{"title":"Event Tree Reliability Analysis of Electrical Power Generation Network using Formal Techniques","authors":"M. Abdelghany, Waqar Ahmad, S. Tahar","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320092","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a significant proliferation in the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind/solar systems, for power generation. However, the main obstacle that these resources face is their intermittent nature, which greatly affects their ability to deliver constant power to the power network. This raises several reliability-related concerns and existing sampling-based simulation tools, such as the Monte-Carlo approach, cannot guarantee absolute accuracy of the reliability analysis results due to their inherent incompleteness. In this paper, we propose to use formal techniques based on theorem proving to conduct the reliability analysis of electric grids as an accurate alternate approach. In particular, we use the HOL4 theorem prover, which is a computer-based mathematical reasoning tool. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach by analyzing the reliability of the IEEE 39-bus power grid incorporating RES power plants and and also determine its reliability indices, such as System Average Interruption Frequency and Duration ($mathcal{S}mathcal{A}mathcal{I}mathcal{F}mathcal{I}$ and $mathcal{S}mathcal{A}mathcal{I}mathcal{D}mathcal{I}$). To assess the accuracy of our proposed approach, we compare our results with the commercial reliability analysis tool Isograph and the MATLAB toolbox based on Monte-Carlo approach.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"78 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121014045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GridKG: Knowledge Graph Representation of Distribution Grid Data","authors":"Yashar Kor, Liang Tan, M. Reformat, P. Musílek","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320066","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution grid systems are complex networks containing multiple pieces of equipment. All of them interconnected, and all of them described a variety of pieces of information. A knowledge graph provides an interesting data format that allows us to represent information in a form of graphs, i.e., nodes and edges – relations between them. In this paper, we describe an application of a knowledge graph to represent information about a power grid. We show the main components of such a graph – called GridKG, a simple process of identifying electrical paths, and a few examples of grid analysis related to primary switches.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127146351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Studies and Operational Experiences of PV Hosting Capacity Improvement by Smart Inverters","authors":"R. Varma, Vatandeep Singh","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of case studies and operational experiences of smart inverters in increasing hosting capacity in real distribution systems, worldwide. The phenomenal increase in penetration of solar PV systems has caused several grid integration challenges. Overvoltage due to active power injection by solar PV systems is a prominent factor that restricts hosting capacity of PV systems in distribution networks. Smart inverter functions on PV inverters have been shown to obviate this challenge and enhance hosting capacity. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different smart inverter functions such as constant power factor, volt-var, and volt-watt in improving hosting capacity. Key takeaways from various simulation studies and operating experiences of smart inverters in actual distribution systems across the world are described. This paper provides useful insights to utilities in understanding the impact of smart inverters for improving PV hosting capacity in their distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127437557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tareq Hossen, F. Sadeque, Mehmetcan Gursoy, B. Mirafzal
{"title":"Self-Secure Inverters Against Malicious Setpoints","authors":"Tareq Hossen, F. Sadeque, Mehmetcan Gursoy, B. Mirafzal","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320022","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of grid-interactive inverters is a cyber-physical device, which can receive setpoints in real-time from a utility operator or a third-party aggregator. This feature enhances the controllability of grid-interactive inverters to provide services beyond just pumping power to the grid. Being a cyber-physical device makes an inverter vulnerable to cyberattacks. In this paper, a model/knowledge-based technique is proposed for developing self-secure smart inverters. The reference model/knowledge is built based on the normal operating region of the inverter and its reduced-order dynamic model. The inverter can autonomously examine the incoming setpoints before engaging them to the local controller. The inverter must learn about the input and output circuits to determine its normal operating region through estimating system parameters. The estimation of the grid parameters is accomplished by injecting current at a different frequency than the power frequency. In this paper, the feasibility of realizing self-secure inverters is examined using a laboratory setup including a Powerflex 755 three-phase inverter and a 12 kW NHR 9410 power grid emulator. The results confirm that inverters can be programmed to autonomously accept or reject the incoming commands and protect themselves from malicious setpoints.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"177 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127544488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Protection Strategies for Wind Turbines Against Lightning","authors":"Choudhury Naser Alam, V. Sood","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320037","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of modern wind turbines (WTs) / wind turbine generators (WTGs) against lightning presents numerous challenges due to geometrical, electrical and mechanical characteristics of the turbines. The importance of the subject is increasing as the number of WT installations are trending more towards offshore applications where access for maintenance is increasingly more difficult than that for land-based wind farms. The objective of this paper is to collate, in an easily comprehensive manner, known information about the present protection of WTs, and make recommendations/suggestions that may contribute towards the future protection of WTs against catastrophic damage by lightning.