Vegetation History and Archaeobotany最新文献

{"title":"Testing the applicability of Watson's Green Revolution concept in first millennium ce Central Asia.","authors":"Basira Mir-Makhamad, Robert N Spengler","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00924-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00334-023-00924-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on archaeobotanical evidence from the central regions of Central Asia, we explore crop diffusion during the first millennium ce. We present a comprehensive summary of archaeobotanical data retrieved from this region dating to this period in order to better understand cultural drivers pushing agricultural intensification and crop diversification. We use these data to evaluate the applicability of Watson's concept of a Medieval Green Revolution. Despite ecological limits to cultivation of most of Watson's crops in much of Central Asia, some of these crops, particularly <i>Gossypium arboretum/herbaceum</i> (cotton) and <i>Oryza sativa</i> (rice), are prominent in the region today. In both cases there is now good archaeobotanical evidence showing that they were cultivated prior to the Islamic conquests in Central Asia. Moreover, the occurrence of several crops - <i>Solanum melongena</i> (eggplant), <i>Ficus carica</i> (fig), <i>Morus alba/nigra</i> (mulberry), and two spices - <i>Rhus coriaria</i> (sumac) and <i>Coriandrum sativum</i> (coriander) - have first been observed in phases dated to the 19th century ce. There is reason to believe that elaborate irrigation systems and seasonal rotation cycles were already in place in this region prior to the development of a centralized Arabic and Islamic government and are likely tied to urbanization in the first half of the first millennium ce. We suggest that most of the trappings of Watson's model were present prior to this, but, as Watson's thesis is multifaceted their presence alone does not nullify the model. Additionally, the ecological and cultural diversity of Central Asia means that a proper evaluation of Watson's model requires a regionally specific examination.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00334-023-00924-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"1 1","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12881048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture and crop dispersal in the western periphery of the Old World: the Amazigh/Berber settling of the Canary Islands (ca. 2nd-15th centuries ce).","authors":"Jacob Morales, Claudia Speciale, Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pedro Henríquez-Valido, Efrain Marrero-Salas, Juan Carlos Hernández-Marrero, Rosa López, Teresa Delgado-Darias, Jenny Hagenblad, Rosa Fregel, Jonathan Santana","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00920-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00334-023-00920-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Canary Islands were settled ca. 1,800 years ago by Amazigh/Berber farming populations originating in North Africa. This historical event represents the last and westernmost expansion of the Mediterranean farming package in Antiquity, and investigating it yields information about crop dispersal along the periphery of the Mediterranean world around the turn of the first millennium ce. The current study focuses on archaeobotanical evidence recorded in a series of pre-Hispanic/Amazigh sites of the Canary Islands (ca. 2nd-15th centuries ce). It offers new, unpublished archaeobotanical findings and direct radiocarbon datings of plant remains from the different islands. The general goal is to gain a better grasp of how the first settlers of the Canary Islands adapted their farming activities to the different natural conditions of each island. The results suggest a shared crop 'package' throughout the islands since at least the 3rd-5th centuries ce. This set of plants was likely introduced from north-western Africa and consists of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> (hulled barley), <i>Triticum durum</i> (durum wheat), <i>Lens culinaris</i> (lentil), <i>Vicia faba</i> (broad bean), <i>Pisum sativum</i> (pea), and <i>Ficus carica</i> (fig). The crop 'package' probably arrived in a single episode during the initial colonisation and was not followed by any other plants. Subsequent to the initial settling and until the arrival of the European seafarers, the islands remained isolated from each other and from the outside world, a condition that over time led to a decline in crop diversity in all of the islands except Gran Canaria.