Weed Science最新文献_第4页

Responses of Soil Seedbank and Aboveground Weed Communities to Globe Artichoke Cropping Systems: an On-Farm Analysis 土壤种子库和地上杂草群落对朝鲜蓟种植系统的响应：农场分析

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2024.5

A. Scavo, A. Restuccia, Alessandro Di Martino, G. Mauromicale

{"title":"Responses of Soil Seedbank and Aboveground Weed Communities to Globe Artichoke Cropping Systems: an On-Farm Analysis","authors":"A. Scavo, A. Restuccia, Alessandro Di Martino, G. Mauromicale","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2024.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2024.5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] is one of the most important crops across the Mediterranean basin, where weeds are an important biotic constraint limiting crop yields. However, the effects of globe artichoke cropping systems on weeds have been rarely tested. Following the demand for eco-friendly weed management practices, a multi-location trial (13 farms) was carried out, measuring weed seedbanks and aboveground communities within 4 globe artichoke cropping systems: globe artichoke monoculture (ART), the 8-10 years previously cultivation of globe artichoke (past-ART), a globe artichoke – durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation (ART-WHEAT) and a control where globe artichoke was never grown. Both below-and aboveground weed communities were dominated by annual therophytes, but a low correspondence was found between both types of communities. Averaged over farms, ART highly reduced both the weed soil seedbank (1600 seeds m‒2 on average) and the aboveground weed biomass (only 3.4 g DW m‒2) compared to the control, with a decrease of 72% in the soil seedbank and 99% in the aboveground flora, respectively. Moreover, in the farms where globe artichoke was previously grown, a very low aboveground weed biomass (77% less than control) was found. In addition, ART contributed to the preservation of high levels of weed diversity (except for aboveground communities) and therefore avoided the creation of a specialized weed flora. In conclusion, we suggest the inclusion of globe artichoke into crop rotation schemes in Mediterranean agroecosystems as a sustainable tool for reducing both the soil seedbank and aboveground weeds, thus reducing the requirement of direct weed control methods and preserving the environment.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptations in Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) flowering time. Part 2: Harvest Weed Seed Control shortens flowering by 12 days 野生萝卜（Raphanus raphanistrum）开花时间的适应性。第二部分：收获杂草种子控制使花期缩短 12 天

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2024.4

G. J. Somerville, Mike Ashworth

{"title":"Adaptations in Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) flowering time. Part 2: Harvest Weed Seed Control shortens flowering by 12 days","authors":"G. J. Somerville, Mike Ashworth","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2024.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) is an effective technique for managing wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), a weed which retains its seed until harvest. However, earlier flowering time (leading to increased seed shedding before harvest) is a risk to HWSC effectiveness. This study investigated the effects of repeated HWSC on the evolution of R. raphanistrum flowering dates, using two methods: an adaptation of the SOMER model that included flowering genes (called SOMEF); and a mathematical calculation of the endpoints of flowering date evolution utilising the relevant life-history equations.\u0000 In weed management systems with highly effective herbicides, the additional use of HWSC predicted R. raphanistrum population extinction. Low weed numbers and rapid extinction meant that any gradual evolution in days to first flower (DFF) was insufficient to lead to HWSC evasion. In alternative management systems with less vigorous herbicide control and using HWSC, modelling predicted a maximum 2-3 day reduction in DFF. In contrast, mathematic calculations of the phenotypes maximising seeds returned to the seedbank predicted an endpoint to evolution of 12 days earlier flowering, which matched field observations. However, genetic change postulated by the mathematical calculations was not hampered by a restriction to changing DFF allele frequencies. Unknown accompanying genetic changes could affect germination dates, or flowering triggers.\u0000 Simulation modelling that included only flowering genes failed to predict the magnitude of an observed 12-day reduction in DFF. Differences between the 12 days observed in the field (and predicted using mathematical calculations) and the modest changes demonstrated in this field-based modelling study are postulated to be due to unaccounted evolutionary changes in R. raphanistrum.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Taxonomic resolution of fleabane species (Conyza spp.) based on morphological and molecular markers and their dispersion across soybean-cropping macroregions and seasons in Brazil 基于形态学和分子标记的飞燕草物种（Conyza spp.）分类解析及其在巴西大豆种植大区和季节中的分布情况

