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Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System最新文献

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School-to-Prison Pipeline School-to-Prison管道
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch002
Sheri Jenkins Keenan, J. Rush
{"title":"School-to-Prison Pipeline","authors":"Sheri Jenkins Keenan, J. Rush","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile crime rates have declined steadily since 1994 (Nelson & Lind, 2015) and the number of youths in juvenile detention centers has dropped (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2011; Hockenberry, 2014; Nelson & Lind, 2015; Smith, 1998); however, school discipline polices are moving in the other direction (Nelson & Lind, 2015). In recent years, the lines between the public school system and the juvenile justice system have become indistinct. There are several trends in K-12 education contributing to the school-to-prison pipeline such as declining school funding, resegregation of schools by race and class, under-representation of students of color in advanced placement, over-representation of student of color in special education, the creation and expansion of “zero-tolerance” policies, tracking, increased presence of SROs, No Child Left Behind (NCLB), standardized testing, and rising drop-out rates (Heitzeg et al., 2009). However, the focus here is the expansion and increased reliance on “zero-tolerance” policies and the use of the SRO to enforce those policies which play an immediate and integral role in feeding the school-to-prison pipeline.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"39 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134363607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Victim to Criminality 从受害者到罪犯
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch016
V. Nair, S. Varkey
{"title":"From Victim to Criminality","authors":"V. Nair, S. Varkey","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch016","url":null,"abstract":"Trafficking of persons, primarily women and children, is one of the growing social dilemmas concerning global society today. Not only is human trafficking a highly sensitive and polarizing subject, but it is also considered a common norm in many countries. Many women recruited into commercial sex work are coerced into the profession exploiting their financial and economic condition but continue to work in the profession to survive through easy money. The chapter focuses on a theoretical framework for understanding the victimization of female sex workers. It also reflects various lacuna in the present criminal justice system and law enforcement mechanism in criminalizing victims within the sex work industry. The chapter narrates the voices of commercial sex workers in India over the prejudices and criminalization by various laws and regulations towards their consensual sex work. The chapter recommends sensitization training and awareness amongst various stakeholders of the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130459911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recidivism and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies 累犯和认知行为疗法
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch008
Sheryl L. Pelletier, Mary J. Flanegan, Derek M. Moore
{"title":"Recidivism and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies","authors":"Sheryl L. Pelletier, Mary J. Flanegan, Derek M. Moore","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"Recidivism of criminal offenders has become a national problem in the United States. New criminal activity along with technical violations of conditions of probation or parole are the results of deficiencies in cognitive behaviorisms. Numerous studies have revealed that weaknesses in cognitive behavior are a common denominator among offenders. These studies have led to the development and implementation of treatment strategies that, when administered to criminal offenders, have proven to be effective in reducing recidivism. Therapeutic programs grounded in evidence-based practices are widely used throughout correctional facilities and probation-parole departments. However, this evidence-based approach in reducing recidivism is moot if correctional leadership is not supportive of rehabilitative programs for offenders. The efficacy and success of these programs are dependent on effective leadership along with professionals and paraprofessionals that are specifically credentialed or licensed and have the qualities and skillsets to provide these types of rehabilitative measures.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126818681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Five Rs of Prison Reform With Ethnoracially Diverse Offenders 不同种族罪犯监狱改革的五个r
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch007
Jessica Mueller-Coyne, Ronna C. Johnson, Valene J. Gresham
{"title":"The Five Rs of Prison Reform With Ethnoracially Diverse Offenders","authors":"Jessica Mueller-Coyne, Ronna C. Johnson, Valene J. Gresham","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"There are various barriers associated with successful reentry into society for individuals released from prison. Reuniting with family members, rehabilitation efforts, employment, and housing are just some examples of obstacles individuals face when released into the community. Additionally, the costs stemming from the number of people incarcerated, length of stay in prison, racial disparities, and the mental status of offenders create an increased risk for post-release readjustment complications. This chapter focuses on what we call the Pentagonal Post-Release Risk Assessment Framework, or the 5 Rs, which include consideration for risk association of recidivism, reunification, rehabilitation, reintegration, and racism. For individuals released back into the community, it is imperative to consider the 5 Rs. Neglecting one or more of the 5 Rs may perpetuate a cycle of reoffending.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133189611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Charge Sheet to Charging 押记表转押记
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch014
D. Halder
{"title":"Charge Sheet to Charging","authors":"D. Halder","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch014","url":null,"abstract":"Police and prosecution are the two essential elements in criminal justice systems, especially for justice delivery to the victims as well as for the accused. Cybercrimes targeting women have remained a menace for the victims, police, and prosecution for over a decade now in India and the UK. This chapter aims to research on the comparative analysis of relationship of police and prosecution for case management with special reference to cybercrimes against women cases between UK and India to find positive solutions for restitution of justice in such cases.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132678996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Body-Worn Cameras 穿在身上的摄像头
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch001
Scott Thomas Duncan, Hannah Geczi
{"title":"Body-Worn Cameras","authors":"Scott Thomas Duncan, Hannah Geczi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Police hold a unique and distinctive status compared to any other occupation in society with their authority to use force. With such responsibility, communities expect law enforcement to be held accountable when force is applied. One of the many proposed solutions embraced by authorities and the public to decrease the number of force encounters is body-worn cameras (BWCs). The purpose of this chapter is to examine BWCs as a measure of reducing force by law enforcement, explore the technology as an enhancement to transparency within the context of police-community relations, and offer recommendations for adoption rooted in best practices. For the public, it is imperative to recognize BWCs as just one part of improving law enforcement oversight as opposed to providing an all-encompassing solution that will completely resolve issues of transparency.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116545597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Homelessness, Mental Health Afflictions, Problematic Substance Use, and Associated Criminality 无家可归，精神健康问题，问题物质使用和相关犯罪
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch015
Jayesh D’Souza
{"title":"Homelessness, Mental Health Afflictions, Problematic Substance Use, and Associated Criminality","authors":"Jayesh D’Souza","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"Homelessness and related community ailments have plagued society for a number of years, and governments have found it difficult to get these under control. The sheer number of homeless with mental health afflictions and problematic substance use problems leaves no doubt about the need for a stronger, more urgent government response. Community ailments such as these have led to increased crime rates and incarcerations and overcrowded prisons without a lasting solution in sight. This chapter uses the transformative justice model, with the expectation it produces better results than current models, by examining the source of homelessness, mental health afflictions, and problematic substance use and their bi-directional relationship with crime. This inter-jurisdictional study compares the current situations in the state of California and the province of Ontario, which have a high percent of homeless populations. It proves that special attention to vulnerable populations such as racialized groups, the socioeconomically disadvantaged, and youth is warranted.","PeriodicalId":237270,"journal":{"name":"Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122452498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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