University of Khartoum Engineering Journal最新文献_第6页

A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Used for an Accurate Image Geometric Dimensions Recognition 用于精确图像几何尺寸识别的人工智能算法的比较研究

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.938

Mahmoud Mohamed Hamoud Kaid, Muawia Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Used for an Accurate Image Geometric Dimensions Recognition","authors":"Mahmoud Mohamed Hamoud Kaid, Muawia Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v10i2.938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v10i2.938","url":null,"abstract":"The process of distinguishing objects in digital images and recognizing them is a basic process in AI, in order to distinguish the object and determine its features. It has many uses in various engineering and medical fields. There is a great difficulty in recognizing digital images and distinguishing objects in them. This paper discusses some basic artificial intelligence techniques based on the geometric dimensions of the object in the image in order to recognize these objects and distinguish them from the background of the image. Where there is great difficulty in separating the object from its background, this paper presents the most accurate methods of programmatic application using Matlab environment to identify components in the image, its distinction, and its characteristics. The paper provides a comparison between these AI methods and chooses the most accurate one. AI recognition methods use various algorithms including algorithms based on color density and algorithms that depend on geometric dimensions such as Hue moment algorithms, Haralik features algorithms, and Zernike moment algorithms. In this paper these algorithms were applied to a group of images to extract the features of the object and the best one will be chosen with the aid of Matlab. The most accurate recognition process is chosen through building a digital library that contains many pictures and training the program on these images to recognize and distinguish the object in the image.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"9 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90250528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of Smart College Using Raspberry Pi 基于树莓派的智能学院设计

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.936

Mortada Mohammed Abdulwahab, Hussam Omer, Asaad Omer, O. Ayoub

引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of Pulse Position Modulation Scheme in Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast System 自动依赖监视广播系统中脉冲位置调制方案的性能评价

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.940

Khalid Hassan, Mohamed Abdallah

引用次数: 0

UAV 3D Photogrammetric Mapping & GIS Development Case Study: Khartoum Railway Station 无人机三维摄影测量制图与GIS开发案例研究:喀土穆火车站

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v9i1.947

Ali Y. Ali, Mohammed A. Aldalil, Yasir A. Almukashfi, Gamal H. Seedahmed

{"title":"UAV 3D Photogrammetric Mapping & GIS Development Case Study: Khartoum Railway Station","authors":"Ali Y. Ali, Mohammed A. Aldalil, Yasir A. Almukashfi, Gamal H. Seedahmed","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.947","url":null,"abstract":"Aerial and satellite images are conventionally used as a main data source for image-based geospatial data collection, map production, and updating purposes. However, it can be time consuming and costly to obtain them. Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as suitable technology, which has the potential to provide information with a very high spatial and temporal resolution at a low cost. This paper aims to demonstrate and evaluate the potential of using UAVs for 3D photogrammetric mapping and GIS development as an affordable solution for many developing countries. Part of Khartoum railway station is used as a case study in which 127 images were collected with a DJI Phantom 4 at a flying height of 100 m. RTK-GPS and ground control points are used to improve the absolute accuracy of dereferencing. Two different software, namely, Pix4D and Photo scan are used to generate standard geospatial products such as Digital Surface Model (DSM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and orthophoto covering 0.225 km² with a spatial resolution of 3.61 cm. The final orthophoto with a positional accuracy of 2.4 cm was used to extract features for mapping purposes. General quantitative and qualitative control of the UAV data products and the final outputs were performed, indicating that the obtained accuracies comply with international standards. Moreover, possible problems and further perspectives were also discussed. The obtained results demonstrate that UAVs provide promising opportunities to create high-resolution and highly accurate orthophotos, thus facilitating map creation and updating. In addition, it demonstrates the capability of commercial photogrammetric software packages for automatic 3D reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75830768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On The Effects of Equal Weights on the Derived Parameters From Least Squares Solution 等权对最小二乘解导出参数的影响

