Water-Resources Investigations Report最新文献_第7页

Development and Application of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Estimating Atrazine Concentration Distributions in Streams 流域回归法估算溪流中莠去津浓度分布的发展与应用

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034047

S. Larson, C. G. Crawford, R. Gilliom

引用次数: 24

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory : determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom and suspended sediment by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection 美国地质调查局国家水质实验室的分析方法:用电子捕获检测气相色谱法测定底部和悬浮沉积物中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034293

M. C. Noriega, Duane S. Wydoski, W. T. Foreman

引用次数: 20

Quality of Water from Shallow Wells in Urban Residential and Light Commercial Areas in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, 2001 through 2002 2001年至2002年路易斯安那州拉斐特教区城市住宅和轻型商业区浅水井水质

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/wri20034118

R. B. Fendick, R. W. Tollett

{"title":"Quality of Water from Shallow Wells in Urban Residential and Light Commercial Areas in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, 2001 through 2002","authors":"R. B. Fendick, R. W. Tollett","doi":"10.3133/wri20034118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034118","url":null,"abstract":"In 2001-02, the U.S. Geological Survey installed and sampled 28 shallow wells in urban residential and light commercial areas in Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, for a land-use study in the Acadian-Pontchartrain Study Unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The wells were installed in the Chicot aquifer system, the primary source of water for irrigation and public-water supplies in southwestern Louisiana. The purpose of this report is to describe the quality of water from the 28 shallow wells and to relate that water quality to natural factors and to human activities. Ground-water samples were analyzed for general ground-water properties and about 240 water-quality constituents, including dissolved solids, major inorganic ions, trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), radon, chlorofluorocarbons, selected stable isotopes, pesticides, pesticide degradation products, and volatile organic compounds (VOC’s). Dissolved-solids concentrations for two wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 500 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Concentrations for major inorganic ions, trace elements, pesticides, degradation products, and VOC’s were less than the Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water. Manganese concentrations for 18 wells exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level of 50 micrograms per liter. Arsenic concentrations increased with depth and with increased pH, bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium concentrations. Six pesticides and three degradation products were detected in the ground-water samples. Ten VOC’s also were detected in the ground-water samples. One nutrient concentration (that for nitrite plus nitrate) was greater than 2 mg/L, a level that might indicate contamination from human activities, and was greater than the Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L. The median DOC concentration was an estimated 0.3 mg/L, which indicated naturallyoccurring DOC conditions in the shallow ground water in Lafayette Parish. Quality-control samples indicated no bias in ground-water data from collection or analysis. Radon concentrations for 19 of 20 wells sampled were greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 300 picocuries per liter (piC/L). Radon concentrations ranged from 280 to 2,220 piC/L and had a median of 389 piC/L. Radon concentrations were correlated moderately and inversely to the depth to the top of the screened interval. Chlorofluorocarbons indicated the apparent age of the ground water varied with water level and ranged from about 12 to 50 years. The Mann-Whitney rank-sum test was used to compare water-quality data in the Chicot aquifer system between four groups of wells from three NAWQA studies. The means for most constituents were less for the urban wells than for wells in the rice-growing areas. The larger dissolved-solids concentrations, particularly sodium and chloride, for samples from wells in the rice-growin","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86743576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulation of Surface-Water Flow and Transport to Florida Bay through the Southern Inland and Coastal Systems (SICS) 通过南部内陆和海岸系统(SICS)向佛罗里达湾地表水流和输送的二维水动力模拟

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034287

E. Swain, Melinda A. Wolfert, J. Bales, C. R. Goodwin

引用次数: 39

Drought Conditions in Maine, 1999-2002: A Historical Perspective 1999-2002年缅因州的干旱状况:一个历史的视角