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00334-023-00920-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":" ","pages":"219-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12881054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44262754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the nature of cereal agriculture at 8th- and 9th-century ad Sedgeford, East Anglia, UK.","authors":"Hannah Caroe, Amy Bogaard, Elizabeth Stroud","doi":"10.1007/s00334-026-01091-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00334-026-01091-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedgeford's multi-feature malting complex, dated to the 8th to 9th century ad, is the earliest known of the early medieval era in England (the approximately contemporaneous, sizeable malting kiln at Higham Ferrers not being part of a larger complex). Three complementary approaches are here used to reveal cultivation practices for cereal grains (predominantly rye and free-threshing wheat) malted at Sedgeford. Specifically, these are used to determine evidence for the three elements of the medieval 'mouldboard plough package': namely, 'extensive' cultivation, the use of a mouldboard plough and crop rotation. In terms of cultivation intensity, functional weed ecology (FWE) reveals an extensive crop husbandry regime (i.e. maintaining low levels of fertility), whilst stable nitrogen isotope analyses indicate low levels of manuring. FWE also reveals high levels of disturbance, consistent with mouldboard plough use. Finally, all three approaches are used to assess evidence for crop rotation. First, correspondence analyses of the assemblage are used to explore seasonality in crop cultivation. Results of correspondence analyses, together with those from FWE and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses all provide evidence for early crop rotation in fields supplying the malting complex. In sum, evidence suggests that all three elements of the medieval 'mouldboard plough package' were present at 8th and 9th century ad Sedgeford.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00334-026-01091-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"35 5","pages":"719-737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tale of two agricultural revolutions: crop introductions in the long 1st millennium ce southern Levant.","authors":"Annette M Hansen, Frits Heinrich, Dafna Langgut, Ehud Weiss, Daniel Fuks","doi":"10.1007/s00334-025-01060-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00334-025-01060-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to provide a robust regional synthesis of crop diffusion in the southern Levant, with the objective of ascertaining the significance of 1st millennium ce introductions, including those associated with Roman Agricultural Diffusion (RAD) and the Islamic Green Revolution (IGR). It does so by integrating published archaeobotanical data and written evidence from multiple periods to identify the earliest attestations of crop taxa. We present the earliest evidence for 80 crops in the region from the Neolithic until the Late Medieval period, focusing on 'the long 1st millennium ce'. We will not only consider first finds, but also, where possible, the qualitative evidence for adoption and entrenchment of these crop plants in this region. Our findings indicate that RAD crops are numerically more significant than IGR crops, although the difference is greater in the archaeobotanical record compared with the textual evidence. Nearly half of the surveyed crops for which we have reliable data were introduced to the southern Levant in the 1st millennium ce, indicating the unprecedented extent of crop introductions during this period.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00334-025-01060-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"35 1","pages":"157-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12881075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cereal crops in Yorkshire, UK (4000 bce–1100 ce)","authors":"Neal Payne","doi":"10.1007/s00334-025-01045-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-025-01045-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The substantial corpus of unpublished commercial and research excavation reports produced in the United Kingdom provides valuable data for investigating macro-scale changes in the archaeobotanical record. This article presents a comprehensive synthesis and reanalysis of archaeobotanical evidence from Yorkshire spanning the first evidence of cultivated cereal crops from ca. 4000 bce until 1100 ce . Yorkshire’s macro-botanical evidence has been collated and analysed using ubiquity and relative abundance data to establish long-term diachronic trends in the regional cereal crop records. Radiocarbon dated cereals have also been assembled to characterise the chronology of introductions and shifts in crop choice. The main outcomes of this analysis are: (1) a refinement of the chronologies for the introduction of new cereals to Yorkshire and (2) a clarification of their long-term trajectories as crops in the region. This article demonstrates that Roman Period arable practices were firmly rooted in pre-existing Iron Age traditions, with little alteration following conquest. Results also show a significant transition in the post-Roman Period away from a spelt wheat agriculture to barley agriculture complemented by other emerging free-threshing cereals. The climatic and socio-cultural context of this transition in the 5 and 6th centuries ce is discussed.","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"34 6","pages":"741-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00334-025-01045-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sieving the weeds from the grains: an R based package for classifying archaeobotanical samples of cereals and pulses according to crop processing stages.","authors":"Elizabeth Stroud, Glynis Jones, Michael Charles, Amy Bogaard","doi":"10.1007/s00334-024-01006-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-024-01006-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The R package CropPro is an open-access resource to classify archaeobotanical samples as products and by-products of different stages of the crop processing sequence for large-seeded cereal and pulse crops in south west Asia, Europe and other Mediterranean regions. It builds on ethnographic research and analysis conducted by Jones (Plants and ancient man: studies in palaeoethnobotany. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 43-61, 1984), (J Archaeol Sci 14:311-323, 1987), (Circaea 6:91-96, 1990) and a modified method by Charles (Environ Archaeol 1:111-122, 1998). CropPro provides functions, which allow users to construct triplots, to conduct discriminant analysis comparing archaeobotanical samples with ethnographic crop processing stages and to plot the discriminant analysis results. This paper provides two worked examples of the use of CropPro: the early medieval site of Stafford in the UK and the Bronze Age site of Tell Brak in Syria. These examples illustrate the use of the package for identifying crop-processing stages, and for assessing the relevance of taphonomic pathways other than crop processing.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00334-024-01006-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"34 1","pages":"101-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence of late Neolithic and early Metal Period agriculture in Turku, southwest Finland","authors":"Mia Lempiäinen‐Avci, Jouko Pukkila, Auli Bläuer, Mirva Pääkkönen, Henrik Asplund","doi":"10.1007/s00334-024-01008-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-024-01008-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A re-evaluation of late Neolithic cereal grains, combined with new archaeobotanical data, add to the evidence of late Neolithic and early Metal Period farming in southwest Finland. Earlier indications of late Neolithic cereals at the Niuskala Kotirinne site in Turku are confirmed by new radiocarbon dating results. An early occurrence of Hordeum has also found at a second site nearby, Räntämäki Riihivainio. The finds are discussed in relation to early dates of cereal finds and other indications of farming, as well as general interpretations of the earliest cereal growing in Finland and the northern Baltic region.","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"34 1","pages":"121-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00334-024-01008-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It’s all just barley and figs!” Identifying patterns of plant waste accumulation in House 169, Elephantine Island, Egypt (1750–1650 bc) using machine learning","authors":"Claire Malleson, F. Jordan Srour","doi":"10.1007/s00334-024-01010-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-024-01010-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"34 3","pages":"307-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147919671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene vegetation and flora dynamics of the west Cork/Kerry region, south-western Ireland","authors":"Michael O’Connell, Anette Overland","doi":"10.1007/s00334-024-00998-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-024-00998-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sediments from a small lake, Loch Beag, in Barrees, Beara peninsula, south-western Ireland, provide a record of vegetation history that spans most of the Lateglacial and Holocene (14–0.43 ka). The detailed part of the record relates to the Holocene, which is the focus of this paper. The investigations carried out include pollen and macrofossil analyses, loss-on-ignition measurements and 14 C dating. As well as providing records for tree and shrub taxa, and especially Pinus , Quercus , Ulmus , Fraxinus and Taxus , other taxa mainly with Atlantic and/or Lusitanian distributions are also considered. These include Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree) and fern species such as Osmunda regalis, and the filmy ferns Hymenophyllum tunbrigense , H. wilsonii and Trichomanes speciosum (Killarney fern). Detailed records for a suite of bog/heath taxa, including ericoid species ( Erica tetralix and E. cinerea ), Narthecium ossifragum , Hypericum elodes and Myrica gale , are presented. The results of 14 C dating of bog-pines from western Ireland are summarised. Results of other investigations, including key Holocene pollen diagrams, and charcoal and fossil-wood records from archaeological excavations that relate mainly to the Bronze Age in the wider west Cork/Kerry region, are reviewed. Vegetation dynamics, human impact and plant biogeography are discussed in the light of the considerable data now available for the region.","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00334-024-00998-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147891547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparable quantification methodologies in archaeobotany – a work-in-progress and debate","authors":"Jennifer Bates, Carolina Jiménez-Arteaga","doi":"10.1007/s00334-023-00982-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-023-00982-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23527,"journal":{"name":"Vegetation History and Archaeobotany","volume":"11 8","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}