{"title":"Impacts of Low-Power Requirements on the LEMS HMS Design","authors":"James C. Olsen","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251868","url":null,"abstract":"Spacecraft designs often require optimizations for low power. When low power is required, design options become limited. The Lunar Environment Monitoring Station (LEMS) exemplifies how requirements for low power can have ramifications across a system, even impacting Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) design. LEMS is a standalone instrument suite concept with a number of sensors that collect geophysical measurements on the surface of the moon. It has completed Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 qualification. Continuous operation on the surface of the moon imposes great challenges, not least of which is power management. Owing to its slow rotation, lunar nighttime and daytimes lasts several weeks, and many science sensors have high power consumption. It is challenging to design a system that can operate during hot temperatures of the daytime and survive the long periods of the frigid nighttime. In fact, the challenge is such that missions that would attempt long duration operations on the moon are exceedingly rare. To complete its science missions, LEMS seeks to survive and operate on the moon for years. To solve the challenge of power management, LEMS utilizes a combination of techniques. A high-efficiency battery sustains operations through the lunar night while LEMS alternates between periods of being “awake” and in “hibernation.” The subsystem of LEMS that handles this switching of states is the Hibernation Management System (HMS). The HMS powers on and off the more power-hungry subsystems, such as the mass spectrometer, command and data handling, and radio, at scheduled intervals. The HMS itself is required to be very low power, which was paramount in the design decisions made for the HMS printed circuit board (PCB) and even in the FPGA’s internal hardware description language (HDL) code.","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127532324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE WIE Forum East","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3266947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3266947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122011877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Foundation Empowers Women in Engineering Through the Establishment of New “Future” Pillar: Inspiring girls and women worldwide to follow their dreams [WIE From Around the World]","authors":"Karen Kaufman","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126576262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commanding the James Webb Space Telescope: OSS and Event-Driven Operations","authors":"Kyle Elliott","doi":"10.1109/MWIE.2023.3251856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWIE.2023.3251856","url":null,"abstract":"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space-based, near- to mid-infrared observatory that follows a novel engineering design: Unlike its infrared predecessors such as the Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory, and many other observatories of similar designs, JWST employs the use of a segmented primary mirror and a Sunshield the size of a tennis court. The 6.5-meter diameter primary mirror renders a light gathering power that is about 6.25 times greater than that of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and, coupled with the fact that it reflects infrared light, enables us to see as far back as about 250 million years following the Big Bang. Orbiting around the second Lagrange Point (L2), roughly 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, JWST enjoys a space environment that imposes fewer constraints on activities than low-Earth orbit does. For instance, there is no South Atlantic Anomaly bombarding spacecraft electronics with high-energy protons, or terminator transitions causing changes in the electrical and thermal environments. All these features enable JWST to address fundamental questions in astronomy surrounding multiple topics, ranging from the evolution of protoplanetary systems, stars, and galaxies, beginning with the very first of their kind, to extrasolar planetary atmospheres and the origins of life.","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125088920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcoming Imposterism: Smith and Reinhart discuss their experiences [Women to Watch]","authors":"Leslie Zucker","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124373523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women in Electronic Musical Instrument Design: A balance shift [Pipelining: Attractive Programs for Women]","authors":"Leslie Zucker","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Tale of Two Telescopes: HKN Eminent Member Asad M. Madni Discusses the Similarities and Differences Between the Two Extraordinary Machines","authors":"Sean Bentley","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251867","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Asad M. Madni is an IEEE-HKN Eminent Member, our Society’s highest membership classification. He is an IEEE Life Fellow and was awarded the 2022 IEEE Medal of Honor, adding to the many honors and awards he has earned throughout his career. He currently serves as a Distinguished Adjunct Professor/Distinguished Scientist in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), a Faculty Fellow with UCLA’s Institute of Transportation Studies, and a Faculty Fellow of UCLA’s Connected Autonomous Electric Vehicle consortium. He previously served as the chairman, president, and chief executive of Systron Donner, and president, chief operating officer, and chief technology officer of BEI. Among his accomplishments at BEI was the development of the extremely slow-motion servo control system for the Hubble Space Telescope’s Star Selector System.","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125510392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embracing Sustainability: Burnett lives her truth [Women to Watch]","authors":"Leslie Zucker","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251840","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127156117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shahnaz Welcomes 2023 [Letter From the Chair]","authors":"Celia Shahnaz","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129664455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolving in Education and Leadership: The Path of Amy K. Jones [Women to Watch]","authors":"Leslie Zucker","doi":"10.1109/mwie.2023.3251839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mwie.2023.3251839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":239894,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116607120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}