Xenobiotica最新文献_第3页

Study of the urinary metabolites of 17ɑ-methyl-19-nortestosterone in human using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Preliminary results. 用气相色谱-质谱法研究人尿中17 -甲基-19-去甲睾酮的代谢产物。初步结果。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2494649

R Montes de Oca Porto, D Martinez Brito, O Terrero Serrano, M T Correa Vidal

{"title":"Study of the urinary metabolites of 17ɑ-methyl-19-nortestosterone in human using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Preliminary results.","authors":"R Montes de Oca Porto, D Martinez Brito, O Terrero Serrano, M T Correa Vidal","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2494649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2025.2494649","url":null,"abstract":"1. 17ɑ-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT), a steroid prohibited in sport, has been marketed since the 1990s, however their use is increasingly, mainly because it is contained in nutritional supplements. The study of the metabolism of the prohibited substances for athletes allows to identify new metabolites that could increase the veracity of the results. This work studied preliminary the in-vivo metabolism of MNT.2. The study was conducted after a single oral administration dose using the simple quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography and considering the steroids classic metabolic reactions.3. Nine MNT metabolites were detected in urine. Mass spectra and fragmentation patterns were proposed for each metabolite. In addition to MNT, the detection of four metabolites corroborated what is described in the specialised literature. However, to our knowledge, four other metabolites have not been explicitly described. According to the time-course, three metabolites were still detected at 96-, 84- and 72-hours port-administration. These detection windows can increase by using other instrumentations such as a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vivo inhibition of CYP2E1 fails to reduce pulegone-induced liver injury in mice. 体内抑制CYP2E1不能减轻普乐酮引起的小鼠肝损伤。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2493620

Liwen Huan, Yahong Zhang, Wenwen Liu, Hongyu Lu, Cai Zhang, Runting Yin, Zhen Ouyang, Yuan Wei

{"title":"In vivo inhibition of CYP2E1 fails to reduce pulegone-induced liver injury in mice.","authors":"Liwen Huan, Yahong Zhang, Wenwen Liu, Hongyu Lu, Cai Zhang, Runting Yin, Zhen Ouyang, Yuan Wei","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2493620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2025.2493620","url":null,"abstract":"1. Pulegone, an active component of the Chinese herb Mentha haplocalyx Briq., is primarily found in Mentha arvensis oil. It exerts toxic effects on the liver, nervous system, and kidneys, and its excessive intake leads to various adverse reactions and potentially fatal outcomes. CYP2E1 is considered the major metabolic enzyme that produces toxic metabolites of pulegone, which in turn cause toxicity in hepatocytes.2. This study aimed to establish a method for treating pulegone-induced acute liver injury via in vivo inhibition of CYP2E1 in mice.3. Acute liver toxicity was observed in mice intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg/kg pulegone, manifested as elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), disorganisation of the hepatic lobular structure, degeneration of hepatocytes, karyopyknosis, apoptosis, and upregulation of inflammatory factors. Hepatic CYP2E1 expression was inhibited by the delivery of siRNA in lipid nanoparticles in mice.4. However, experimental results showed that si-Cyp2e1 LNPs could not ameliorate acute liver injury induced by pulegone. Interestingly, bicyclol could attenuate that liver injury in mice, which may be related to the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone) in zebrafish: histopathological and oxidative stress analysis. 斑马鱼的二苯甲酮-3（氧苯酮）：组织病理学和氧化应激分析。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2494655

Ana Elizia Cunha Carvalho, Ana Clara Rodrigues de Oliveira, Francisco de Sousa Holanda, Eduardo Libanio Reis Santos, Jeffesson de Oliveira-Lima

