World Journal of Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Power quality improvement of large power induction motor drive using three-level front-end converter","authors":"K. Mohanty, Pavankumar Daramukkala","doi":"10.1108/wje-10-2022-0418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2022-0418","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to provide the enhancement of power quality of a high power-rated voltage source inverter driven induction motor with a three-phase, three-level neutral point clamped converter placed at the front end, while a passive power filter is connected in shunt with it. The improvement in power quality can be achieved by reducing the total harmonic distortion in source current. The controllers were designed for the linearization of the high-power induction motor drive. A control method is presented for the regulation of the common DC-link voltage.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The induction motor is modeled using its dynamic equations, and a decoupling controller is designed to linearize the nonlinear dynamics of the drive through feedback. The common DC-link voltage of the proposed front-end connected converter is monitored and controlled through a control method which feeds the pulse width modulated inverter that drives the induction motor. A passive power filter is designed to meet the reactive power requirement of the system in addition to improve the power quality.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Simulations were carried out for the proposed topology of the drive mechanism, and the outcomes were analyzed by a comparative analysis of the drive system both in the presence of the passive filter as well as in the absence of the filter. The total harmonic distortion is found to be reduced enough to meet the standards with the designed filter, and the reactive power is also compensated considerably. The input power factor at the supply side is maintained almost to unity, and the DC-link voltage of the proposed circuit topology is maintained at the desired level. The overall performance of the drive system was found to be useful and economical.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000A new topology of a front-end connected three-level neutral point clamped converter to a high power-rated induction motor drive is proposed. The drive is fed by a pulse width modulated inverter with a common DC-link with the front end connected converter. A passive filter is designed with respect to the reactive power requirement of the system and connected in shunt to the converter at the supply side. Control schemes are designed and used for the drive system and also for the regulation of the common DC-link voltage of the proposed front end connected converter.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47870221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength properties of fiber reinforced concrete including steel fibers","authors":"M. Adlparvar, M. Esmaeili, Mohammad Hossein Taghavi Parsa","doi":"10.1108/wje-12-2021-0680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-12-2021-0680","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study the influence of the presence of steel and polyolefin (PO) fibers on the mechanical and durability properties of fiber and hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC and HFRC).\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Hooked-end steel fibers having a length of 35 mm were applied at four different fiber content 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, respectively. PO fibers having the length of 45 mm were also replaced with steel fibers at three different fiber content, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%, to provide HFRC. The compressive, indirect tensile and flexural strengths; electrical resistivity; and water absorption were evaluated in this study.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results showed that the addition of both steel and PO fibers led to improvements in the mechanical properties of FRC and HFRC. However, the replacement of steel fibers with PO fibers led to a slight loss in mechanical properties. Also, it was concluded that the addition of various types of fibers to concrete decreased both the electrical resistivity and water absorption compared with the control sample. Finally, distance-based approach analysis was used to select the most optimal mix designs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000According to this method, the HFRC specimen including 1.2% of steel and 0.8% of PO fibers was the most optimal mix design among all fiber-reinforced mix designs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45580123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of dam-break flood wave propagation using HEC-RAS 2D and GIS: case study of Taksebt dam in Algeria","authors":"Leghouchi Abdelghani","doi":"10.1108/wje-10-2022-0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2022-0405","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to predict the consequences associated with the propagation of the flood wave that may occur after the failure of the Taksebt dam and suggest an efficient emergency action plan for mitigation purposes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To achieve the objectives of this study, the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS 2D was used for the flood routing of the dam-break wave, which gave an estimate of the hydraulic characteristics downstream the Taksebt dam.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Geospatial analysis of the simulation results conducted in a geographic information system (GIS) environment showed that many residential areas are considered to be in danger in case of the Taksebt dam-break event. Based on the obtained results, an emergency actions plan was suggested to moderate the causalities in the downstream area at risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Overall, this study showed that the integration of 2D hydraulic modeling and GIS provides great capabilities in providing realistic view of the dam-break wave propagation that enhances assessing the associated risks and proposing appropriate mitigation measures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46631448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New approach for the mix design of high-strength concretes valorization of local aggregates","authors":"Sabah Ben Messaoud","doi":"10.1108/wje-04-2022-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2022-0161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to understanding the influence of factors such as the water/cement (W/C) ratio and the granular class on the mechanical and physical properties of high-strength concretes (HSCs). In the formulations of HSC, aggregates by their high mass and volume proportion play an important role. When selecting aggregates, it is necessary to know their intrinsic properties. These properties influence the performance of concrete, in particular the quality of the granulate cimentary adhesion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This experimental study focused on the effect of W/C ratio (0.25, 0.30, 0.35), the effect of replacing a part of cement by silica fume (SF) (8%), the effect of fraction of aggregate on properties of fresh and hardened concrete, the effect of different environment conversation like drinking water and sea water on compressive strength and the study of absorption of water and softening using the mix design method of the University of Sherbrooke combined with the Dreux-Gorisse method which gives good results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000At the end of our work, the examination of the results obtained made it possible to establish the correlations between the formulations studied and the physicomechanical characteristics of the concrete compositions (HSC25, HSC16, HSC8). The results of this study show that the use of three granular classifications (DMAX8, DMAX16 and DMAX25) and three report W/C (0.25, 0.30 and 0.35) in two different conservation environment (drinking water and sea water) give HSCs, HSC25 with an W/C = 0.25 ratio has reached the largest mechanical strength of 90 MPa for different environments of conservation. For selecting aggregates, it is necessary to know their intrinsic properties, these properties influence the strength of concrete. In general, there is a slight decrease in the compressive resistance of the specimens stored in seawater, it can be said that the conservation life has not had effect on the resistance (28 days). The effect of aggressive environment can appear in the long term.