Research and Policy on Turkey最新文献

Work and family reconciliation in Turkey: young women as a vulnerable group in the labour market 土耳其的工作与家庭和解:作为劳动力市场弱势群体的年轻女性

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1517450

Başak Akkan, Simla Serim

{"title":"Work and family reconciliation in Turkey: young women as a vulnerable group in the labour market","authors":"Başak Akkan, Simla Serim","doi":"10.1080/23760818.2018.1517450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517450","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Women are considered one of the most vulnerable groups in Turkey in terms of their labour market participation. This article explores the changing features of work and family reconciliation; the possible effects of newly introduced labour market policies on flexibility, and childcare arrangements. The vulnerability of women – young women in particular – in the labour market manifests itself in two areas: access to the labour market and staying in the labour market. The problems of access and continuity can be explained by difficulties in reconciling work and family life and by a labour market structure that creates vulnerabilities for young women, particularly those with a low level of education who engage in informal and precarious jobs. We argue that policies that aim to support women’s employment are situated in the wider context of policies that are designed to promote flexible employment practices, and as such, their capacity for creating decent work opportunities for women is questioned. Furthermore, in the absence of adequate public childcare (which reflects the traditional gender division of labour within the family), ostensibly women-friendly measures fail to produce the desired outcome: an increase in female employment. Flexible measures end up increasing the vulnerability of young women who are engaged in precarious jobs. This situation will persist unless policies are instituted that reconcile work and family and that address gender and class inequalities by providing extensive childcare facilities.","PeriodicalId":235323,"journal":{"name":"Research and Policy on Turkey","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Illegality in the informal labour market: findings from pilot research on child labour in Istanbul 非正规劳动力市场的非法性:伊斯坦布尔童工问题试点研究的结果

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1517448

E. Erdoğan, Pınar Uyan Semerci

{"title":"Illegality in the informal labour market: findings from pilot research on child labour in Istanbul","authors":"E. Erdoğan, Pınar Uyan Semerci","doi":"10.1080/23760818.2018.1517448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Children consist of one-third of the population of Turkey that has the second highest level of child poverty among the OECD countries. Child labour is widely observed, especially in the poor families, according to the last official statistics obtained in 2013 in Turkey more than 900.000 children are working. Child labour deprives children of their childhood with short-term and long-term negative consequences. Not only those children who work under the legal age but also children aged 15–18 who can legally work are often working illegally due to existing informal labour market conditions that do not fulfil legal requirements. Using the findings of the pilot research project on child labour in 2017 in Istanbul (Bağcılar and Küçükçekmece), we will elaborate on various dimensions of child labour in urban settings. The research was conducted, in thirty-seven neighbourhoods with 301 working children between the ages of 12–18 and with one of their parents. Acknowledging its limitations, the findings of the pilot research still provide important insights. Poverty is the root cause of child labour, especially in urban Turkey, nevertheless, our work seeks to determine which other factors play an important role in influencing the decision to enter a child into the labour market. Material well-being is crucial for children's wellbeing, but it is not the only determining factor. By clustering analysis, we elaborate on which group of children are more vulnerable and therefore should be immediately targeted. Presenting the environment in which children are working, the costs of being a child-worker are discussed in terms of school performance and drop-out, housework and leisure time activities. Finally, we focus on the reasons of being a child worker.","PeriodicalId":235323,"journal":{"name":"Research and Policy on Turkey","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128769190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Familialization of care arrangements in Turkey: questioning the social inclusion of ‘the invisible’ 土耳其护理安排的熟悉化:对“隐形”社会包容性的质疑

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1517447

A. Aybars, F. U. Beşpınar, H. Kalaycıoğlu

{"title":"Familialization of care arrangements in Turkey: questioning the social inclusion of ‘the invisible’","authors":"A. Aybars, F. U. Beşpınar, H. Kalaycıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/23760818.2018.1517447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the dynamics of care arrangements for children, persons with disabilities (PWD), and the elderly, who constitute the group of ‘the invisible’ in social policy in Turkey. The invisibility of these three groups stems from their systematic, consistent and diffuse exclusion from the social, political and economic life of the country. The context of social inclusion policies for these groups in Turkey presents a challenge to assess their implications in three important respects: (I) the lack of data concerning these groups, (II) the lack of policy tools and instruments assessing the existing assistance and services for these groups, to allow comparative evaluations, and (III) general orientation of care services and policies towards families, therefore not targeting the direct correspondents of these policies. This paper outlines existing care policies for children, PWD and the elderly in Turkey, with a view to assessing their implications for promoting social inclusion, in two different aspects. While social inclusion literature is predominantly focused on the implication of social policies for the care-receivers, this paper examines the social inclusion implications of care policies also for those who are traditionally assigned the role of caregiver, namely, women. The latter dimension is a consequence of the increasing familialization of care policies in Turkey, which leads to the exclusion of women from economic and social life, thus reproducing the invisibility of these three groups while sustaining an overarching invisibility, that of women.","PeriodicalId":235323,"journal":{"name":"Research and Policy on Turkey","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Non-public welfare in Turkey: new and old forms of religiously-motivated associations 土耳其的非公共福利:新形式和旧形式的宗教组织

