{"title":"Robust Speech Enhancement Using Dabauchies Wavelet Based Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding for the Development of Robust Automatic Speech Recognition: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Mahadevaswamy Shanthamallappa","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11448-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11448-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing a robust Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system is a major challenge in speech signal processing research. These systems perform exceedingly well in clean environments. However, the performance of these systems is not acceptable when the spoken signal is corrupted by several environmental and other artificial noises. The efficiency of any ASR system depends on several factors such as size of the vocabulary, native language influences, transmission channel, emotional and health state of the speaker, age of the speaker, designed speech corpus, size of the dataset, training and testing strategy and its preprocessing and other challenges. It is well known fact that the presence of noise in speech signal degrades its perceptual quality and intelligibility and hence ASR system performance is also affected. So, in this paper Dabauchies Wavelet based time adaptive Bayes thresholding algorithm is proposed with a custom Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Reconstruction Tree. The proposed system performance is evaluated on the Private Kannada Dataset and TIMIT dataset. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed system in various SNR levels such as − 10, − 5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 dB. The article begins with introductory insights on ASR, Physiological process of speech production and perception in Humans, ASR jorgans, the architecture of ASR, and barriers associated with the ASR design. The work also focus on dataset design, baseline speech enhancement methods. This work provides comprehensive review to Wavelet based speech enhancement approach to the research scholars pursuing research in the area of speech signal processing. </p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of GFDM System Using USRP","authors":"Valluri Siva Prasad, Venkata Mani Vakamulla, Chakravarthy Gunturu","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11329-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11329-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is a flexible block structured multicarrier scheme for next generation wireless systems featuring low out-of-band radiation and high spectrum efficiency. There are various approaches suggested for its analysis via simulations but testing in real time environments is necessary for its standardization. Traditional data aided methods of synchronization avoid the effect of egress noise in pilot preamble destroying its spectral advantage. To safeguard this advantage, preamble needs to be pulse shaped. The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of generalized maximum likelihood estimation of frequency and time offsets for receiver synchronization in GFDM systems, using the modified preamble by the application of matrix inversion lemma. The dependency of the choice of the filter on Cramer–Rao lower bound of frequency offset estimation is also emphasized. The performance of the system is analysed over additive white Gaussian noise and multipath channel environments. The authors carried out real time implementation of GFDM system using IEEE 802.11 short preamble in indoor environments by employing national instruments universal software radio peripheral 2953R boards as hardware platform which is interfaced with LABVIEW for practical validations of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of the Multiplicative SPAD Noise on the Diffusion Adaptive Networks with Noisy VLC Links","authors":"Hosein Abdavinejad, Changiz Ghobadi, Javad Nourinia, Ehsan Mostafapour","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11502-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11502-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The visible light communication (VLC) technology has been gathering attention recently and as the emerging systems and appliances in this technology are still new, their behavior and performance issues must be taken into the consideration as much as possible. This paper aims to fully model the noise that is emanating from the usage of the Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in the VLC systems. This noise is either modeled with the sub-Poisson or Gaussian plus sub-Poisson distributions. These noise models are then applied to the diffusion adaptive networks to show the real-world impact of the VLC noisy links on their performances. The radio noisy link impacts have been investigated on the performance of the diffusion adaptive networks, however, the effects of the optical link noise on their performances is the contribution of this paper. Also, using the realistic and precise models for the optical noise is another novelty in this paper. The results show that the diffusion network can be implemented using VLC appliances and the existence of the SPAD noise will not hinder the convergence of this network.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arif Ullah, Tanweer Alam, Chakir Aziza, Dorsaf Sebai, Laith Abualigah
