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The impact of uncontrolled hypertension on the CNS. 不受控制的高血压对中枢神经系统的影响。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.017
Aleš Tomek
{"title":"The impact of uncontrolled hypertension on the CNS.","authors":"Aleš Tomek","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.017","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain is a target of organ damage due to hypertension. In addition to acute damage in the form of hypertensive encephalopathy, ischaemic stroke, and intracerebral haemorrhage, hypertension causes chronic changes in the brain tissue that, over the course of years, will be manifested by impaired brain functions including cognitive deficit. Hypertension is also a risk factor for progression of cognitive disorder to overt dementia. It is commonly accepted that the earlier in life hypertension occurs, the greater the risk of developing dementia in old age. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying this effect of hypertension is microvascular damage which causes changes in the brain tissue and brain atrophy. A favourable fact is that the treatment with antihypertensive drugs demonstrably reduces the risk of developing dementia in individuals with hypertension. A more profound preventive effect was found in intensive blood pressure control and in RAAS system inhibitors. Therefore, hypertension has to be controlled since its onset, even in younger patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 2","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9421120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
News in immunology. 免疫学新闻。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.021
Jiřina Bartůňková, Markéta Bloomfield, Magdalena Havlišová, Adam Klocperk, Helena Kubešová, Michal Podrazil, Zuzana Střížová, Anna Šedivá
{"title":"News in immunology.","authors":"Jiřina Bartůňková, Markéta Bloomfield, Magdalena Havlišová, Adam Klocperk, Helena Kubešová, Michal Podrazil, Zuzana Střížová, Anna Šedivá","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.021","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of immunology has undergone a very significant development in recent decades, which has been reflected especially in the beginning of this millennium in significant advances in the understanding of the immune system and in the application of this knowledge in practice. The progress and acceleration of research and advances in the field of immunology was further prompt by the unexpected onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The intense scientific work has not only led to the development of our understanding of the immune response to viruses, but also to the rapid conversion of this knowledge into practical pandemic management on a global scale, as exemplified by the development of vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 virus. The pandemic era has further contributed to the acceleration of the application of not only biological discoveries but also technological approaches into practical applications, such as use of advanced mathematics, computer science and, more recently, artificial intelligence which are all are adding to the advances that are significantly moving the field of immunology forward. In this communication, we present specific advances in particular areas of immunopathology, which are mainly allergy, immunodeficiency, immunity and infection, vaccination, autoimmune diseases and cancer immunology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 2","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9421118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Statement of the Expert Discussion Panel of the 1st Expert Conference on Point‑of‑Care ultrasound. 第一届护理点超声专家会议专家讨论小组声明。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01
Roman Škulec, Martin Balík, Vladimír Černý, David Doležal, David Halata, Zdeněk Monhart, Martin Štěpán
{"title":"Statement of the Expert Discussion Panel of the 1st Expert Conference on Point‑of‑Care ultrasound.","authors":"Roman Škulec, Martin Balík, Vladimír Černý, David Doležal, David Halata, Zdeněk Monhart, Martin Štěpán","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The document summarizes the statement of the expert discussion panel of the 1st Point- of-Care Ultrasonography, which took place on 14 November 2022 in Prague and which led to the foundation of the Czech Multidisciplinary Task Force Group for standards,education and research in Point-of-Care ultrasound (Czech POCUS group).</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 4","pages":"242-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9898891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of eplerenone in the threatment of cardiovascular diseases. 依普利酮在心血管疾病威胁中的作用。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.025
Filip Málek
{"title":"Role of eplerenone in the threatment of cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Filip Málek","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.025","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eplerenone is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Its approved for the therapy of patients with chronic heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and for the patients after myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. It´s also recommended for the therapy of primary hyperaldosteronism and the treatment of drug resistant hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 E-2","pages":"23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perioperative care about a patient with multimorbidity. 对多病症患者的围手术期护理。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.027
Eduard Havel
{"title":"Perioperative care about a patient with multimorbidity.","authors":"Eduard Havel","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.027","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assumption of accelerated postoperative recovery according to the ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) method is good condition of the patient prepared for surgery and gently operated on. Application of ERAS in postoperative care in the situation of patient with multimorbidity requires an individual approach and greater pre-operative preparation. During the healing process, the operation causes a systemic inflammatory reaction in the body, which is proportional to the size of the surgery trauma. There is fluid movement between the intravascular and interstitial spaces, increased protein catabolism, increased susceptibility to infectious complications and increased risk of decompensation of chronic diseases. The mandatory content of the pre-operative examination is a functional cardiopulmonary reserves assessment, nutritional risk screening, update of diagnostic summary and optimization of chronic medication before surgery. Prehabilitation and nutritional preparation before the planned operation is influenced by the time urgency of the operation, but even in the case of cancer, short-term nutritional preparation is indicated., Medical workplaces are the most suitable for parenteral and enteral pre-operative nutrition however some surgical departments perform the preparation themselves if necessary. The GDT (Goal Directed Therapy) regimen with a higher degree of hemodynamic monitoring and intervention is applied in the postoperative care of hemodynamic unstable risk patients. Next to decompensation of a chronic disease is mainly heart rhythm disorders (most often atrial fibrillation), cardiac complications including coronary event, stroke, acute delirium.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 3","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differentiated thyroid cancer - possible risks of treatment, suppressive therapy and adherence to current recommendations. 分化型甲状腺癌症-可能的治疗风险、抑制性治疗和遵守当前建议。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.061
