Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0006
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"Plans Hit Reality","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Afghanistan’s recent complex history, which is characterized by fragile state structures and continuous internal and external power struggles. It shows that in presuming decisive victory, the Bush administration underestimated the post-Taliban regime challenges as internal and external rivalries unfolded in predictable ways.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121808907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0014
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"More Shovels in the Quicksand","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the slow change in mindsets, especially in McChrystal, that reintegration of and reconciliation with the Taliban, along with a negotiated outcome, might be the most promising way to a lasting outcome.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124217527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion to Part V","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.1201/b11298-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b11298-28","url":null,"abstract":"Why did this toxic combination arise of an insurgency with tangible support and a host nation government unable to win the battle of legitimacy in contested and insurgent-controlled areas? Existing explanations focus on the lack of Phase IV planning, inadequate troop presence to maintain security, and poor politico-military integration....","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130136244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0041
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"Implications for Scholarship","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, this chapter suggests avenues and questions for further research.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124143520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0021
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"Exploratory Talks","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses U.S. efforts of reconciliation with the Taliban. Starting in late 2010, U.S. government officials regularly met with Taliban representatives to facilitate confidence-building measures such as detainee exchanges and the opening of a Taliban office in Doha office. Meanwhile, tensions grew between the U.S. government and Karzai, who rejected and felt blind-sided by these talks.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127748635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0025
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"Operation Iraqi Freedom","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses war planning that preceded Operation Iraqi Freedom. It lays bare the implicit aim of decisive victory as well as the overly optimistic assumptions about turning military victory into a durable political outcome. While the military operation was repeatedly war-gamed and rehearsed, little attention was paid to post-combat operations, and even worse, there was yet again no inter-agency coordination.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115766121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0018
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"Reconciliation versus Transition","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter overviews different reasons why there never was a serious attempt at reconciliation in Afghanistan. These reasons can be found both within the Obama. administration and the complexity of the conflict itself.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114778137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0032
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"To Surge or Not to Surge","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the concept of loss aversion to explain why it took the U.S. government so long to change their strategy. Loss aversion created the desire to preserve perceived gains and resist changes in strategy that could place them at risk – even as the cost of the current policy was high, and its prospects of success were low. Only when the Bush administration accepted that the current plan would guarantee a loss and a new approach could result in a win at acceptable cost was it able to revise its strategy.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123435169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zero-Sum VictoryPub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0016
Christopher D. Kolenda
{"title":"Assessments and Risks","authors":"Christopher D. Kolenda","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter sheds light on how the success of the surge was assessed. As the surge was underway, each agency and department continued to assess the conflict within its silo, using different metrics and drawing different conclusions. With no interagency authority below the President, and the latter being focused on other events, the strategy for Afghanistan did not seem to take into account the developments on the ground.","PeriodicalId":235305,"journal":{"name":"Zero-Sum Victory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133653853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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