url":null,"abstract":"Remote health monitoring and disease detection in the developing world are hampered by a lack of accurate, convenient and affordable diagnostic tests. Many of the tests routinely administered in well-equipped clinical laboratories are inappropriate for the settings encountered at the point of care, where low-income patients may be best served. To address this problem, medical researchers have developed innovative rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that are capable of detecting diseases at the point of care within a single patient visit to a clinic. However, for these new diagnostic technologies to be effective, tools must be developed to support the health workers who will be responsible for administering the tests and interpreting their results. This paper describes the design and initial implementation of ODK Diagnostics, a smartphone application that supports health workers in three ways: (1) by facilitating the creation of digital job aids that provide in-context assistance to users administering RDTs, (2) by automatically interpreting the test results and delivering the diagnosis, and (3) by automating the data collected regarding the type and outcome of the test. Our technical evaluation suggests that the system is capable of accurately reading RDT results and is ready to be field tested with health workers to ensure that it is usable and appropriate for point-of-care settings in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"141 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129603614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACM DEV '13Pub Date : 2013-01-11DOI: 10.1145/2442882.2442902
V. Frías-Martínez, C. Soguero-Ruíz, E. Frías-Martínez, Malvina Josephidou
{"title":"Forecasting socioeconomic trends with cell phone records","authors":"V. Frías-Martínez, C. Soguero-Ruíz, E. Frías-Martínez, Malvina Josephidou","doi":"10.1145/2442882.2442902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2442882.2442902","url":null,"abstract":"National Statistical Institutes typically hire large numbers of enumerators to carry out periodic surveys regarding the socioeconomic status of a society. Such approach suffers from two drawbacks:(i) the survey process is expensive, especially for emerging countries that struggle with their budgets and (ii) the socioeconomic indicators are computed ex-post i.e., after socioeconomic changes have already happened. We propose the use of human behavioral patterns computed from calling records to predict future values of socioeconomic indicators. Our objective is to help institutions be able to forecast socioeconomic changes before they happen while reducing the number of surveys they need to compute. For that purpose, we explore a battery of different predictive approaches for time series and show that multivariate time-series models yield R-square values of up to 0.65 for certain socioeconomic indicators.","PeriodicalId":240004,"journal":{"name":"ACM DEV '13","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127984906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}