Petra Němčíková, Ludmila Brunerová
{"title":"Differentiated thyroid cancer - possible risks of treatment, suppressive therapy and adherence to current recommendations.","authors":"Petra Němčíková, Ludmila Brunerová","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.061","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is rare and represents 1-2 % of all human tumors. The incidence of TC has been increasing worldwide. TC comprises of a heterogeneous group of tumours with variable biological activity. Women are mostly affected. TC can be divided in differentiated TC/DTCs (papillary - PTC, follicular - FTC, from Hürthle cells - HCC), medullary carcinoma - MTC and anaplastic thyroid cancer - ATC. In this article, we focus on possible pitfalls of suppression therapy (cardiovascular, bone and mental), particularly in low-risk patients, and we discuss the data on the adherence to guidelines for suppression therapy in DTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 5","pages":"312-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41214160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osteomalacia. 骨质软化症。
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.048
Jan Rosa
{"title":"Osteomalacia.","authors":"Jan Rosa","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.048","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteomalacia with characteristic histomorphometric, radiographic, laboratory and clinical features is a prominent syndrome of disturbed bone mineralisation in adulthood. From an etiological point of view, osteomalacia is usually caused by substrate (calcium, phosphate) deficiency, presence of excess mineralization inhibitors or deficiency or ineffectivness of mineralization facilitator (vitamin D). In proportion to the high number of congenital and acquired causes of osteomalacia, its clinical and laboratory picture is heterogeneous and rarely fully expressed. The treatment of a particular case is determined by the cause of osteomalacia and may (but does not necessarily) include correction of the underlying disease, administration of calcium and various forms of vitamin D, as well as orthopaedic interventions. For some of the hereditary forms, biological or replacement therapy is prospectively available. The article attempts to cover the whole range of osteomalacia variants, mentioning a fact discussed only in recent years - the occurrence of oligosymptomatic, incompletely expressed forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 4","pages":"254-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Barakat syndrome. 巴拉卡特综合征
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.036
Beáta Arciniegas Berkešová, Zoltán Borbély
{"title":"Barakat syndrome.","authors":"Beáta Arciniegas Berkešová, Zoltán Borbély","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.036","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barakat syndrome, also known as HDR syndrome, is a clinically heterogenous, autosomal dominant rare genetic disease, which frequency is unknown. It is primarily caused by deletion of chromosome 10p14 or mutation of GATA3 gene, located on chromosome 10. Although this syndrome is phenotypically defined by its triad of HDR: hypoparathyroidism (H), deafness (D), renal disease (R), the literature identifies cases with different components, consisting of HD, DR, HR (1). The syndrome was first described by Amin J. Barakat et al. in 1977 in siblings with hypocalcemia and proteinuria (2). So far, about 180 cases have been reported in the worldwide medical literature (3). In this report we present our own case report of patient with Barakat syndrome with hypoparathyrodism, unilateral deafness and renal impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 E-3","pages":"16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9841912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anemia of inflammatory: does eiderr knowledge mean better diagnosis and treatment? 炎症性贫血：eiderr 知识是否意味着更好的诊断和治疗？
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.023
Jaromír Tupý
{"title":"Anemia of inflammatory: does eiderr knowledge mean better diagnosis and treatment?","authors":"Jaromír Tupý","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.023","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anemia, which is a manifestation of the deterioration of patients' health and performance, is a common concomitant condition in diseases with signs of inflammation activation. This anemia - anemia of inflammation, is caused by disturbances of iron metabolism that lead to iron retention within macrophages, cytokine mediated inhibition of erythropoietin function and erythroid progenitor cell differentiation, and a reduced erytrocyte half-life. Anemia is usually mild to moderate, normocytic and normochromic. It is characterized by low iron circulation, but normal to increased levels of stored ferritin and the hormone hepcidin. The primary therapeutic approach is the treatment of the underlying inflammatory disease. In case of failure, iron supplementation and / or treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents may be used. Blood transfusions are just an emergency treatment for life-threatening anemia. A new treatment modalities with hepcidin-modifying strategies and stabilizers of hypoxia inducible factors is emerging. However, their therapeutic efficacy needs to be verified and evaluated in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 E-2","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
News in cardiology. 心脏病学新闻
Vnitrni lekarstvi Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.008
Jan Václavík
{"title":"News in cardiology.","authors":"Jan Václavík","doi":"10.36290/vnl.2023.008","DOIUrl":"10.36290/vnl.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article summarizes new advances in cardiology published in 2022, which have an impact to everyday practice of not only internists and cardiologists. The administration of polypill to patients after myocardial infarction (SECURE study), early pharmacotherapy of hypertension in pregnant women with blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mmHg (CHAP study), or the administration of dapagliflozin to patients with heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (DELIVER study) have been shown to be effective. Patients with heart failure do not have to limit their sodium intake (SODIUM-HF study), on the contrary, they benefit from up-titration of guideline-recommended drugs to the maximum tolerated doses as quickly as possible (STRONG-HF study). For antihypertensives, it does not matter whether they are taken in the morning or in the evening (TIME study), nor has there been found any difference in the incidence of cardiovascular events with hydrochlorothiazide and chlortalidone (DCP study). In patients with increased cardiovascular risk, highly sensitive troponin should be measured before non-cardiac surgery as well as 24 and 48 hours after surgery to detect perioperative myocardial infarction. Different blood pressure and oxygenation targets in patients after resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest do not affect the outcomes of their treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23501,"journal":{"name":"Vnitrni lekarstvi","volume":"69 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9138528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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