WIT transactions on engineering sciences最新文献_第6页

HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS IN THE DISASTER RELIEF SUPPLY CHAIN: STATE OF THE ART 救灾供应链中的人道主义物流:最先进的技术

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200161

Hajar Raillani, Lamia Hammadi, M. Samed, A. E. Ballouti, V. Barbu

{"title":"HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS IN THE DISASTER RELIEF SUPPLY CHAIN: STATE OF THE ART","authors":"Hajar Raillani, Lamia Hammadi, M. Samed, A. E. Ballouti, V. Barbu","doi":"10.2495/risk200161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200161","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this work is to undertake a review of the literature on humanitarian logistics and disaster relief supply chain, to highlight the progress of research and to afford direction for the authors’ future work. To achieve this goal, different books and articles on humanitarian logistics, relief supply chain and disaster management were consulted, to finally come up with a literature framework that provides firstly the different definitions of humanitarian logistics and its activities, then, move on to the concept of the relief supply chain and its stages, underlining its difference with the commercial supply chain, then continue with the concept of disaster and its different classifications. This is in order to prepare a disaster map which will encompass both natural and manmade disasters. Furthermore, the process of disaster management, activities and measures taken in disaster situations were analysed and explained. Finally, this paper proposes a framework for managing risks in a relief supply chain context. Such a framework aims at not only determining the key critical disaster, using criticality as a risk indicator, but also at providing a tool for decision making before, during and after a disaster.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76909497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO SUPPORT COASTAL EROSION RISK ANALYSIS IN CALABRIA, ITALY 遥感和地理信息系统支持意大利卡拉布里亚海岸侵蚀风险分析

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200061

G. Foti, G. C. Barillà, G. Barbaro, P. Puntorieri

{"title":"REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TO SUPPORT COASTAL EROSION RISK ANALYSIS IN CALABRIA, ITALY","authors":"G. Foti, G. C. Barillà, G. Barbaro, P. Puntorieri","doi":"10.2495/risk200061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200061","url":null,"abstract":"In territories such as Calabria, Italy, characterized by about 750 km of coasts, the analysis of the coastal erosion risk is of increasing interest due to the considerable anthropic pressure observed in the last few decades. Index-based methods can be used to assess the risk of coastal erosion. The paper shows an analysis of the coastal erosion risk carried out in Calabria. The analysis was carried out in over 50 sample coastal areas, three of them were chosen as case studies for a detailed analysis. The analysis of the shoreline changes was carried out through the comparison of various cartography data, which consists of historical shorelines taken from the Open Data section of the Calabrian Geoportal, orthophotos taken from the Open Data section of the Italian Geoportal, and satellite imagery provided by Google Earth. The analysis was divided into four phases as follows. The first phase concerned the manual digitization of each missing shoreline, using QGIS for each orthophotos and using the spatial analysis tools of Google Earth Pro for each satellite imagery. The second phase concerned the evaluation of the beach width for each transept. Finally, the last phase concerned the determination of shoreline rates of change using end point rate (EPR) and net shoreline movement (NSM) statistics. Also, an index representative of the trend of erosion or advance of the coast was estimated. Finally, the methodology described in this paper is of particular relevance and interest in the planning and management of coastal areas. It allows us to quickly analyze cartographic data from different sources, using free software. Also, it is of general validity and is useful as a basis for the index-based coastal risk assessment methodology.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"125 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82889594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

ROAD TRANSPORTATION CHALLENGES IN THE ARCTIC 北极地区道路运输面临的挑战

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200201

A. S. Barjouei, O. Gudmestad, J. Barabady

引用次数: 3

RISK ASSESSMENT ON MACHINES WITH CE MARKING AND WITH EMBEDDED INDUSTRY 4.0 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 对带有ce标志和嵌入式工业4.0支持技术的机器进行风险评估

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200051

L. Monica, M. Madonna, S. Anastasi

{"title":"RISK ASSESSMENT ON MACHINES WITH CE MARKING AND WITH EMBEDDED INDUSTRY 4.0 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"L. Monica, M. Madonna, S. Anastasi","doi":"10.2495/risk200051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200051","url":null,"abstract":"The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC introduced the obligation for the manufacturer to carry out risk assessment on machines in the design and construction phase according to a structured and iterative process as described in the ISO 12100 standard that also provides the aspects to be taken into account to identify all hazards and the associated risk. However, the rapid technological development that is characterizing the fourth industrial revolution is leading to equipping the machines with increasingly sophisticated sensors and technologies and this implies new assessments on the safety aspects. In particular, new human–machine interaction, smart machines with learning ability, machines equipped with sensors that report in real time their operating and health status thanks to the connection made possible by the Internet of Things, the potentiality of augmented reality, are all aspects that now must be considered. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the risk assessment process by proposing the well-suited techniques used in each of its phases and to highlight the new safety aspects to be taken into account when the machines with CE marking are equipped with the Industry 4.0 enabling technologies. Future developments in standardization and research in this direction will be tracked.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76156639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