{"title":"Benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone) in zebrafish: histopathological and oxidative stress analysis.","authors":"Ana Elizia Cunha Carvalho, Ana Clara Rodrigues de Oliveira, Francisco de Sousa Holanda, Eduardo Libanio Reis Santos, Jeffesson de Oliveira-Lima","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2494655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2025.2494655","url":null,"abstract":"Benzophenone-3, commonly known as oxybenzone, is an organic compound widely used in sunscreens and personal care products for protection against UVA and UVB rays. Due to its environmental persistence and potential toxicity, this study evaluated the effects of BP-3 at an environmentally relevant concentration (1 µg/L) on the gills, kidney, and antioxidant system of zebrafish (Danio rerio).Adult male zebrafish were randomly distributed into three groups, each with three replicates (n = 10 per group): water control, solvent control, and 1 µg/L BP-3, using a static exposure system for 96 hours. After the experiment, histopathological analyses of the gills and kidneys were performed, along with biochemical assessments of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Exposure to BP-3 resulted in significant histopathological alterations in the gills, including vascular congestion, epithelial detachment, edoema, and lamellar aneurysm, indicating severe damage to respiratory function. In the kidneys, glomerular capillary dilation, tubular cell vacuolisation, and focal necrosis were observed, suggesting renal dysfunction. Biochemical analyses revealed impairment of the antioxidant defense system: in the gills, SOD activity decreased, while CAT remained unchanged, indicating oxidative stress accumulation. In the kidneys, SOD activity significantly increased, while CAT decreased, suggesting enzymatic imbalance and cumulative oxidative damage.These results demonstrate that BP-3, even at low concentrations, induces significant histopathological and biochemical alterations in the gills and kidneys of D. rerio, highlighting its potential to compromise organ function and antioxidant defences. These findings underscore the need for stricter regulation of BP-3 release into aquatic environments to mitigate its ecotoxicological impacts and protect aquatic biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diisononyl phthalate down-regulates the expression of antioxidant genes NFE2L2, TXN, and TXNRD2, while diethyl-hexyl terephthalate up-regulates their expression including SOD-1. 邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯下调抗氧化基因NFE2L2、TXN和TXNRD2的表达，而邻苯二甲酸二乙酯上调SOD-1等抗氧化基因的表达。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2493619

Daniel A Torres-García, Victor E Balderas-Hernández, Ana P Barba de la Rosa, Antonio De Leon-Rodriguez

{"title":"Diisononyl phthalate down-regulates the expression of antioxidant genes NFE2L2, TXN, and TXNRD2, while diethyl-hexyl terephthalate up-regulates their expression including SOD-1.","authors":"Daniel A Torres-García, Victor E Balderas-Hernández, Ana P Barba de la Rosa, Antonio De Leon-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2493619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2025.2493619","url":null,"abstract":"Phthalates, widely utilised as plasticisers to enhance the flexibility of rigid materials like polyvinyl chloride, are known for their endocrine-disrupting properties and cytotoxic effects.This study investigated the impact of Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and Diethyl-hexyl terephthalate (DEHT) on human endothelial cells (EA.hy926).The assessment focused on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the antioxidant-responsive genes expression (NFE2L2, SOD1, TXN, and TXNRD2) following exposure to varying 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL of DINP or DEHT.Cell viability was determined using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. ROS were measured using the DCFDA assay.Gene expression analysis was conducted via qRT-PCR after 48 h of exposure. Results revealed that DINP 100 µg/mL significantly reduced cell viability at 11 and 17% at 48 and 72 h, respectively, whereas increased LDH release by 69% at 48 h. ROS levels also rose by 19-30%, accompanied by down-regulation of NFE2L2, TXN, and TXNRD2.Conversely, DEHT had no adverse effect on cell viability or LDH levels but elevated ROS production (11-14%) and induced up-regulation of antioxidant genes, including SOD1.The findings indicate that DINP exposure could negatively affect the cellular antioxidant response, whereas DEHT leads to up-regulation of antioxidant genes without detrimental effects on viability.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of eugenol-fortified fisetin-loaded nano-invasomes gel. 丁香酚强化非瑟酮纳米侵入体凝胶的研制。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2478928

Abdul Ahad, Mohammad Raish, Yousef A Bin Jardan, Abdullah M Al-Mohizea, Fahad I Al-Jenoobi

