Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A Case Report on Injection Site Abscess Due to Staphylococcus epidermidis","authors":"Jiya Thomas","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2022.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2022.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"An injection site abscess is a iatrogenic infection commonly caused by micro-organisms like Pseudomonas, Klebsiella , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis etc. Staphylococcus epidermidis an anaerobic gram-positive cocci bacteria cause most common nosocomial infection and it leads to serious complications and interprofessional team is required for the management of such infections. Here is a case report of 63 year old patient who presents with injection site abscess due to Staphylococcus epidermidis .","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127681326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Micro and Macro Nutrients in Malnourished Children Attending Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Divisional Head Quarter Hospital, Dera Murad Jamali, Balochistan","authors":"K. Fatima, Faria Khurshid, S. Haider, N. ul Haq, M. Yonus","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2022.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2022.2.3","url":null,"abstract":". Abstract Background: Balochistan continues to have a high prevalence of acute malnutrition. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of micro and macro nutrients in malnourished children attending Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), Divisional Head Quarter Hospital, Dera Murad Jamali, Balochistan. Materials and Methods : It was hospital based longitudinal-sectional study, among patients admitted to the outpatient department. At first stage data was collected through questionnaire. The study includes patients aging 2-5 years attending OPD of MSF Dera Murad Jamali. Results: At enrolment there were 287(n) children aging between 2 to 5 years. 182(63.41%) were 2 years old, 69(24%) were 3 years old. Among 287 children 148 were male (51.6%), 139 were female (48.4%). The immunization status showed that139 children (48.44%) had been immunized while majority 148 (51.56%) had not been immunized. Among 192 children whose family monthly income was <15000 rupees, 102(33.79%) had excellent dietary practices and 90(33.1%) had unsatisfactory dietary practices. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is need to improve mother’s knowledge regarding healthy eating, hygiene, complementary feeding and breastfeeding etc. Contributing factors of malnutrition among children were illiteracy, poverty, large family size, un-immunization, inadequate hygiene, and dietary practices.","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132936847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Health Assessment Questionnaire have Potential as a Monitoring Tool for Cohorts with Arthritis in Quetta, Pakistan?","authors":"A. Ali, N. ul Haq, Muhammad Saood, A. Nasim, Nisar Ahmed","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2022.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2022.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arthritis is a common disease that contributes to the poor health of patients. It is the main cause of disability in an individual. Arthritis can affect physical and psychological health, and HRQoL measures provide a broad picture of this impact. Studies on arthritis have not been documented so far by using Generic tool in Pakistan. Objectives: This study aimed to assess HRQoL of patients diagnosed with arthritis in tertiary care hospitals Quetta. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted for a period from April 2019 to August 2019 in Sandeman Provisional Hospital, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital and other private Orthopedic Clinics in Quetta, Pakistan. Subject were included in the sample if they had diagnosis of Arthritis by using Health assessment Questionnaire. All analyses were done by using SPSSv20. Results: Most of respondents 165 (42.2%) had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed by 105 (26.9%) participants who had Osteoarthritis (OA). Majority of patients 140 (35.8%) had disease duration of 7-10 years followed by 109 (27.9%) participants who had 4-6 years of entire disease duration. Average scores that have been reported in a population-based study are 0.49, and in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients are 0.8 and 1.2, respectively which corresponds to Mild to Moderate Disability, Moderates to Severe Disability and Severe to very Severe Disability. Conclusion: It is concluded that RA patients’ HRQoL is altered and found to be significantly related to their age, gender, employment, family income, and length of disease and pain and functional ability may have an important impact on QOL in RA patients through restrictions and unpleasant physical sensations they cause.","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127090228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report on the Management of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Postpartum","authors":"Benita Grace Babu","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is an underdiagnosed neurological disorder characterized by neurological symptoms which can develop acutely or sub acutely. It is usually more common among middle aged females. As specified by its name, it is a reversible condition, however timely detection and appropriate management is necessary in order to prevent complications like neurologic deficits and cerebellar herniation. Here is a case report of a 20 year old patient who presents with PRES syndrome in the early postpartum period","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132455979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of COVID-19 among Pharmacy Students of Pakistan","authors":"K. Khan, Aqsa Zaman, F. Hashmi, Rizwan Ahmed Khan, Ghulam Murtaza Hamad","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2022.