LITERATURE REVIEW ON SPECIFIC TYPES OF RISK FACED BY FIRMS 企业所面临的具体风险类型的文献综述

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200071

R. Brito, C. Jacinto

{"title":"LITERATURE REVIEW ON SPECIFIC TYPES OF RISK FACED BY FIRMS","authors":"R. Brito, C. Jacinto","doi":"10.2495/risk200071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200071","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution presents a literature review focused on four types of risk that firms may face during their operation, namely, operational risk, supply chain risk, strategic risk, and enterprise risk. The applied methodology consisted of an online search of databases regarding scientific documents in English, published in different journals; the search was based on several keywords/strings (themes) that had to be included just as in the article title. The number of surveyed papers by theme showed a variation from 40 to 600 and the number of citations of those papers showed a wider variation from 2 to 918. Selected articles from the four themes were analyzed and the first five with more citations were read in full to make a synopsis of each article. However, to reduce the length of the current paper, only two synopses of each theme were explicitly included here. Overall, the findings show that firm’s risks are an important subject for academic researchers, managers and stakeholders, for risky situations can occur and sometimes lead to very heavy losses. A few research gaps were identified, either the lack of quantitative models for the assessment and management of enterprises’ risks, or insufficient practical support/expertise, namely through case studies and/or well-designed surveys. The review ends with the limitations and contributions of the study.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73294561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SAHARA: SIMULATION AIDED HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 撒哈拉:模拟辅助危害分析和风险评估方法

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200041

A. Barreto, Zakaria Bachir

{"title":"SAHARA: SIMULATION AIDED HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY","authors":"A. Barreto, Zakaria Bachir","doi":"10.2495/risk200041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200041","url":null,"abstract":"Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) in the automotive industry, is a structured process described in the ISO 26262 standard in force for the development of safety-related systems comprised of electrical, electronic and software components. Risks that are identified for malfunctioning behaviour of an item should be classified in terms of Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) in function of discrete qualifications of Controllability (C), Severity (S) and Exposure (E). Even though the standard gives definitions and examples on how to select the correct qualification, in practice, this exercise strongly depends on expert judgement, and therefore is (i) time-consuming and (ii) a qualification may differ for the same risk if it is analysed by different teams. This paper shows how simulations can be used to reduce the dependence on expert judgement and can automate part of the HARA process in order to assess a large number of scenarios, making the process less error prone and reducing the required design time. The paper describes the Simulation Aided Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (SAHARA) method that models hazardous situations from textual descriptions, integrates an item model into a vehicle model, simulates its behaviour and interaction with the environment and evaluates the generated traces through contract-based analysis to estimate C, S, E and ASIL.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CONDITIONS OF HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF AN EARTHQUAKE 地震发生前的住房基础设施状况

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200181

Valeria Scapini, Eduardo Zuñiga

引用次数: 1

ANALYSIS OF THE CONCURRENT CONDITIONS OF FLOODS AND SEA STORMS: A CASE STUDY OF CROTONE, ITALY 洪水和海上风暴同时发生的条件分析:以意大利克罗托内为例

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200131

Caterina Canale, G. Barbaro, O. Petrucci, G. Besio, G. Foti, G. C. Barillà, P. Puntorieri

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE CONCURRENT CONDITIONS OF FLOODS AND SEA STORMS: A CASE STUDY OF CROTONE, ITALY","authors":"Caterina Canale, G. Barbaro, O. Petrucci, G. Besio, G. Foti, G. C. Barillà, P. Puntorieri","doi":"10.2495/risk200131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200131","url":null,"abstract":"The considerable anthropogenic pressure that has occurred since the second half of the last century has increased the vulnerability of coastal areas to the effects of natural events such as floods and sea storms, especially if these events occur simultaneously. This paper analyses the conditions that favour the concurrence of floods and sea storms through a case study near Crotone, a city in southern Italy on the Ionian Sea. The study area has a coastal extension of about 34 km, is characterized by typical rivers called “fiumare” and has been hit by several events of concurrent floods and sea storms. The conditions that favour the concurrence of floods and sea storms are mainly related to geomorphologic and climatic factors. Among these latter factors, atmospheric pressure is very important. Indeed the formation of low-pressure areas is the cause of atmospheric disturbances which can affect both the sea and the coast causing heavy rains and intense sea storms. The analysis was divided into two phases. In the first, the concurrence between floods and sea storms was verified. In the second phase, the possible correlations between the main factors involved were identified: the rainfall heights, the maximum significant wave heights and the atmospheric pressure variations observed during each atmospheric disturbance. The analysis showed that the rainfall heights and the maximum significant wave heights, that are both generally independent factors, are related to a common factor, the atmospheric pressure. This result is useful in predicting concurrent events. Indeed, by predicting atmospheric pressure variations, it is possible to estimate the expected rainfall height and the expected maximum significant wave height. The methodology described in this paper can be extended to other areas with geomorphologic and climatic characteristics that are similar to those of Crotone.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83887560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