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2024.3

Augusto Kalsing, Felipe A. Nunes, Guilherme A. Gotardi, Jaqueline C. Bueno, Angelo A. Schneider, L. Tropaldi, E. D. Velini, A. Merotto, C. A. Carbonari

{"title":"Taxonomic resolution of fleabane species (Conyza spp.) based on morphological and molecular markers and their dispersion across soybean-cropping macroregions and seasons in Brazil","authors":"Augusto Kalsing, Felipe A. Nunes, Guilherme A. Gotardi, Jaqueline C. Bueno, Angelo A. Schneider, L. Tropaldi, E. D. Velini, A. Merotto, C. A. Carbonari","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Conyza genus includes nearly 150 species, comprising closely related weedy species. Proper identification of Conyza spp. is essential to develop effective strategies for their management. The overlap of traits, species varieties, and the putative occurrence of hybridization hampers the identification of Conyza spp. and its management in agricultural and natural environments. Herein, we assessed five DNA barcodes and 32 morphological traits to classify Conyza spp. and survey their dispersion in soybean fields [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil in 2019, 2020, and 2021. The Conyza accessions included two species, hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist) and Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker], and each species comprised two varieties. The ITS and rps16-trnQ gene regions showed the ability to distinguish between the two Conyza species, while the matK, rbcL, and trnF-trnF gene regions were not polymorphic. Out of 32 morphological traits, phyllary color, involucre shape, capitulescence type, and inflorescence type were the most polymorphic and even reliable for taxonomic purposes. The combination of ITS or ITS+rps16-trnQ regions and the four morphological markers was able to discriminate 91% of the plants, except those of C. bonariensis var. angustifolia. These results support the taxonomic resolution between C. bonariensis and C. sumatrensis and are useful for other Conyza spp. and other closely related weedy species worldwide. Conyza sumatrensis was detected in 94% of soybean fields across macroregions and seasons in Brazil, while C. bonariensis was sparsely dispersed, mainly in the southern macroregion (MRS 1).","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resistance or tolerance: Distinction without a difference 抵制还是宽容没有区别的区别

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2023.80

Ramon G. Leon

引用次数: 0

Effect of environmental factors, seed burial depth and straw mulch on germination and seedling emergence in Cichorium glandulosum 环境因素、种子埋藏深度和秸秆覆盖物对禾本科植物发芽和出苗的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2023.78

R. Amini, Alireza Hasanfard, Nasrin Ahmadian, Farzaneh Zarei Yuzband

{"title":"Effect of environmental factors, seed burial depth and straw mulch on germination and seedling emergence in Cichorium glandulosum","authors":"R. Amini, Alireza Hasanfard, Nasrin Ahmadian, Farzaneh Zarei Yuzband","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2023.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.78","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet is a species that has recently spread widely in the autumn crops of northwestern Iran. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the germination, emergence, and management of two populations of CG. The effects of temperature, photoperiod, NaCl concentration, osmotic potential, seed burial depth, and straw mulch were evaluated on seed germination and seedling emergence of two populations of C. gladulosum from Tabriz and Marand, Iran. The highest germination percentage was observed in the Tabriz population (93%) and Marand (94%) at 20/10C (day/night). In both populations, germination was 82-93% across a wide range of light/dark periods (8-24 hours of light). However, germination was significantly reduced (∼ 70%) under continuous darkness. The osmotic potential required to inhibit 50% of germination was 0.68 MPa for the Tabriz population and 0.62 MPa for the Marand population. The concentration of NaCl required to inhibit 50% of germination was 4.76 dS m-1 for the Tabriz population and 3.81 dS m-1 for the Marand population. The seed burial depths that caused a 50% decrease in emergence for the Tabriz and Marand populations were 1.86 cm and 2.22 cm, respectively. In the populations of Tabriz and Marand, the application of 6 t ha-1 of straw mulch resulted in a decrease in C. gladulosum emergence to 3% and 10%, respectively. This study’s results inform the conditions required for C. glandulosum germination and establish a theoretical and practical foundation for predicting, preventing, and managing this species using scientific principles C. glandulosum.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential of Seaweeds as a Rich Natural Source for Novel Bioherbicide Formulation/Development 海藻作为新型生物除草剂配方/开发的丰富天然来源的潜力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2024.1