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125010830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Capacity Determination for Critical Load in Power Systems","authors":"Hanyue Li, Jessica L. Wert, P. Cicilio","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320115","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience metrics are the cornerstone of implementing resilience-based improvements to the electric utility sector. There is a recognized need in power systems for increased resilience and there are numerous power system devices and methods that aim to improve resilience. These methods and devices need to be evaluated for their actual resilience value for each system they aim to improve to determine their worth for each system. This work presents the resilience metric called adaptive capacity calculated using the available transfer capability (ATC) method. Adaptive capacity determines the maximum incremental amount of power that can be transferred to critical loads in the aftermath of an event. The use of this metric is demonstrated by comparing the adaptive capacity of eight seasonal scenarios of the 2000-bus synthetic transmission network on the footprint of Texas with and without the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). This work highlights how adaptive capacity can help determine where the integration of DERs in the system will and will not provide a resilience benefit.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Integral Sliding Mode Control of Non-minimum Phase DC-DC Converters","authors":"Youssef El Haj, A. Sheir, R. Milman, V. Sood","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320126","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a modified integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) is proposed for non-minimum phase dc-dc converters. A boost dc-dc converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is chosen as a representative case study. The converter’s bilinear model and its effect on the controller design necessitate the need for a nonlinear controller. Unlike a recently introduced ISMC, the proposed controller does not need a priori knowledge of initial conditions such as inductor current or capacitor voltage, nor does it implement a sign function to ensure a fast response or reachability. A novel modified sliding surface which ensures reachability, stability and reduces chattering at the steady-state operation point is proposed. Moreover, the proposed controller in conjunction with a disturbance observer (DO) enables the converter to maintain stable operation under disturbances and uncertainties. The system’s robustness against drastic, discontinuous, autonomous, or non-zero derivative disturbances are enhanced by including an invariant saturation function. The performance of the proposed ISMC is tested and compared with a well-established linear controller to prove its validity under different types and levels of disturbances and uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114834950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flávio Alceu, Lídia Gusmão, Douglas Akassaka, Hugo Helito
{"title":"A CPFL Energia Fraud Detection Model Based on Geographic Census Sectors Analysis","authors":"Flávio Alceu, Lídia Gusmão, Douglas Akassaka, Hugo Helito","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320023","url":null,"abstract":"Non-technical losses and irregular energy consumption severely jeopardize distribution utilities, and customers in general. Therefore, reducing them and pursuing revenue recovery stand for a crucial mechanism to secure companies financial health and quality in provided services. In such context, this work incorporates socioeconomic variables from demographic census into fraud detection models to improve the existing algorithms and enhance their performance. The inclusion of geographically sectioned explanatory characteristics reduces the existing models bias, preventing that only vulnerable areas are addressed in inspections, whereas others are unwisely left out. In order to achieve so, demographic census data are combined with historical inspection results and myriad predictive modeling tools to evaluate sectors fraud scores–i.e., the likeliness that an inspection will lead to the identification of a fraud within a given sector–and point out areas to which more inspections should be directed. The final proposed methodology applies Linear Regression, Spatial Auto-regressive Models, Geographically Weighted Regression and Logistic Regression techniques and the inclusion of sectors fraud scores has increased model accuracy to 72% (a 3 percentage points growth), improving success rates for fraud detection.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115813769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Klauber, K. Shetye, Zeyu Mao, T. Overbye, J. Gannon, M. Henderson
{"title":"Real-Time Monitoring Applications for the Power Grid under Geomagnetic Disturbances","authors":"C. Klauber, K. Shetye, Zeyu Mao, T. Overbye, J. Gannon, M. Henderson","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9320114","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research on the impact of geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) on the electric grid has mainly focused on improving GMD modeling for off-line analyses. Given the recent industry emphasis on monitoring the earth’s magnetic field and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC), this paper describes a real-time GMD monitoring system. The real-time magnetic field measurements come from a network of six magnetometers installed in the US State of Texas. The paper focuses on the real-time GIC monitoring application implemented in a simulation environment, which could be extended to the real grid. The magnetic field measurements are coupled with ground conductivity models to calculate real-time electric fields, which are passed to a grid model to estimate and visualize GICs in real-time. Results are demonstrated on a synthetic but realistic and publicly available model of the Texas grid. The simulation environment is interactive with communication capabilities, making operational control and GMD mitigation possible in the near future.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132056305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peak-Load Forecasting of Nova Scotia During Winter Using Support Vector Machine with Optimally Configured Hyperparameters","authors":"Ali R. Al-Roomi, M. El-Hawary","doi":"10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9319923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC48502.2020.9319923","url":null,"abstract":"Modern machine learning (ML) computing systems proved themselves as effective tools to forecast electric load demand. However, their internal learning optimization algorithms could trap into local optima. To tackle this issue, one of the practical ways is to optimize their hyperparameters. This paper presents a simple way to do that by using the most basic random search algorithm (RSA) as a global optimizer. Support vector regression (SVR), which is a special type of support vector machine (SVM), is used. To do that, the total number of iterations is divided into multiple stages, and then RSA is sequentially executed where the search space is minimized at the end of each stage. The process ensures reaching a very rich area of near-optimal SVR settings, which can then be picked up as final candidate solutions. This technique is applied to forecast the peak-load of Nova Scotia - Canada during the winter of 2018-2019. The prediction accuracy of this effective simple technique can reach 99.89% and 97.17% for the training and test sets, respectively.","PeriodicalId":236395,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Electric Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)","volume":"54 84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132469384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}