{"title":"A Hybrid Strategy for Reduction in Time Consumption for Cloud Datacenter Using HMBC Algorithm","authors":"Arif Ullah, Tanweer Alam, Chakir Aziza, Dorsaf Sebai, Laith Abualigah","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11395-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11395-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cloud technology is a utility where different hardware and software resources are accessed on pay-per-user ground base. Most of these resources are available in virtualized form and virtual machine (VM) is one of the main elements of visualization. In virtualization, a physical server changes into the virtual machine (VM) and acts as a physical server. Due to the large number of users sometimes the task sent by the user to cloud causes the VM to be under loaded or overloaded. This system state happens due to poor task allocation process in VM and causes the system failure or user tasks delayed. For the improvement of task allocation, several load-balancing techniques are introduced in a cloud but stills the system failure occurs. Therefore we hybrid modified artificial bee colony for improvement in task allocation of VM and minimizing time consummation in cloud datacenter like makespan, total processing time, response time of algorithms, response time of datacenter and degree of imbalance. The consequences of the proposed task-scheduling algorithm are matched with existing heuristic-based scheduling procedures. The experimental consequences demonstrate that our approach is efficient when it is compared with the existing algorithms and reduce 1.7% in time consumption for cloud datacenter.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Koch Curves and Hexagonal Ring-Shaped Geometry Based Ultra-Wideband Fractal Antenna","authors":"Gurpreet Bharti, Jagtar Singh Sivia","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11521-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11521-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The manuscript investigates the utilization of Koch curves and hexagonal ring-shaped geometry for an ultra-wideband fractal antenna, achieved through a combination of DGS, parasitic elements, and EC-SRR. The antenna's properties are investigated without and with DGS, Parasitic element, and EC-SRR in the hexagonal ring-shaped geometries for broader band characteristics. Simulation results show that the antenna designed without DGS resonates at five distinct frequencies, while with DGS, Parasitic element, and SRR, it resonates at six frequencies. An enhanced bandwidth of 10.42 GHz (99.43%) is revealed in the final antenna geometry, and the proposed antenna resonates at six frequencies, 3.4, 5.8, 8.5, 11, 14.2, and 15 GHz, with reflection coefficients of − 24.33, − 38.10, − 28.35, − 27.39, − 32.32, and − 15.93 dB, respectively. Combining a defected ground structure, parasitic element, and EC-SRR increases frequency bands and enhances the BW and reflection coefficient. With an overall dimension of 30 mm × 24 mm, the proposed antenna is suitable for wireless applications in the frequency ranges of 2.40–3.89 GHz and 5.33–15.75 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated, and the results are measured. It is found that simulated and measured results are in good agreement with each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MOVE in ROAD: Multi-objective Vehicle Monitoring Using River Formation Dynamics and Deep Learning Algorithms","authors":"Koppala Guravaiah, Niharika Naik Dharavathu, Venkanna Udutalapally, Leela Velusamy Rangaraj","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11493-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11493-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>These days, a significant portion of the solutions for vehicle Internet of things applications come from wireless sensor networks. This article uses cameras, radio-frequency identification, and ultrasonic sensors to address typical issues with vehicle technology, such as unlawful vehicle use inside a community, vehicle thefts, and vehicle accidents. It also addresses the issue of identifying vehicle pollution parameter values like carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (<span>(textrm{CO}_2)</span>), providing information about the driver’s alcohol consumption, and verifying the driver’s eligibility (driving license). The driving license will be used to identify the driver. Deep learning algorithms, such as Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks and facenet algorithms, can identify driving licenses. The proposed algorithm has an 92% accuracy rate in detecting the driver’s face. The proposed system is installed and demonstrated using Micro-controller, Micro-processor and other sensors in real time environment. The River Formation Dynamics based Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Vehicles (RFDMRPV) is used for communication between vehicles. Data collected from the sensors mounted in vehicles are communicated to server utilizing RFDMRPV for storing. Alert the driver, owner of the vehicle and other authorities depending on the acquired sensor results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact Annular-Shaped Four-Port MIMO Antenna for Mid-band 5G/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/ISM Band/WLAN and IoT Applications","authors":"Akhilesh Kumar, Prabina Pattanayak, Ramesh Kumar Verma, Ganesh Prasad","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11522-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11522-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A four-port annular ring patch antenna with a symmetrical slotted partial ground structure for mid-band 5G/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi/ISM band/WLAN and IoT applications at an operating frequency of 2.5 GHz is proposed. The proposed geometry is fabricated over the FR-4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant 4.4, thickness of the substrate 1.6 mm, and loss tangent of 0.02. Moreover, the complete electrical dimension of presented design is 0.62<span>(lambda _{0} times )</span> 0.48<span>(lambda _{0} times )</span> 0.013<span>(lambda _{0})</span>, where <span>(lambda _{0})</span> is wavelength in the free space corresponding to the resonating frequency (i.e., 2.5 GHz). In the proposed work, for enhancing the isolation a vertical slotted strip is used in the middle of the ground plane. Furthermore, we also enhanced the MIMO parameters performances, such as a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) between antenna elements, good diversity gain (DG), low channel capacity loss (CCL), acceptable mean effective gain (MEG), and better total active reflection coefficient (TARC) in the operating band. Moreover, due to four elements the presented work provide the higher data rates, excellent throughput of the signals and improve communication reliability as well as signal strength. The values of different parameters obtained for the proposed structure are as follows; antenna realized gain of 4.65 dBi, total efficiency of 96%, ECC < 0.025, DG is 9.98 dB, CCL < 0.012 bits/s/Hz, and MEG lies in between <span>(-)</span> 3 dB and <span>(-)</span> 12 dB. Throughout the band, the maximum isolation achieved among all ports is < <span>(-)</span> 26.4 dB. The overall frequency range for which reflection coefficient < <span>(-)</span> 10 dB is 2.36 to 2.99 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pradeep Bedi, Sanjoy Das, S. B. Goyal, Anand Singh Rajawat, Manoj Kumar
