Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University最新文献

{"title":"ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF MANAGING THE FUNDS OF MUTUAL FUNDS IN UNSTABLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF JSC UK INGOSSTRAKH-INVESTMENTS","authors":"Gulnara Talgatovna Gafurova, E. Kovaleva, Galina Zakharova, V. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-126-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-126-137","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key trends in the financial market, which actively manifested itself during the pandemic and then under sanctions pressure, was the active development of collective investments. At the same time, the new operating conditions for management companies, associated with the blocking of foreign assets, provoked significant difficulties in providing financial services to clients. In the current conditions, there is an increasing need to assess the practice of functioning of mutual investment funds and create mechanisms to reduce the negative consequences of the sanctions burden for individual financial market entities. Based on an analysis of the operating conditions of the management company and an assessment of the efficiency of managing the funds of mutual investment funds, it was determined that the key problems in the activities of the management company are the lack of significant financial results in the management of mutual funds, as well as the suspension of the work of five funds, which resulted in a deterioration in the financial performance of the company. In particular, there was a reduction in the company's assets by a third, an increase in country and currency risks, as well as a significant increase (by 350%) in labor costs. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors formulated measures to improve the efficiency of the company, including the creation of a personnel policy management system to improve the efficiency of the fund, the implementation of a scheme for the settlement of frozen assets by transferring funds from frozen mutual funds to a closed fund, as well as the transition to passive strategies for managing mutual funds. A project for a fund focused on Islamic investments has been developed, the portfolio of which includes shares of companies included in the Moscow Exchange Islamic Investment Index. An assessment of the fund’s potential showed prospects for forming the value of the fund's net assets in the amount of 990 million rubles.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"111 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF WEED CONTENSION OF GRAIN-GRASS-ROW CROP ROTATION IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA","authors":"Aleksandr Shpanev, V. Smuk","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to analyze the spatial distribution of weeds in grain-grass-row crop rotation in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Based on calculations of the index of pairwise species similarity and the coefficient of commonality of specific abundance, it was revealed, on the one hand, a high similarity in the species composition of weeds within the studied crop rotation (0.81...0.94), on the other hand, significant differences in the structure of weediness in fields (30, 4…70.6). The differences in weediness between some fields, both in terms of the number and above-ground mass of weeds, turned out to be statistically significant. Species abundance varied within 6...10 species/m2, numerical composition - 150...312 specimens/m2, phytomass - 51.2...272.5 g/m2 with an average value of this indicator for crop rotation fields of 8 species/m2, 251 ind./m2 and 161.7 g/m2, respectively. Uneven or aggregated distribution in the crop rotation territory, confirmed by high values of the coefficients of variation (151...567) and aggregation (2.1...16.2), turned out to be characteristic of all widespread species of weeds. Geostatic features of the distribution of their mass species in the area of grain-grass-row crop rotation were quite clearly visible on digital maps compiled using special programs. Significant differences in the weed structure of crop rotation fields and the distribution of individual weed species were a consequence of differences in the agrochemical characteristics of the soil, primarily acidity, the amount of exchangeable bases and the content of organic matter. When using herbicides in crop rotation, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of weediness in each field and the spatial distribution of mass species of weeds, which have developed under the influence of long-term agricultural use.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS BACILLUS ON THE GROWTH AND STRESS RESISTANCE OF SPRING WHEAT AND SOYBEAN SEEDLS","authors":"Gulnaz Shaymullina, R. Safin, Olga Egorova, A. Valiev, Marat Kalimullin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-53-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-53-59","url":null,"abstract":"The studies were carried out to assess the indicators of seed germination, root length, level of lipid peroxidation, content of photosynthetic pigments and free proline in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops when seeds were treated with strains of endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The scheme of vegetation experiments included modeling of 30% drought on sand and pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring wheat variety Yoldyz and soybean variety