Onyedika C. Chukwuma, S. P. Tan, Helen Hughes, P. Mcloughlin, Niall O’Toole, Nicholas McCarthy

{"title":"The Potential of Seaweeds as a Rich Natural Source for Novel Bioherbicide Formulation/Development","authors":"Onyedika C. Chukwuma, S. P. Tan, Helen Hughes, P. Mcloughlin, Niall O’Toole, Nicholas McCarthy","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2024.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recently, there has been emphasis on the need to shift away from the use of synthetic chemical herbicides to low risk alternatives derived from natural sources. This is aimed at lowering or averting the negative impact synthetic herbicides have on the environment and to deal with the emergence of weed species becoming resistant to these chemicals. As a result, more stringent measures or an outright ban on the use of most synthetic herbicides have been put in place by regulatory bodies. As seaweeds are abundant resources in the marine environment that have the capacity to produce diverse bioactive compounds, they could serve as sustainably viable natural, low-risk alternatives/sources to explore for potential phytotoxic capabilities. This could in turn help to enhance or boost the availability of effective solutions in the global bioherbicide market.\u0000 This review highlights the prospects of using seaweeds as novel biopesticides for the control and management of various plant pests including weed species, and for the development of sustainable agriculture/forestry practices. More specifically, the review focuses on their use as a rich natural source for novel bioherbicide development, a potential that has remained underexplored for many years. However, to unlock the full potential of seaweed-derived bioherbicides and to create a potential path towards its development, increased research and development efforts are urgently needed. This is to tackle and overcome possible constraints posed in this novel area such as variability in seaweed chemical composition, formulation technologies, stability and efficacy of seaweed bioactive compounds, cost and scalability, environmental considerations, etc.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anatomical Characteristics and Resprouting Capacity of the Underground Organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum) 波希米亚结缕草地下器官的解剖特征和再发芽能力

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2023.77

Antoine Jousson, M. Conedera, P. Krebs, Guido Maspoli, G. Pezzatti

{"title":"Anatomical Characteristics and Resprouting Capacity of the Underground Organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum)","authors":"Antoine Jousson, M. Conedera, P. Krebs, Guido Maspoli, G. Pezzatti","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2023.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.77","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The hybrid Bohemian knotweed [Polygonum ×bohemicum (J. Chrtek & Chrtková) Zika & Jacobson [cuspidatum × sachalinense; syn. Reynoutria ×bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková ] is part of the worldwide problematic rhizomatous invasive plants which impact on (semi-)natural and agricultural systems. In this context, precise knowledge about the morpho-anatomy and the resprouting capacity of the underground organs is a key information for developing efficient eradication measures. In the present study, we aimed at (i) clarifying existing differences in the morpho-anatomical characteristics of rhizomes and roots, (ii) developing an easy-to-apply field identification method of the underground organs, and (iii) identifying the main morpho-anatomical features enhancing the rhizomes’ resprouting ability. To this purpose we collected the underground organs of two wild populations of P. × bohemica in Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) and analyzed the morpho-anatomical differences between rhizomes and roots, using high-resolution microscope images and microtome sections. Collected material was then used for a resprouting capacity test after assessing rhizome characteristics such as weight, total diameter, pith diameter, pith brightness and pith color. Contrary to roots, rhizomes are characterized by a pith-tissue in the center and display nodes which peripheral dormant buds enable them to resprout. Resprouting ability of rhizomes was high (87.1% on average) and depends on the ontogenetic development stage of the organs (peak values of 97% for young and clear organs, 50% for old and dark ones). In conclusion, the smooth pith tissue of rhizomes represents a key discriminating feature between rhizomes and roots, whereas relating existing nodes to the corresponding rhizome pith color allows to assess the resprouting potential of a knotweed population.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relative Contribution of Shade Avoidance and Resource Competition to Early-Season Sugar Beet Yield Loss Due to Weeds 杂草造成的早季甜菜产量损失中避荫和资源竞争的相对作用