{"title":"Development of eugenol-fortified fisetin-loaded nano-invasomes gel.","authors":"Abdul Ahad, Mohammad Raish, Yousef A Bin Jardan, Abdullah M Al-Mohizea, Fahad I Al-Jenoobi","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2478928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2478928","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of current investigation was to develop eugenol-fortified fisetin nano-invasomes. Fisetin-loaded invasomes were prepared using thin film hydration procedure and evaluated for various parameters. Additionally, the optimised fisetin invasomes formulation (F5) was converted to fisetin invasomes gel using Carbopol® as gelling agent and evaluated for pH, spreadability, homogeneity, drug content, in vitro fisetin release, antioxidant activity and stability study.Prepared optimised fisetin invasomes formulation (F5) demonstrated vesicles size, PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of 153.85 ± 14.32 nm, 0.208 ± 0.042, -12.67 ± 1.08 mV and 72.10 ± 6.36%. The TEM image indicated that the prepared invasomes vesicles are intact, spherical and found in the range of nanosized scale. Prepared fisetin invasomes gel showed better spreadability and in vitro fisetin released in contrast to fisetin control gel. Substantial improvement in the DPPH radical scavenging activity of fisetin invasomes gel 44.70% (3.1 µM) and 83.94% (50 µM), was noted as compared to the control gel at 39.47% (3.1 µM) and 79.10% at (50 µM). The prepared fisetin invasomes gel formulation was found stable at 4 °C.Based on the results, prepared invasomes gel formulation was found as a viable method for better delivery of bioactive compound(s) including fisetin.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioavailability and dose proportionality of a highly lipophilic phenolic antioxidant. 一种高度亲脂性酚类抗氧化剂的生物利用度和剂量比例。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2465237

Elena A Yanovskaya, Galina A Frelikh, Alexander P Lakeev, Vera I Smolyakova, Galina A Chernysheva

{"title":"Bioavailability and dose proportionality of a highly lipophilic phenolic antioxidant.","authors":"Elena A Yanovskaya, Galina A Frelikh, Alexander P Lakeev, Vera I Smolyakova, Galina A Chernysheva","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2465237","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2465237","url":null,"abstract":"IBP (2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol) is a camphene derivative with unique pharmacological properties and low toxicity. It exhibits pronounced antioxidant and membrane-protective effects, making it a promising cardio- and neuroprotector.The aim of the study was investigating the pharmacokinetics of IBP in rats after intravenous (1 mg/kg) and oral administration at three doses (10, 25, 50 mg/kg). Specifically, we focused on assessing the bioavailability and dose proportionality following oral administration.Blood samples were collected via a jugular vein catheter, and plasma samples were analysed using a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters was performed by both non-compartmental and compartmental approaches. The proposed dosage form for intravenous administration was a multicomponent mixture containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.Concentration of IBP in the body after intravenous administration decreased over time, exhibiting bi-exponential decay kinetics. IBP reached peak concentrations immediately and was rapidly distributed into the peripheral compartment after intravenous administration. The systemic exposure after oral administration was proportional to the dose. The calculated absolute oral bioavailability of IBP was no more than 20%.The value of the average half-life of IBP after intravenous administration exceeded similar values after oral administration by 1.5-1.6 times.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of ABC transporters by sorafenib and lenvatinib: implications for drug-induced cholestasis. sorafenib和lenvatinib对ABC转运蛋白的抑制：对药物性胆汁淤积的影响。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2475501

Getahun Befirdu Abza, Kristof De Vos, Pieter Annaert

引用次数: 0

Nrf2 signaling pathway studies in Drosophila melanogaster: parallel roles in human health and insect environmental responses. 黑腹果蝇Nrf2信号通路研究：在人类健康和昆虫环境反应中的平行作用

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2465239

Jingyi Li, Shushen Sun, Ying Li, Mengzhe Tian, Xinyi Li, Suxia Ren, Zengyi Huang, Yiwen Wang, Shaoshan Du