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2022.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered Coronavirus and has been a global threat. The objective of our study is to assess the knowledge and practice of pharmacy students in different Universities of Pakistan related to the nature and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2020 by using an online as well as a self-administered questionnaire. Undergraduate pharmacy students were considered as the study population. The questionnaire was outlined with 6 sections including demographics; symptoms; risk; action and prevention; treatment options; and distinguishing characteristics of COVID-19, cold, and flu. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences SPSS (IBM, version 22). Finding: Out of 1266 total respondents, the majority 863 (68.2%) were female pharmacy students with ages ranging from 18-26 years. The mean percentage of knowledge, awareness, and perception of the study sample about the symptoms, risk, transmission, prevention, and action against COVID-19 was found to be 56.43%. Conclusion: The low level of awareness immediately demands the update of the respective curriculum, conduct evidence-based learning, webinars, and mock drills to all the professionals as well as to the students of different disciplines by the Government and health departments. Students of health science should utilize their academic knowledge with a professional touch to assist the community to contain the disease. They can ensure the safety of people voluntarily by different public awareness programs to overcome such a global crisis.","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128992773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Drug Utilization and Culture Sensitivity Pattern in Sepsis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"S. Shrestha, M. Khadka, Prakat Karki","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2021.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2021.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is a potentially life threatening condition that is caused by an extreme response of the immune system of the body to an infection, where the response damages its own tissues. This study aims to study culture sensitivity and antimicrobial drug utilization pattern in sepsis patients in TUTH. It is a qualitative prospective and observational study, which was carried out in 105 sepsis patients at TUTH. The blood culture was positive in 105 (9.23%) patients of which 60 (57.1%) were male and 45 (42.9%) were female. A total of 59 (56.1%) gram-negative and 45 (43.9%) gram-positive bacteria were isolated. The common isolates were Coagulase negative Staphyloccus aureus (CoNS), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The most common source of infection in sepsis patients was Pneumonia (57.1%). The sensitivity of gram-positive organism was better to antibiotics such as Amikacin (84.8%), Piperacillin + Tazobactam (78.3%) and Gentamicin (76.1%). The Sensitivity of gram-negative organisms was better to antibiotics like Piperacillin + Tazobactam (86.5%), Levofloxacin (72.8%) and Ciprofloxacin (69.5%). The average number of antibiotics prescribed for sepsis patients was 3.07. In our study, gram-negative bacteria were isolated more than gram positive bacteria, whereas CoNS followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most isolated pathogens. Sepsis was more common among male patients than female. Pneumonia was the major source of infection in sepsis patients. Most frequently used antibiotics both empirically and after antibiotic culture sensitivity test were Amikacin (67), Ceftriaxone (48), Ciprofloxacin (46) and Piperacillin + Tazobactam (39).","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122431343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Air Conditioner on Pulmonary Function Tests of Healthy Males in India","authors":"Mehraj Trumboo, Kulbir Singh","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2021.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2021.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of our present study was to evaluate the effect of AC on pulmonary functions in healthy persons who routinely use AC, like bank employees and compare them with normal healthy volunteers who do not use AC. A comparative study covering a total of 100 subjects divided into two groups (Group-A and Group-B). Group-A (Cases) consisted of 50 healthy male subjects exposed to air conditioner in their work place namely Bank offices for a period of 7to 8 hr for 5 days a week over a period of two consecutive years. Group-B (Controls) consisted of male subjects working in the Higher Education Department who were not exposed to air conditioner during their work for last two years. In the present study, there is a significant difference between Group A and Group B with respect to FVC as p= 0.0001. Also, there is significant difference between Group A and Group B with respect to FEV1 as p= 0.001. A significant difference was seen between Group A and Group B with respect to FEF25-75% as p=0.0001. Exposure to air conditioner in bank employs leads to significant decrease in pulmonary functions as compared to non-air conditioner users. The inhalation of dry cold air causes both small and large airways obstructive lung disease, as is reflected by the decreased parameters like FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF25-75%, PEFR and MVV.","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Remdesivir: A Probable Cure for Covid-19","authors":"S. Tiwari, S. Talreja","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2020.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2020.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"The current scenario of the world is very critical as there is a global Pandemic of COVID-19 looming around in the world. It has claimed lives of millions of people and has adversely affected the health of millions. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel corona virus. This disease is highly contagious in nature and hence it was regarded as the global pandemic by World Health Organization. There are many researches going on to either find a vaccine or find a cure for this deadly disease. Remdesivir is one such medicine which is proposed to be a probable cure for COVID-19. This medicine proved effective in the past for treatment of the ebola virus infection and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infection; due to this researches on this medicine to be a potential cure were done. In a number of researches done in this area it was found that when remdesivir was administered to the infected individuals the recovery rate of the infected people was faster when they were given this medicine as compared to those who were not. This paper discusses about the medicine remdesivir in detail; from its discovery, functioning in human body to its chemical composition. The researches done and the clinical results of the medicines are also discussed which all point in the direction that this medicine could pose to be an aid in curing the corona virus disease. anti-viral research these any viruses coronavirus and even some of the viruses of flaviviridae family dengue and zika virus. Clinical Studies: Various clinical studies have been carried out on the remdesivir drug to prove its efficiency and potential in treating diseases like COVID-19. Also such studies depict any side-effects from such drugs. Some of these studies are mentioned below. It has been seen that the in vitro and in vivo animal models have been proved useful in proving the effectiveness of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 and other similar coronaviruses. A recent in vitro study was conducted on remdesivir drug to measure the antiviral activity against SARS-CoV2. This study aimed to depict an IC 50 of 770 nM and an IC 90 equal to 1,760 nM along with the cytotoxic concentration of more than 100 mM. [15] Along with this another study conducted by Sheahan et al . and De Wit et al . illustrated that Remdesivir had the enough potential in halting the replication and reducing viral pathology against such Coronaviruses. This study showcased in vivo efficacy of Remdesivir. Such studies along with the safety profile of Remdesivir in the clinical trials against Ebolavirus aid in the assessment of remdesivir as a potential therapeutic drug for reducing effects of SARS-CoV-2 I this current pandemic outbreak. [16] In the study it was found that remdesivir drug showed huge in vitro anti-viral activity against zoonotic and human pathogens coming from families of various viruses. However the anti-viral activity of this drug has consistent results when studied against Filoviridae, Coronaviridae, ","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134064565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons on Preparedness and Response for Pandemic","authors":"Rashmi Mehra","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2020.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2020.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"DOI : 10.5530/amdhs.2020.4.14 INTRODUCTION The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. It has spread over 200 countries with more than 21 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 700,000 deaths (August 16, 2020).[1] This is despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 implying that world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency.[2] Nevertheless, as the inherent vulnerabilities of the existing health systems have been brutally exposed by the present pandemic, it is imperative that we learned better preparedness and response for a pandemic.[2]","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116036258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Health-Related Diseases","authors":"Shivani Singh, Sharique Ahmad, A. Srivastava, J. Misra","doi":"10.5530/amdhs.2020.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2020.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a DNA tumor virus with double stranded and non-enveloped DNA of 8 kilobase. Its genome is covered by capsid protein with icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of 55nm. It induces proliferative lesions in mucosal and cutaneous epithelia. It is ubiquitous in nature and have been detected in both animals and humans and well adapted to their host. More than 100 types of HPVs are present and they all are involved in causing infection in squamous epithelial cells of skin and mucosa, this eventually leads to papilloma’s or warts benign type. The continuous infection with high risk HPV type causes cervical cancers and also anal cancer, vulvar, vaginal, penile and laryngeal papillomatosis. The HPV with cervical cancer association increase with elevation in number of squamous cell carcinoma at the sites of lesions in people. This infection is frequently noticed in a population with suppressed immune system. The HPV infects immature squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnal junction of cervix. The relation of HPV with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is clinically important as it is most common form of malignancy among fair skinned populations. This results in cytopathological changes induced by the virus which cytology and histology clearly diagnose as precancerous lesions which eventually result to become cancer. The HPV can be diagnosed by several techniques mainly Hybrid Capture 2, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The HPV infection can be prevented by vaccination and currently two preventive HPV vaccines based on VLPs are authorized for application. They are totally efficient in preventing infections of HPV 16 and 18 which are mainly high risk HPVs involved in causing genital infections in women .This review reveals the diseases associated with HPV diagnosis, the transmission of HPV and their prevention through effective vaccination.","PeriodicalId":237766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122373318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}