ANALYSIS OF AREAS INUNDATED BY TSUNAMIS INDUCED BY EARTHQUAKES AND LANDSLIDES IN THE REGION OF CALABRIA, ITALY 意大利卡拉布里亚地区由地震和滑坡引起的海啸淹没地区的分析

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200121

F. Minniti, G. Foti, G. Barbaro

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF AREAS INUNDATED BY TSUNAMIS INDUCED BY EARTHQUAKES AND LANDSLIDES IN THE REGION OF CALABRIA, ITALY","authors":"F. Minniti, G. Foti, G. Barbaro","doi":"10.2495/risk200121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200121","url":null,"abstract":"Tsunamis are catastrophic events that occur especially in the Pacific or the Indian Ocean, causing violent inundations and destroying entire cities near the coast. They can also occur in the Mediterranean Sea, but their magnitude is smaller than in the Pacific or Indian Oceans; their effects however can be as fatal, because of high coastal exposure and vulnerability. These have been growing in the last few years as a result of increased coastal anthropization. This situation leads to a careful reflection on assessments of tsunami hazard due to earthquakes or landslides and of the consequences of tsunami impacts. The paper discusses these issues through an application along the Calabrian coasts in southern Italy. Our analysis starts from the description of the phenomena that have already taken place in order to assess the risk associated with any tsunami and to manage the consequent risk affected areas. Tsunamis are due to earthquakes or landslides mainly because of the high seismicity of the particular area. Many seismic events took place over time causing the onset of landslides and coastal floods. In particular the most catastrophic were the landslide-induced tsunami in Scilla in 1783, and the tsunami in the Strait of Messina in 1908, both in Calabria. In our case study, the Scilla tsunami has been treated with reference to the reconstruction of the landslide that induced it and the related flood. It is important to interpret the mechanisms of induction and propagation of these phenomena through events that have already occurred. In this way, we can have a complete picture of the risk and management of these phenomena in our territory, essential for human safety. The reconstruction of the event was made using QGIS and MATLAB software. QGIS was used to reconstruct the geometric domain, to interpret bathymetric data provided by the IGM (the Military Geographical Institute) and to map areas with risk of flooding, necessary for the management phase. MATLAB was used to reconstruct landslide geometry and the propagation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73500776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

EXPLOSIVENESS OF HYDROCARBON VAPOURS IN INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS 工业装置中烃类蒸气在各种条件下的爆炸性

WIT transactions on engineering sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.2495/risk200081

J. Karl, Eliška Fišerová, D. Maxa

{"title":"EXPLOSIVENESS OF HYDROCARBON VAPOURS IN INDUSTRIAL INSTALLATIONS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS","authors":"J. Karl, Eliška Fišerová, D. Maxa","doi":"10.2495/risk200081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/risk200081","url":null,"abstract":"Cleaning, maintenance and repair works in petroleum transport and storage equipment are activities connected with an increased risk of explosion. After the pipes and vessels have been emptied, residual amounts of flammable liquids can spontaneously evaporate into the equipment vapour space. To appraise the risk of explosion, it is necessary to assess the formation of an explosive mixture of hydrocarbons with air under various operating conditions. A device was designed that simulates the described system at a reduced scale under stationary conditions for which a vapour–liquid equilibrium is reached. The equilibrium gas phase was analysed to determine the influence of temperature, pressure, and initial liquid phase volume proportion on the lower explosion limit percentage value. The results of the experiments were compared with numerical calculations. Aspen HYSYS software was used for theoretical calculations of vapour–liquid equilibrium and estimation of the lower explosive limit percentage value. It has been confirmed that the concentration of flammable substances in the mixture increases with temperature. As expected, the concentration of flammable substances at a certain temperature decreased with increasing pressure, as the partial pressure of flammable substances remained approximately the same at elevated partial pressures of air. The prediction of the vapour phase composition based on equilibrium calculations in the process simulator provided a pessimistic estimate of the results with a higher hydrocarbon concentration than the experimental measurements. Since the theoretical estimate of the composition of the hydrocarbon-containing atmosphere was always on the “safe side”, it seems to be suitable for predicting the risk of explosion in industrial facilities under known conditions – temperature, pressure, composition and amount of flammable substance.","PeriodicalId":23647,"journal":{"name":"WIT transactions on engineering sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90999829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0