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Mixed design and concrete fabrication with a 28-day compressive strength of up to 68 MPa or more of 90 MPa can now be possible used in Jiel (Algeria), and it should no longer be considered to be used only in an experimental domain. Addition of SF in concrete showed good development of strength between 7 and 28 days, depending on the design of the mix.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Concrete containing 8% SF with W/B of 0.25 has higher compressive strength than the other concretes, and concretes with SF are more resistant than concretes without SF, so it is possible to have concrete with a compressive strength of 82 MPa for W/C 0.25 without SF. Like as a result, we can avoid the use of SF to affect the strength of concrete at compressive strength of 68 MPa, and a slump of 21 cm, because the SF is the most expensive ingredient used in the composition of concrete and is there","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44533869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The magnitude of stress concentration of I-beam with web opening because of lateral-torsional buckling effects","authors":"N. Hashim, F. De’nan","doi":"10.1108/wje-06-2022-0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2022-0234","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000It is generally known that the perforated section such as the castellated section is good to sustain distributed loads but inadequate to sustain highly concentrated loads. Therefore, it is possible to design the opening in a different arrangement of web opening to achieve section efficiency, thus improving the strength and torsional behaviour of the section with web opening. This study aims to focus on the finite element analysis of I-beam with and without openings in steel section dominated to lateral-torsional buckling behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this work, the analysis of different sizes, shapes and arrangements of web opening is performed by using LUSAS application to conduct numerical analysis on lateral-torsional buckling behaviour. This involves three diameter sizes of web opening, five types of opening shapes and two criteria of the model.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The section with c-hexagon web opening was placed about 200-mm centre to centre and 100-mm edge distance, contribute to 7.26% increase of buckling capacity. For the section with 150-mm centre to centre and 50-mm edge distance, the occurrence of local buckling contributes to decrease of lateral buckling section capacity to 19.943 kNm, where pure lateral-torsional buckling mostly occurred because of prevented section. Besides that, the web opening diameter was also analysed. The web crippling was observed because of the increase of opening diameter from 0.67 to 0.80 D.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This contributes to a decrease in buckling capacity as figured in the contour of the deformed shape. For Model 1, an increase of buckling capacity (31.46%) is observed when the opening diameter are changed from 0.67 to 0.80 D.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49535055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis of web opening configuration on cold-formed steel hat purlin under torsion behaviour","authors":"Yingyan Jin, F. De’nan, K. K. Choong, N. Hashim","doi":"10.1108/wje-08-2022-0332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2022-0332","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Cold-formed steel has been used extensively as secondary elements such as purlins and girts in building frames. Purlin is critical to the structure of the roof because it supports the weight of the roof deck and aids to make the entire roof structure more rigid. Furthermore, cold-formed steel purlin is a replacement for wood purlin because steel purlins are light weight and more economical. Hence, the purpose of this study to investigate the effect of opening due to torsion behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This analysis used cold-formed steel hat purlin with and without openings (WOs) under different opening shape, location and spacing by using finite element LUSAS software.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The finite element results showed that purlin with openings had higher angle of rotation than section WO, with a percentage difference of not more than 6%. When the opening was located at mid-span, the angle of rotation reduced. Angle of rotation increased when the opening spacing increased. Number of openings also affected the torsional behaviour of the purlin. Five opening shapes, which were circle, diamond, C-hexagon, square and elongated circle, were studied. Among all the shapes, purlin with diamond opening was more resistance to torsion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The use of cold-formed steel section with web openings (rectangular or circular) is a practical solution when it is required to pass service ducts through the structural member. However, the presence of opening gives minor effect on the structural behaviour of cold-formed steel hat purlin.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of the effects of luminaire installation geometries and other factors on road illumination system photometric parameters and energy efficiency","authors":"Sourin Bhattacharya, Sanjib Majumder, Subarna Roy","doi":"10.1108/wje-09-2022-0372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2022-0372","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Properly planned road illumination systems are collectively a public wealth and the commissioning of such systems may require extensive planning, simulation and testing. The purpose of this simulative work is to offer a simple approach to facilitate luminance-based road lighting calculations that can be easier to comprehend and apply to practical designing problems when compared to complex multi-objective algorithms and other convoluted simulative techniques.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Road illumination systems were photometrically simulated with a created model in a validated software platform for specified system design configurations involving high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with the simulatively obtained data set to propound a linear model of estimating average luminance, overall uniformity of luminance and energy efficiency of lighting installations, and the simulatively obtained data set was used to explore luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics for common geometric design configurations involving HPS and LED luminaires, and four categories of road surfaces.