{"title":"Energy-Efficient and Congestion-Thermal Aware Routing Protocol for WBAN","authors":"Pradeep Bedi, Sanjoy Das, S. B. Goyal, Anand Singh Rajawat, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11481-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11481-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For remote health monitoring, activity tracking, and other applications in healthcare such as sports, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have become a feasible technology. However, the limited resources and dynamic nature of WBANs pose significant challenges to designing efficient and reliable routing protocols. To address these challenges, the proposed work suggests a thermal-aware, energy-efficient, and congestion-aware routing protocol (TECRP) for WBAN. TECRP focuses on improving transmission in both inter-WBAN and intra-WBAN scenarios. It addresses three key Quality of Service (QoS) parameters: energy efficiency, node temperature, and congestion, aiming to enhance overall WBAN communication efficiency. To achieve all these parameters, the algorithm is considered a multi-objective problem. The analysis shows that the temperature rises and delay increases with the number of data transmission, but the multi-objective approach helps to mitigate such effects. The result analysis shows that the path loss values fluctuate with increasing data transmission and network traffic. But the temperature rise increases with more data transmission and larger packets. On the other hand, the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) decreases with an increase in data transmission and with larger packet sizes. This shows that with higher congestion ratios, a higher likelihood of packet loss is seen. But in overall performance, the proposed TECRP shows better efficiency and congestion management as compared to other existing state-of-art-models and achieves high PDR, and minimizes packet loss. The proposed approach shows 0.42% improvement in energy efficiency as compared to existing approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Low-Profile Pattern and Polarization Diversity Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with Full Azimuth Coverage for Indoor Access Points","authors":"Son Xuat Ta, Thanh Tung Phung","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11513-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11513-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A low-profile multi-port dual-band antenna with pattern and polarization diversity is presented for 2.45 and 5.8 GHz bands. The antenna consists of a monopolar patch for vertically polarized (VP) omnidirectional radiation and four combining printed-dipole and tapered-slot elements arranged in a circular shape for horizontally polarized (HP) multibeam radiation, and consequently, both pattern and polarization diversities are achieved in the full azimuth plane. The monopolar patch employs four vias and a square-ring slot to excite <span>(TM_{01})</span> and <span>(TM_{02})</span> modes at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. Each HP element utilizes printed-dipole and tapered-slot modes for the lower and upper bands, respectively. The VP and HP elements are collocated with a common ground plane, which not only allows a low profile but also broadens the lower band of the monopolar mode. The final design with 0.03<span>(lambda _{2.45-GHz})</span> height yields a measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 8.6% and 6.7% at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively, and an isolation <span>(ge)</span> 20 dB among all the ports. Its pattern and polarization diversities are validated by far-field measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Enhanced Multi Attribute Based Trusted Attack Resistance (EMBTR) for the Secure Routing of Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"A. B. Feroz Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11277-024-11504-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11504-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-level security is crucial for protecting sensitive information transmitted across wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Secure routing plays a key role in preventing impersonation attacks within the network. Although numerous state-of-the-art routing models based on trusted metrics aim to enhance WSN security, challenges remain due to the network's dynamic nature. This paper introduces an enhanced multi-attribute-based trusted attack resistance (EMBTR) algorithm designed to securely manage routing using nodes' trust values. The proposed approach leverages Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as stability rate (SR), reliability rate (RR), and elapsed time (ET) to improve network performance and combat trust-related attacks. By isolating misbehaving nodes based on their trust metrics, the algorithm establishes a reliable communication route. Comparisons with existing routing algorithms like TSRM (Trust-based Secure Routing Model) and TARF (Trust-aware Routing Framework for WSNs) demonstrate that the EMBTR algorithm effectively detects and eliminates malicious nodes, providing secure routing with higher detection rates and limited energy consumption compared to current solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23827,"journal":{"name":"Wireless Personal Communications","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}