Sultana with endophytic bacteria: Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU, Bacillus cereus KS-56 AU, Bacillus pumilus KS-57 AU, Bacillus megaterium KS- 58 AU, Bacillus cereus KS-59 AU, Bacillus megaterium KS-60 AU and Bacillus pumilus KS-61 AU. Bacteria better stimulated root growth when using a titer of 1×106 cells in 1 ml of the drug (the increase was 0.6 cm on soybean with Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU and Bacillus megaterium KS-60 AU and 0.4 cm on wheat with Bacillus cereus KS -56 AU, Bacillus cereus KS-59 AU and Bacillus pumilus KS-61 AU). In wheat, the Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU strain stood out, treatment with which contributed to an increase in germination by 30%, a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation by 46%, an increase in the amount of free proline by 148% and photosynthetic pigments by 6%, relative to the control variant. On soybean plants, the strain Bacillus subtilis KS-55 AU contributed to an increase in germination by 40%, Bacillus cereus KS-59 AU contributed to a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation by 47% and the accumulation of proline by 73%, and Bacillus pumilus KS-61 AU increased the amount of total chlorophyll by 141%, relative to the control variant. Thus, we can conclude that the above strains of endophytic bacteria improve the growth and development of spring wheat and soybean seedlings, and also serve as inducers of crop resistance to soil drought.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL – EXPLORING RESEARCH OF THE MICRONIZATION INFLUENCE ON THE FRACTURE STRAIN OF CARYOPSIS","authors":"Fedor Kipriyanov, P. Savinyh","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-75-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-75-81","url":null,"abstract":"In conditions of increased productivity of farm animals, it is important to increase the energy efficiency of feed. The micronization of feed grains improves its digestibility, disinfects it, and reduces the amount of antinutrients. One of the criteria for the sufficiency of micronization is the fracture strain of caryopsis. Research to study the influence of micronization modes on the force of destruction of a grain with a wedge-shaped tip was carried out using the example of rye and barley grain. In a series of one-factor experiments, the fracture strain of caryopsis was determined upon the occurrence of various events: the beginning of cracking of the grain and the beginning of burning. The fracture strain at the beginning of cracking for rye grain decreased in the range from 9% to 20%, for barley grain - from 10% to 44%, at the beginning of burning - from 16% to 26% and from 44% to 50%, respectively. Measuring the breaking force of grains that were processed during the average time between the time of cracking and the start of burning showed that increasing the heating time did not lead to a significant decrease in the breaking force. To obtain the least force of grain destruction during micronization, it is necessary to ensure the height of the radiation source above the transporting surface from 10 mm to 15 mm with a processing duration of 33 to 41 s, preventing burning and charring of the grains. The resulting mathematical models adequately describe the change in the fracture force depending on the processing conditions. Processing in the optimal mode leads to a reduction in the force of destruction of the rye grain by 1.8 times from 66 to 37 N, of barley - by 2.3 times from 101 to 44 N.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"352 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF PEA AGROPHYTOCOENOSES (PISUM SATIVUM L.) UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE METHODS","authors":"O. Savelyeva, Andrey Savelyev, O. Bukin, Aleksandr Nikolskiy, Dmitriy Bochkarev","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-46-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-46-52","url":null,"abstract":"Research was carried out to determine the influence of various systems of basic soil cultivation on the prevalence and development of pests in the agrophytocenosis of peas. The work was carried out in 2017-2019 in the Republic of Mordovia in the second rotation of the crop rotation: peas - winter wheat - soybeans - spring barley. The experimental scheme included the following options: autumn disking at 10…12 cm + moldboard plowing at 22…24 cm (disking + plowing); autumn disking with a disc harrow at 10…12 cm (disking); zero tillage (direct sowing). The use of disking and direct sowing increased the infestation of crops with young weeds, compared with plowing, by 12 and 24 weeds/m2. Plowing led to a decrease in the amount of thistle and horsetail. The prevalence of rust and gray rot in peas was largely influenced by weather conditions favorable to pathogens. In 2017 the prevalence of rust in the flowering phase was higher than in the drier years of 2018-2019 by 44...53%, gray mold - by 17...23%. The intensity of pathogen development increased as the crop matured; in the experiment, the lowest value of this indicator was against the background of disking. Plowing significantly reduced the density of the pea aphid population compared to disking (by 79%) and direct sowing (by 11%). A similar pattern was noted for gamma moth caterpillars. The results obtained can be used in the development of an integrated system for protecting peas from a complex of pests for the southern forest-steppe of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"337 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE PROCESS OF GRINDING BY CUTTING IN A FEED GRINDER","authors":"Rodion Popoldnev, B. Ziganshin, Aleksey V. Aleshkin, Andrey Dmitriev, Damir Haliullin, I. Gayfullin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-82-88","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the need to reduce energy intensity and loss of nutritional value of feed while simultaneously improving quality indicators during the grinding process. The work was carried out with the aim of theoretical studies of the design and technological parameters of the feed chopper and determining the energy consumption of the grinding process by cutting. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the mathematical models for determining the cutting work and the total drive power of the feed chopper. When carrying out the research, the general scientific principles of the theory of elasticity, the theory of shells, and fracture mechanics were used, and the physical, mechanical and technological properties of feed of plant origin were also taken into account. A device is proposed, the design of which has the following advantages: a uniform supply of material to the cutting zone (to the knives) is ensured due to the working chamber in the form of a truncated cone, which leads to a consistent reduction in the size of the feed to those established by zootechnical requirements and improves its quality; the ability to change the angle of inclination of the rotary counter-cutting knives, which provides adjustment of the intensity of the grinding process; reduction in the energy intensity of grinding due to the free movement of crushed feed into the unloading chamber and the original shape of the tosser blade. Analytical expressions were obtained to determine the cutting work on each row of knives for one knife in a row, the total work of all knives per revolution, as well as the required power for the rotor drive. As a result of the research, it was established that the energy intensity of the grinding process is determined as the sum of the costs of cutting, acceleration of the material and idling of the rotor. The total power required to drive the chopper depends on the number, geometric characteristics of the chopper and counter-cutting knives, the rotor speed, and the properties of the material being crushed.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"13 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIYIVTY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION","authors":"Marat M. Sabitov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-38-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-38-45","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted in 2019-2021. in the Ulyanovsk region in order to study the influence of soil cultivation methods and organomineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring wheat. The soil of the experimental plot is leached, medium-thick, medium-loamy chernozem with a humus content in the 0...30 cm layer of 5.61%, mobile P2O5 and K2O according to Chirikov - 178 and 121 mg/kg, respectively, pHsol. . – 6.3, sum of absorbed bases – 46.4 mEq/100 g. In the experiments, methods of soil cultivation were studied (factor A) – dump to a depth of 23...25 cm; without dumps by 15...16 cm; flat 10…12 cm; organic and mineral fertilizers (factor B) - without fertilizers; N16P16K16 for sowing + N34 for cultivation + N10 for winter wheat straw; manure 20 t/ha; manure 20 t/ha + N16P16K16 for sowing + N34 for cultivation + N10 for winter wheat straw; winter wheat straw; winter wheat straw + H10 + N16P16K16 for sowing + H34 for cultivation; green manure; green manure + H10 + winter wheat straw + H10 + N16P16K16 when sowing + H34 during cultivation. Non-mouldboard and flat-cut processing had an advantage over moldboard processing in terms of moisture reserves in the 0...30 cm layer by 3.8...4.7 mm, in the 0...100 cm layer by 8.6...10.2 mm. mm. The aftereffect of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0...30 cm layer compared to the control by 3.9...18.1 mg/kg under plowing, and by 1.0...13.1 - under plowing. non-mouldboard processing and 4 - for flat-cut processing. ,4…15.1 mg/kg. The yield of spring wheat against the background of manure 20 t/ha + NPK and green manure + NPK with no-moldboard tillage increased by 0.89 and 0.90 t/ha, under plowing - by 0.90 and 0.90, with flat-cut soil - by 0.95 and 0.89 t/ha compared to the option without fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"57 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF THYME (Thymus L.) VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTHERN TRANS-URALS","authors":"Valeriy Gubanov, Mariya Reneva, A. Gubanov, V. Gubanova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-33-38","url":null,"abstract":"Thyme is a food, essential oil and medicinal plant, on the basis of raw materials from which drugs are created that have an astringent, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, soothing and wound healing effect. Thyme essential oil is one of the strongest antioxidants and is used in medicine, perfumery, and the alcoholic beverage industry. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the survival rate and survival of thyme varieties in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals. The objects of research are eight varieties of creeping thyme (Purpurnyi fioletovyi, Mix, Limonchello, Ovoshchnoi, Raduzhnyi, Medok, Purpurnyi kover, Limonnyi) and one variety of early thyme (Creeping Red). The standard variety is Purpurnyi fioletovyi. The work was carried out in 2020-2022 in Tyumen region. Observations and records were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Meteorological conditions during the years of research differed significantly from the long-term average. According to the results of the assessment, out of the presented 9 varieties, the varieties Medok, Purpurnyi kover and Ovoshchnoi showed a higher survival rate. At the first laying in 2020, the survival rate of thyme was 88.4 ... 94.1%. In the second year of life, their survival rate was 40.8 ... 59.6% of the number of accustomed plants, in the third - 81.1 ... 93.1% of the number of overwintered plants. At the second laying in 2021, the survival rate varied from 44.0 to 73.3%. The number of surviving plants in the second year of life ranged from 26.4 to 68.3% of the number of established ones.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREDICTION OF SPRING WHEAT YIELD BY AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN TETYUSHSKIY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN","authors":"Anas Lukmanov, Yuriy Perevedentsev, Aisylu Mustafina, Daynis Zaripov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-39-45","url":null,"abstract":"A sample for half a century from 1970 to 2022 was considered, consisting of 7 components, in which the yield of spring wheat (Uf) performs the desired function, with the content of mobile phosphorus (R2O5), exchangeable potassium (K2O), and the proportion of acidic soils in the soil acting as arguments. arable layer (Dkp), the saturation of the arable layer with mineral (min.) and organic (org.) fertilizers and their sum (NPK) in kg/ha per dry matter within one municipal area. A statistically significant relationship was established between agrochemical properties (K2O, Dkp) and Uf with correlation coefficients (r) -0.48 and 0.39 at α = 0.05. Taking into account the pairwise correlation, a multiple correlation was calculated. For the entire sample (6 factors), r was 0.55, and for 2 factors - 0.53. Based on the parameters of correlation and regression analysis, an equation was developed to predict the yield of spring wheat based on agrochemical properties. This equation can be used to increase the efficiency of fertilizers, prevent soil degradation, optimize land use and increase profits in agriculture.With the maximum values of the actual yield of spring wheat - 0.86-4.59 t / ha, the estimated yield (urash) ranges from 1.44 (1990) to 2.77 (2017) t / ha. The absolute difference between the actual and projected (estimated) yield ranges from 0.02 to 1.97 t/ha. The relative deviation in % ranges from 1.03 (1985) to 161.6% (2010) with average values of 25.5%. Deviations of more than 50% occurred in 1981, 1988, 1998, 1999 and 2010, which were due to the influence of extreme dry years, which indicates the need to expand the sample by agro-climatic factors.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF THE PULL-TYPE SPRAYER BY REDUCING HARVEST LOSS","authors":"Azat Nurmiev, Kamil Khafizov, Kamil Khafizov, Nail Zalakov, Ivan Maksimov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2023-92-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2023-92-101","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out with the aim of optimizing the parameters of the trailed sprayer to reduce the total energy costs during its operation, taking into account possible crop losses. Computational experiments were carried out using a system energy mathematical model of sprayers based on the tractor MTZ-80, 82. The system under consideration includes subsystems - tractor, operator, sprayer, field, soil and crop (TOOPPU). As a criterion for optimizing the parameters of the sprayer, the total energy costs are taken, including, in addition to direct and indirect energy costs, the energy of the crop lost when the parameters of the sprayer are chosen incorrectly. For the accepted operating conditions of the sprayer (field area Fpolya = 60 ha; head length lgona = 0.8 km; travel distance lper = 3 km; strength factor of the field bearing surface Q1=0.9; volume of work Q=1000 ha; crop - spring wheat; number of weeds - 50 pieces/m2; number of tractors employed in the operation Ntrakt = 1 piece; working day Tdnev = 14 hours; planned yield YP = 40 c/ha; application rate of pesticides H3 = 150 l/ha; pump pressure Pnasosa = 3 MPa, air pressure in tires Pw = 0.16 MPa, number of wheels on one side of the axle Zk = 1 piece, coefficient of adhesion of wheels to soil Kscep = 0.6, coefficient of resistance to wheel rolling fperek = 0.1; soil density pz=1300 kg/m3; soil hardness H=1800000 Pa) revealed the presence of a combination of values of six parameters, when the total energy costs reach a minimum. the volume of the tank for pesticides is 5000 l, the width of the sprayer wheel profile is 0.2 m, the coefficient of distribution of the weight of the sprayer on its support wheels is 0.83. When turning the unit within the field, the total energy costs amounted to 4852.9 MJ/ha. With the same values of the optimal parameters of the sprayer, turning the unit outside the field led to a threefold reduction in total energy costs to 1365.4 MJ/ha. Widely used partial performance indicators of sprayers - productivity, fuel consumption per unit of treated area do not allow to identify ways to reduce crop losses.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}