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034310

P. Lombard

{"title":"Drought Conditions in Maine, 1999-2002: A Historical Perspective","authors":"P. Lombard","doi":"10.3133/WRI034310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034310","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrologic drought can be defined as reduced streamflow, declining ground-water levels, and (or) reductions in lake or reservoir levels. Monthly precipitation totals, annual 7-day low-flow surface-water recurrence intervals, and month-end ground-water levels from drought years 1999-2002 show that 19992002 was the driest period of hydrologic drought in more than 50 years of record in Maine. Record lows were set in all three data sets at select locations in central Maine in April 1999, and in September 2001 and 2002. Although streamflows recovered to normal levels during 2000, ground-water levels in central Maine indicate that the drought carried over through 2000 into 2001 and 2002 in some locations. In 2001, annual 7-day low flows with greater than 100-year recurrence intervals were recorded in central Maine and low flows with up to 75-year recurrence intervals were recorded in coastal areas. In 2002, annual 7-day low flows with greater than 100-year recurrence intervals were recorded at 4 of 14 stations analyzed statewide, placing it as the driest single year of hydrologic drought on record. Month-end groundwater levels at one location in central Maine indicate that the recent hydrologic drought years were the most severe in more than 50 years in that region. The period from 1947 to 1950 may have been the only comparable period of drought to the 1999-2002 period, in Maine. The 1960s drought, although extreme in the far northern and far southern regions of the State, was most exceptional for its duration from 1963 to 1969. INTRODUCTION Drought is among the most complex and least understood of all natural hazards, affecting more people than any other natural hazard (American Meteorological Society, 1997). Although drought typically is not considered a problem in the humid northeastern United States, it is a normal, recurring feature in all climatic regimes. Drought is a temporary aberration, relative to some long-term (tens of years) average condition, as opposed to aridity, which is a permanent feature of some regional climates (American Meteorological Society, 1997). Many questions still remain concerning the physical mechanisms responsible for the onset, persistence, and spatial extent of regional hydrologic drought in the northeast because of hydrologic variability and the inherent complexity of hydrologic systems (Bradbury and others, 2002). Dry conditions were present in Maine from 1999 to 2002, with a severe drought in 2001-2002. Most U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring wells, and many streamflow-gaging stations, set record lows during this period. An estimated 7 percent, or approximately 17,000 private wells in Maine went dry in the 9 months prior to April 2002 (Maine Emergency Management Agency, 2002). Wells in central Maine were the most likely to have low water levels. Thirtyfive public water supplies, including eight large community systems, were affected severely (Andrews Tolman, Maine Drinking Water Program, written communication","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Water-quality and bottom-material characteristics of Cross Lake, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, 1997-99 路易斯安那州卡多教区克罗斯湖水质和底质特征

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034135

B. McGee

{"title":"Water-quality and bottom-material characteristics of Cross Lake, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, 1997-99","authors":"B. McGee","doi":"10.3133/WRI034135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034135","url":null,"abstract":"Cross Lake is a shallow, monomictic lake that was formed in 1926 by the impoundment of Cross Bayou. The lake is the primary drinking-water supply for the City of Shreveport, Louisiana. In recent years, the lakeshore has become increasingly urbanized. In addition, the land use of the watershed contributing runoff to Cross Lake has changed. Changes in land use and urbanization could affect the water chemistry and biology of the Lake. Water-quality data were collected at 10 sites on Cross Lake from February 1997 to February 1999. Water-column and bottom-material samples were collected. The water-column samples were collected at least four times per year. These samples analyzed included physical and chemical-related properties such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance; selected major inorganic ions; nutrients; minor elements; organic chemical constituents; and bacteria. Suspended-sediment samples were collected seven times during the sampling period. The bottom-material samples, which were collected once during the sampling period, were analyzed for selected minor elements and inorganic carbon. Aside from the nutrient-enriched condition of Cross Lake, the overall water-quality of Cross Lake is good. No primary Federal or State water-quality criteria were exceeded by any of the water-quality constituents analyzed for this report. Concentrations of major inorganic constituents, except iron and manganese, were low. Water from the lake is a sodium-bicarbonate type and is soft. Minor elements and organic compounds were present in low concentrations, many below detection limits. Nitrogen and phosphorus were the nutrients occurring in the highest concentrations. Nutrients were evenly distributed across the lake with no particular water-quality site indicating consistently higher or lower nutrient concentrations. No water samples analyzed for nitrate exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter. Based on nitrogen to phosphorus ratios calculated for Cross Lake, median values for all water-quality sites were within the nitrogen-limited range (less than or equal to 5). Historical Trophic State Indexes for Cross Lake classified the lake as eutrophic. Recent (1998-99) Trophic State Indexes classify Cross Lake as mesotrophic-eutrophic, which might indicate a reduction in eutrophication. Sedimentation traps indicate that Cross Lake is filling at an average rate of 0.41 inch per year. Concentrations of fecal-coliform and streptococci bacteria generally were low. Fecal coliform was detected in higher concentrations than fecal streptococci. High bacteria concentrations were measured shortly after rainfall-runoff events, possibly washing bacteria from surrounding areas into the lake.","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84088332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Estimating the magnitude of bankfull flows for streams in Idaho 估算爱达荷州河流的堤岸流量