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1517451

İpek Göçmen

引用次数: 1

Introduction: social policies and social inequalities in contemporary Turkey 引言:当代土耳其的社会政策和社会不平等

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1517453

V. Yilmaz

{"title":"Introduction: social policies and social inequalities in contemporary Turkey","authors":"V. Yilmaz","doi":"10.1080/23760818.2018.1517453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Turkey undertook a series of social policy reforms in the 2000s, including a large-scale transformation in health care, recalibration of its pension system, the introduction of a new industrial relations regime, reconstruction of its labour market, the launch of a wide range of social assistance programs and alterations in social care arrangements. This wide range of social policy changes and their impact on the patterns of social inequalities in Turkey has created a highly fruitful research agenda that has attracted the considerable interest of academics from different social science disciplines. This special issue contributes to this literature by offering a critical analysis of recent social policy changes and the changing patterns of social inequalities covering an impressive range of issues: social care, child labour, youth unemployment, young women's employment, the role of faith-based organizations in social welfare and the pension reform. This introduction to this special issue briefly reviews the history of social policy development in Turkey and scholarly debates on the direction of social policy changes in the last decade. Then the article examines contemporary policy trends and the patterns of social inequalities in three policy areas, namely, employment and income generation, education, and housing, which are also selected to reveal the changing character of social policy arrangements and to complement the comprehensive picture that this special issue sketches.","PeriodicalId":235323,"journal":{"name":"Research and Policy on Turkey","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134571682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Unemployment as a chronic problem facing young people in Turkey 失业是土耳其年轻人面临的一个长期问题

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1517449

Kezban Çelik, G. D. Lüküslü

{"title":"Unemployment as a chronic problem facing young people in Turkey","authors":"Kezban Çelik, G. D. Lüküslü","doi":"10.1080/23760818.2018.1517449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1517449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The International Labour Organization (ILO) has warned of young workers facing a dangerous mix of high unemployment, increased inactivity and precarious work in developed countries, as well as persistently high working poverty in the developing world. Living in a developing country, Turkey’s young population experiences similar problems with unemployment and the transition to the labour market. Officially unemployment stood at nearly 11% in the first quarter of 2018 and the rate of youth unemployment was higher than twice the average of OECD countries – although the number of young people in higher education skyrocketed. However, the present troubles of Turkey’s youth in the labour market leave many of them questioning the meaning of acquiring an education, as well as the efficiency of the education system itself. It is common knowledge that higher education graduates in the 20–24 age group are more likely to be unemployed than adults who have lesser qualifications and young women are affected worst. Any effort to address the issue will need to draw on our understanding of various factors like labour market structure, demography, gender, and migration dynamics underlying unemployment and labour relations in Turkey today. This article evaluates these factors with a view to assessing their impact on the young generation of Turkey and shed light on youth unemployment and labour issues in the country.","PeriodicalId":235323,"journal":{"name":"Research and Policy on Turkey","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125943055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Judicial “empowerment” through constitutional change: the case of Chilean and Turkish Constitutional Courts 通过宪法改革赋予司法“权力”:智利和土耳其宪法法院的案例

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1445233

O. Yeğen

引用次数: 1

Normative foundations of the right to individual complaint in Turkey with a case study on electoral rights 土耳其个人申诉权的规范基础，附关于选举权的个案研究

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1445234

Ece Göztepe

引用次数: 2

Judicial review and social construction: the case of the Turkish Constitutional Court 司法审查与社会建设:土耳其宪法法院案例

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1445232

Felix Petersen

引用次数: 3

Rupture and repair: military courts and the Turkish Court of Jurisdictional Conflict 断裂与修复:军事法院与土耳其法院的管辖权冲突

Research and Policy on Turkey Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23760818.2018.1445231

Joakim Parslow

{"title":"Rupture and repair: military courts and the Turkish Court of Jurisdictional Conflict","authors":"Joakim Parslow","doi":"10.1080/23760818.2018.1445231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23760818.2018.1445231","url":null,"abstract":"Military trials of civilians, state security courts and similar exceptional venues have long been a controversial feature of the Turkish judiciary. However, while much of the contestation regarding the existence such courts has played out in the field of politics, the day-to-day negotiation of the boundary between ordinary offences and the ‘exceptional’ treats to national security that constitutes their raison d’être has generally taken place on the margins of public attention, carried out, not by politicians or army generals, but by jurists operating in the realm of legal technicalities. Focusing on Turkey’s Court of Jurisdictional Conflict (Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi), this article demonstrates how the interaction of judges and legal scholars over several decades established this practice. It then analyses a series of rulings regarding the jurisdiction of military courts over civilians immediately before and after the 1980 coup d’état. The analysis shows that even when the army suspended the constitution and dissolved parliament, Turkish judges on both sides of the civilian-military divide continued to negotiate their respective jurisdiction in keeping with established doctrine. By obscuring the separation between the law and the exception, they both maintained the autonomy of military courts and solved the jurisdictional conflicts they gave rise to case by case. The Court of Jurisdictional Conflict is thus symptomatic of the Turkish legal tradition’s tendency to leave the state’s fundamental contradictions intact while containing the resulting conflicts within the framework of a flexible legality.","PeriodicalId":235323,"journal":{"name":"Research and Policy on Turkey","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132867192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1