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.944

Gamal H. Seedahmed

{"title":"On The Effects of Equal Weights on the Derived Parameters From Least Squares Solution","authors":"Gamal H. Seedahmed","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v10i2.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v10i2.944","url":null,"abstract":"Equal weighting is a general strategy in the least squares solutions to reflect the equal contribution of observations that were obtained, for example, by identical measurement systems or similar measurement procedures or algorithms. This type of weighting can be imposed either implicitly or explicitly. Implicit weighting takes the form of an identity weight matrix while explicit weighting is imposed by a weight matrix of equal and known variance value of the observations. Through theoretical and numerical demonstrations, this paper shows that equal weights do not affect the estimated parameters and the residuals in the least squares solution. Moreover, for a relatively large set of observations, the estimated variance component converges to the variance of the original observations in the case of the implicit weighting; and it converges to a value that is very close to one in the case of explicit weighting. In addition, the posterior variance-covariance or dispersion matrices in the implicit and explicit cases are very close to each other after the adjustment. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate numerical values of random noise from a normal distribution. This random noise was added to the coordinates of a straight-line for practical evaluation of the proposed arguments.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82867614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Vertical Handover Prediction Method for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks 异构无线网络垂直切换预测新方法

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.942

Safa Abd ELWahab M. Ibrahim, Mohammad Ali H. Abbas

{"title":"A New Vertical Handover Prediction Method for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks","authors":"Safa Abd ELWahab M. Ibrahim, Mohammad Ali H. Abbas","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v10i2.942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v10i2.942","url":null,"abstract":"Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the fourth generation (4G) cellular network technology that provides improved performance that related to data rate, coverage and capacity compared to earlier cellular systems. The addition of many small cells in a heterogeneous network configuration provides a means to enhance capacity through extreme frequency reuse. The heterogeneous environment of different network technologies can provide high data rate and enhance multimedia services, but it is challenging to provide optimized handover (HO). In this paper, a new method is proposed to select the optimal network from available networks to which a UE may be handed over to achieve better QoS performance. The aggregation of multiple criteria for calculation of overall ranking of networks is obtained by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1] and is combined with the history of previously visited cells and regression analysis of the Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 3 (L3) filtered Received Signal Strength (RSS) data for prediction of future values. The AHP is used to calculate the weights for the system attributes and to rank the available networks based on multiple criteria Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM). The sequence of visited cells is used in target network selection as it reduces frequent handover. The sequence of visited cells would be modeled as a Markov Chain. To assess RSS, beside L1, L3 filtering RSS prediction and smoothing is used to predict future signal samples to hasten the process of HO. RSS forecasting is used to predict handover necessity so as to reduce the handover delay. The results show that the number of handovers is reduced by up to 50% compared to the conventional AHP. The results also show that the threshold crossing rate and average duration of fades are reduced by 47% compared with the AHP. Handover delay is also reduced by up to 40 ms due to RSS forecasting.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91363029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Physicochemical Study of Cost-Effective Liquid Desiccants for Use in an air conditioning systems 用于空调系统的高性价比液体干燥剂的理化研究

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.941

Salim Obeid, Yousef Al Horr, A. Hakki, Kamal Nasreldin Abdalla

{"title":"A Physicochemical Study of Cost-Effective Liquid Desiccants for Use in an air conditioning systems","authors":"Salim Obeid, Yousef Al Horr, A. Hakki, Kamal Nasreldin Abdalla","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v10i2.941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v10i2.941","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid desiccant systems (LDS) have attracted attention as promising low-energy alternative cooling solutions relative to conventional systems. An integral part of the LDS dehumidification capability depends on the composition of the hygroscopic desiccants utilized. The vapour pressure of different hygroscopic salt solutions and mixtures thereof have been measured at a temperature of 298.15K using a Yamamoto configuration. The initial validation of the measurement configuration using a single salt solution has exhibited a satisfactory correlation with vapour pressures reported by previous authors at various concentrations. The performance of MgCl2 solution was found to be comparable to that of LiCl. The results have shown that MgCl2 solution with 30% w/v concentration is sufficient to maintain the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) at 50%, the recommended value for the human comfort zone, a value close to that obtained from LiCl solution (ERH = 55%) with the same concentration. Moreover, the best performing salt solution mixtures were found to be magnesium and lithium chlorides. Considering that the cost of LiCl is 23 times higher than that of MgCl2, the potential replacement of LiCl with MgCl2 in LDS is very promising from both a performance and cost point of view. The concentrated seawater brines have also shown a very promising performance comparable with that of 50% CaCl2– 50% MgCl2 artificial mixture.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89200341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Manufacturing of a Low Cost 3 Axis CNC Router Machine 低成本三轴数控刨床的设计与制造