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2023.79

J. G. Ballenger, A. Adjesiwor, D. Claypool, A. Kniss

{"title":"Relative Contribution of Shade Avoidance and Resource Competition to Early-Season Sugar Beet Yield Loss Due to Weeds","authors":"J. G. Ballenger, A. Adjesiwor, D. Claypool, A. Kniss","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2023.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.79","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Shade avoidance alters the way plants grow, usually causing them to grow taller at the expense of placing resources into leaves, roots, seeds, and other harvestable materials. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a rosette-forming biennial species that has limited capacity to grow tall in the first year of growth. In the context of crop-weed competition, it is mostly unknown to what extent shade avoidance reduces yield in sugar beet relative to other effects like resource competition. To determine the extent of yield loss due to shade avoidance in a field-relevant situation, sugar beets were grown alongside Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod in a field study. Roots were separated with a steel root barrier placed into the ground between the grass and beets. Four treatments included a weed free control (no root barrier or grass), a root barrier control (with root barrier but no grass), shade avoidance (with root barrier and grass), and full competition (with grass but no root barrier). The presence vs absence of grass was the primary driver of effects on measured sugar beet growth and yield parameters, regardless of whether a root barrier was present. Leaf number and root length were also impacted by the presence of the root barrier. These results suggest that shade avoidance is at least as important as root interactions and resource depletion in the context of early-season sugar beet yield loss due to weeds.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptations in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) flowering time, Part 1: Individual-based modeling of a polygenic trait 野生萝卜（Raphanus raphanistrum）开花时间的适应性，第 1 部分：基于个体的多基因性状建模

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2023.76

G. J. Somerville, Mike Ashworth, H. Beckie

{"title":"Adaptations in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) flowering time, Part 1: Individual-based modeling of a polygenic trait","authors":"G. J. Somerville, Mike Ashworth, H. Beckie","doi":"10.1017/wsc.2023.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.76","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigated replicating six generations of glasshouse-based flowering date selection in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) using an adaptation of the population model SOMER (Spatial Orientated Modelling of Evolutionary Resistance). This individual-based model was chosen because it could be altered to contain varying numbers of genes, along with varying levels of environmental influence on the phenotype (namely the heritability).\u0000 Accurate replication of six generations of genetic change that had occurred in a previous glasshouse-based selection was achieved, without intermediate adjustments. This study found that multiple copies of just two genes were required to reproduce the polygenic flowering time adaptations demonstrated in that previous research. The model included major effect type M1 genes, with linkage and crossing over, and minor effect type M2 genes undergoing independent assortment. Within the model, transmissibility (heritability of each gene type) was parameterized at 0.60 for the M1 genes and 0.45 for the M2 genes. The serviceable parameterization of the genetics of flowering in R. raphanistrum within a population model means that simulated examinations of the effects of external weed control on flowering time adaptations are now more feasible. An accurate and simplified Mendelian-based model replicating the adaptive shifts of flowering time that is controlled by a complex array of genes is useful in predicting life-cycle adaptations to evade weed control measures such as harvest weed seed control, which apply intense adaptive selections on traits that affect seed retention, including flowering time.","PeriodicalId":23688,"journal":{"name":"Weed Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WSC volume 72 issue 1 Cover and Front matter 世界科学大会》第 72 卷第 1 期封面和封底

IF 2.5 2区农林科学

Weed Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/wsc.2024.2

引用次数: 0