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The six linear equations of the propounded linear model were found to be well-fitted with their corresponding observation sets. Moreover, it was found that the luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics were well-fitted with linear trendlines and the increment in road surface average luminance level per watt increment of luminaire power was marginally higher for LEDs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This neoteric approach of estimating road surface luminance parameters and energy efficiency of lighting installations, and the compendia of luminaire power–road surface average luminance characteristics offer new insights that can prove to be very useful for practical purposes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42993074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in finned tube arrays: the effects of tube material and fin density","authors":"Pravin H. Yadav, Sandip R. Desai, D. Mohanty","doi":"10.1108/wje-05-2022-0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2022-0215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to present investigations on the significant influence of the tube material and fin density on fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding in a parallel triangular finned tube array subjected to water cross flow.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The experiment was conducted on finned tube arrays with a fin height of 6 mm and fin density of 3 fins per inch (fpi) and 9 fpi. A dedicated setup has been developed to examine fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding. Nine parallel triangular tube arrays with a pitch to tube diameter ratio of 1.78 were considered. The plain tube arrays, coarse finned tube arrays and fine finned tube arrays each of steel, copper and aluminium materials were tested. Plain tube arrays were tested to compare the results of the finned tube arrays having an effective tube diameter same as that of the plain tube.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A significant effect of fin density and tube material with a variable mass damping parameter was observed on the instability threshold. In the parallel triangular finned tube array subjected to water cross flow, a delay in the instability threshold was observed with an increase in fin density. For steel and aluminium tube arrays, the natural frequency is 9.77 Hz and 10.38 Hz, which is close to each other, whereas natural frequency of the copper tubes is 7.40 Hz. The Connors’ stability constant K for steel and aluminium tube arrays is 4.78 and 4.87, respectively, whereas it is 5.76 for copper tube arrays, which increases considerably compared to aluminum and steel tube arrays. The existence of vortex shedding is confirmed by comparing experimental results with Owen’s hypothesis and the Strouhal number and Reynolds number relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper’s results contribute to understand the effect of tube materials and fin density on fluid elastic instability threshold of finned tube arrays subjected to water cross flow.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of a novel solar cogeneration system for generating potable water and electricity","authors":"Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju, A. K, Vijesh Jayan, S. Natarajan","doi":"10.1108/wje-05-2022-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2022-0185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The utilisation of renewable energy sources for generating electricity and potable water is one of the most sustainable approaches in the current scenario. Therefore, the current research aims to design and develop a novel co-generation system to address the electricity and potable water needs of rural areas.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The cogeneration system mainly consists of a solar parabolic dish concentrator (SPDC) system with a concentrated photo-voltaic module at the receiver for electricity generation. It is further integrated with a low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) system for generating potable water. Also, a novel corn cob filtration system is introduced for the pre-treatment to reduce the salt content in seawater before circulating it into the receiver of the SPDC system. The designed novel co-generation system has been numerically and experimentally tested to analyse the performance at Karaikal, U.T. of Puducherry, India.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Because of the pre-treatment with a corn cob, the scale formation in the pipes of the SPDC system is significantly reduced, which enhances the efficiency of the system. It is observed that the conductivity, pH and TDS of seawater are reduced significantly after the pre-treatment by the corncob filtration system. Also, the integrated system is capable of generating 6–8 litres of potable water per day.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The integration of the corncob filtration system reduced the scaling formation compared to the general circulation of water in the hoses. Also, the integrated SPDC and LTTD systems are comparatively economical to generate higher yields of clean water than solar stills.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45679393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and prediction of WEDM parameters for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloy","authors":"E. K. Mussada","doi":"10.1108/wje-05-2022-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2022-0201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of the study is to establish a predictive model for sustainable wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) by using adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS). Machining was done on Titanium grade 2 alloy, which is also nicknamed as workhorse of commercially pure titanium industry. ANFIS, being a state-of-the-art technology, is a highly sophisticated and reliable technique used for the prediction and decision-making.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Keeping in the mind the complex nature of WEDM along with the goal of sustainable manufacturing process, ANFIS was chosen to construct predictive models for the material removal rate (MRR) and power consumption (Pc), which reflect environmental and economic aspects. The machining parameters chosen for the machining process are pulse on-time, wire feed, wire tension, servo voltage, servo feed and peak current.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The ANFIS predicted values were verified experimentally, which gave a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.329 for MRR and 0.805 for Pc. The significantly low RMSE verifies the accuracy of the process.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000ANFIS has been there for quite a time, but it has not been used yet for its possible application in the field of sustainable WEDM of titanium grade-2 alloy with emphasis on MRR and Pc. The novelty of the work is that a predictive model for sustainable machining of titanium grade-2 alloy has been successfully developed using ANFIS, thereby showing the reliability of this technique for the development of predictive models and decision-making for sustainable manufacturing.\u0000","PeriodicalId":23852,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}