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v9i1.945

Mudawi I Adam, Amr Elhussein, Awab Khogali

引用次数: 0

Nomograph for Predicting Swelling Potential of Expansive Subgrade Soil 预测膨胀路基土膨胀势的Nomograph

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v10i2.939

Omer S. M. Hamza, Magdi M. E. Zumrawi, Awad E. M. Mohamed

{"title":"Nomograph for Predicting Swelling Potential of Expansive Subgrade Soil","authors":"Omer S. M. Hamza, Magdi M. E. Zumrawi, Awad E. M. Mohamed","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v10i2.939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v10i2.939","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates empirical correlation between expansive soil index properties and soil swelling. The paper uses the concept of Nomographs to develop one for prediction of soil swelling. Disturbed soil samples from different regions in Sudan were collected to represent the most challenging soils in the country. The samples were collected from Al-Qadarif (S1), Wad Medani (S2) and Al-Giraif East in Khartoum (S3). The basic properties of the soil samples were thoroughly measured. The three soils gave high swelling potential and high plasticity. The X-ray diffraction test results showed that S1 has the highest montmorillonite than the other two soils. Therefore S1 is considered as the most expansive soil compared with the other soils. The consistency factor which was developed can be used to correlate the basic properties of the soil with the soil swelling. The consistency factor is a combination of the moisture content, dry density, void ratio, liquid limit and plasticity index. These parameters are combined in a way reflecting the influence of each of them on the soil property. The swelling properties were measured for the soil samples compacted at different moisture content and different dry densities. Very good linear relationships were developed between the swelling properties and the consistency factor. The correlations developed were verified by using data reported by some previous researchers. Using the relationships developed in this study, Nomograph was designed so as to make easy to predict swelling potential.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89954984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Simulation of Water-Gas Shift Reactors with and without Membrane 有膜和无膜水煤气转换反应器的建模与仿真

University of Khartoum Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.53332/kuej.v9i1.946

Wesam A. Abbas, Kamil M.Wagiallah, Fathelrahman A. Elsheikh

{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of Water-Gas Shift Reactors with and without Membrane","authors":"Wesam A. Abbas, Kamil M.Wagiallah, Fathelrahman A. Elsheikh","doi":"10.53332/kuej.v9i1.946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v9i1.946","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to investigate the usage of membrane reactor technology in the water-gas shift reaction. Furthermore an assessment of the optimum parameters for the maximum conversion of carbon monoxide was carried out. The water-gas shift reaction is a well-known step for upgrading carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the production of purified Hydrogen gas. More recently, a renewed interest in the water-gas reaction carried out in hydrogen selective membrane reactors has been observed, because of the growing use of polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cells, that operate using high-purity hydrogen. Membrane reactors are viewed as an interesting technology in order to overcome the equilibrium conversion limitations in non-membrane reactors. Firstly, the modelling and simulation of the reactor without membrane was carried out, and the obtained results were validated against the experimental published results, then the membrane reactor was simulated by employing a Hydrogen-selective Palladium membrane. A one dimensional steady state model was developed; mass and heat balances were solved simultaneously using MATLAB software. It was found that the conversion of carbon monoxide reaches a maximum of 29% for the non-membrane reactor and 90% for the membrane reactor, which represents an improvement of 210%. It was found that the optimum operating condition for membrane reactor were temperatures of 740 K, pressure of 10 atm and a reactor length of 115 cm.","PeriodicalId":23461,"journal":{"name":"University of Khartoum Engineering Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84734831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0