{"title":"Nrf2 signaling pathway studies in Drosophila melanogaster: parallel roles in human health and insect environmental responses.","authors":"Jingyi Li, Shushen Sun, Ying Li, Mengzhe Tian, Xinyi Li, Suxia Ren, Zengyi Huang, Yiwen Wang, Shaoshan Du","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2465239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2465239","url":null,"abstract":"The Nrf2 signalling pathway is crucial for cellular defense against oxidative stress and xenobiotic toxicity, highlighting its importance in both human health and environmental responses.This review focuses on the dual role of Drosophila melanogaster in Nrf2 research: we utilised the PubMed database to collect and summarised research articles on fruit fly Nrf2 studies published in the past decade, using keywords such as 'Nrf2', 'CncC', and 'Drosophila'.We found that Drosophila melanogaster, as a classical model organism for studying human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, and diabetes, and as an insect model for investigating xenobiotic responses and pesticide resistance, is particularly well-suited for exploring the diverse and complex functions of Nrf2 pathway.Additionally, Natural products such as curcumin and quercetin can modulate Nrf2 activity for cytoprotection. Utilising D. melanogaster's genetic tools and short life cycles, researchers can discover new therapeutics and study their mechanisms.This twofold exploration not only advances our understanding of Nrf2 in human health but also provides insights into pest control strategies through enhanced insect resistance mechanisms. Continued research in this area is essential for developing innovative treatments and effective pest management approaches.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dolutegravir metabolism: impact of genetic variations on uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase subfamilies. 多替格拉韦代谢：遗传变异对尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶亚家族的影响。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2025.2453983

Kouji Tagawa, Yoshihiro Maruo

{"title":"Dolutegravir metabolism: impact of genetic variations on uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase subfamilies.","authors":"Kouji Tagawa, Yoshihiro Maruo","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2025.2453983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2025.2453983","url":null,"abstract":"Dolutegravir (DTG) is a key drug used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infections. Adverse events (AEs) of DTG treatment, including headache, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and abnormal dreams, are influenced by sex, body weight, age, and serum bilirubin levels. DTG is mainly metabolised by members of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A subfamilies (UGT1As), especially UGT1A1.Some studies suggest a relationship between UGT1A1 variants and AEs. The aim of this study was to identify UGT1A isoforms that exhibit DTG glucuronidation activity and determine the relationship between UGT1A variants and DTG glucuronidation in vitro.UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, and UGT1A10 exhibited DTG glucuronidation activity, of which UGT1A1 was the most active. Furthermore, variants of these isoforms showed decreased DTG glucuronidation activity. The different variants of UGT1As, such as UGT1A1.6, UGT1A1.7, UGT1A1.35, UGT1A1.63, UGT1A3.5, UGT1A9.2, UGT1A10M59I, and UGT1A10T202I, showed reduced glucuronidation activity towards DTG in comparison with the wild-type UGT1As.This study elucidates the relationship between UGT1A variants and the levels of glucuronidation associated with each variant.Checking for UGT1As may be helpful in predicting potential toxicities and adverse effects related to DTG treatment.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inorganic mercury pharmacokinetics in man: a hybrid model. 无机汞在人体内的药代动力学：一个混合模型。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Xenobiotica Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2448979

Fred Farris, Ayda Awaness, Joe Su

{"title":"Inorganic mercury pharmacokinetics in man: a hybrid model.","authors":"Fred Farris, Ayda Awaness, Joe Su","doi":"10.1080/00498254.2024.2448979","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00498254.2024.2448979","url":null,"abstract":"A four-compartment model is presented that simulates inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] pharmacokinetics in blood, tissue, and excreta over a 70-day period. Simulations are validated against data collected from five human subjects, and previously analyzed.In the model, two compartments simulate Hg(II) in blood: one for mobile-Hg(II) and the other for immobile-Hg(II). Two corresponding compartments simulate Hg(II) in tissue. Mobile-Hg(II) represents Hg(II) available for transport across cell membranes. Immobile-Hg(II) represents Hg(II) that is not easily transported.Following dosing, blood total-Hg(II) droped rapidly in all subjects. Blood mobile-Hg(II) also droped rapidly with a concomitant rise in blood immobile-Hg(II). For four subjects, immobile-Hg(II) became the dominant Hg(II) species in blood by day 4. For subject five, mobile-Hg(II) remained dominant in blood for the study duration.Tissue mobile-Hg(II) declined rapidly for four of the subjects, with a simultaneous rapid rise in tissue immobile-Hg(II). In subject 5, tissue mobile-Hg(II) declined linearly, and immobile-Hg(II) accumulated slowly in tissue. For all subjects, tissue mobile-Hg(II) is the primary source of fecal Hg(II). The major source for Hg(II) excreted into the urine is immobile-Hg(II) from tissue.","PeriodicalId":23812,"journal":{"name":"Xenobiotica","volume":" ","pages":"4-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0