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034261

J. E. Hortness, C. Berenbrock

引用次数: 8

Environmental setting, water quality, and ecological indicators of surface-water quality in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 1998-2001年路易斯安那州西南部Mermentau河流域地表水环境、水质和生态指标

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034185

S. C. Skrobialowski, S. Mize, D. K. Demcheck

{"title":"Environmental setting, water quality, and ecological indicators of surface-water quality in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001","authors":"S. C. Skrobialowski, S. Mize, D. K. Demcheck","doi":"10.3133/WRI034185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/WRI034185","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected data from 29 wells and 24 surface-water sites in the Mermentau River Basin, 1998-2001, to better understand ground-water and surface-water quality; aquatic invertebrate communities; and habitat conditions, in relation to land use. This study was a part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which was designed to assess water quality as it relates to various land uses. Water-quality data were evaluated with criteria established for the protection of drinking water and aquatic life, and bed-sediment data were compared to aquatic-life criteria. Water-quality and ecological data were analyzed statistically in relation to drainage area and agricultural land-use intensity. Concentrations of nutrients and major inorganic ions in ground water and surface water generally were highest in the southeastern part of the study area where soils contain thick loess deposits. Peak concentrations of nutrients in surface water occurred March-May at two sites with high agricultural intensity; the lowest concentrations occurred August-January. The greatest potential for eutrophic conditions in surface water, based on nutrient concentrations, existed March-May, at about the same time or shortly after ricefields were drained. Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were exceeded for sulfate, chloride, iron, or manganese in samples from 20 wells, and for iron or manganese in samples from all surface-water sites. Fewer pesticides were detected in ground water than in surface water. In 11 of the 29 wells sampled, at least one pesticide or pesticide degradation product was detected. The most frequently detected pesticides or pesticide degradation products in ground water were the herbicides bentazon and atrazine. Concentrations of 4 7 pesticides and degradation products were detected in surface water. At least 3 pesticides were detected in all surface-water samples. In 72 percent of the samples at least 5 hydrophylic pesticides were detected, and in more than 70 percent of the samples at least 3 hydrophobic pesticides were detected. Although atrazine concentrations in three samples collected in the spring exceeded 3 ~giL (micrograms per liter), the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level of 3 ~giL was not exceeded because it is based on an annual average of quarterly samples. Concentrations larger than 3.0 ~giL were not detected in samples collected during other times of the year. Tebuthiuron was detected at all surface-water sites; the largest concentration (6.33 ~giL) was detected at a site on Bayou des Cannes, and was the only detection that exceeded the criterion (1.6 ~giL) for the protection of aquatic life. Malathion was detected at 16 surface-water sites; the largest concentration (0.113 ~giL) was detected at a site on Bayou Lacassine, and was the only detection that exceeded the criterion (0.1 ~giL) for the protection of aquatic life. Concentrations of fipronil excee","PeriodicalId":23603,"journal":{"name":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89329459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Relations between total-sediment load and peak discharge for rainstorm runoff on five ephemeral streams in Wyoming 怀俄明州5条河流暴雨径流的总输沙量与峰值流量的关系

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI024150

J. G. Rankl

引用次数: 18

Documentation of revisions to the regional aquifer system analysis model of the New Jersey coastal plain 新泽西州沿海平原区域含水层系统分析模型修订文件

Water-Resources Investigations Report Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.3133/WRI034268

L. M. Voronin

引用次数: 9