Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki最新文献

{"title":"Thermally Stimulated and Dynamic Effects in Identification and Study of Carbon Materials by Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"S. Isaenko, T. Shumilova","doi":"10.26907/2542-064X.2021.1.72-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064X.2021.1.72-87","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the aspects of studying micron-sized carbon material substances using Raman spectroscopy with laser excitation were discussed. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the positions of diagnostic lines in the Raman spectra of carbon materials are significantly affected as the analyzed sample region is heated during the process of spectra recording, thereby resulting in a shift of the diagnostic lines and bands, up to the burnout of the analyzed particle region or to the complete combustion of the sample. To assess the influence of the laser radiation power on the position of diagnostic lines in the Raman spectra of carbon materials, we studied the position of the lines depending on the laser power and sample size of both natural and man-made carbon phases of various structures: highly crystalline graphite, glassy carbon, cubic monocrystalline diamond, hexagonal monocrystalline diamond (lonsdaleite), and ultrananocrystalline diamond. The study was performed by Raman spectroscopy with the use of a high-resolution LabRam HR800 microspectrometer (Horiba, Jobin Yvon). For mono-, nano-, and ultrananocrystalline diamonds, a number of examples were provided to demonstrate that the exciting laser power during Raman spectroscopy measurements of carbon materials must be especially carefully monitored in particles of 10 μm or less in size. For highly crystalline graphite particles, the laser power must be controlled in samples smaller than 4 μm in size. When the Raman spectra were registered during the controlled laser heating, it was found that the samples of a black carbon vari-ety between coal and diamond (described as togorite by V.A. Yezersky V.A. (1986)) had intergrowths of diamond and glassy carbon, a diamond core with a glass-like carbon shell. The results obtained show that the controlled use of the thermal effect of laser radiation can be helpful in identification of the detailed spectroscopic characteristics that occur during the intensive heating of samples, as well as in recovering mineral individuals from aggregates.","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86724713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Channel Network of the Keltma Hollow (Kama-Vychegda Watershed)","authors":"N. Nazarov","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.2.274-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.2.274-288","url":null,"abstract":"The bottom relief of the Keltma hollow (ancient river valley), which connects the modern basins of the Vychegda River and Kama River, was studied. For this purpose, traces of the Late Pleistocene overflow of water from the dammed glacial lake of the Vychegda River depression into the Kama River basin were analyzed using the factual materials on the southern (Kama) territory of the Keltma hollow. The ongoing discussion about the timing of this event fuels the interest in this problem: some paleogeographers believe that the last overflow took place at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene (Kalin time), while others date it to the end of the Late Pleistocene (Ostashkov time). Historically, supporters of both these versions investigated the bottom of the dammed lake (Vychegda River basin). With the help of the satellite images, the Vychegda depression deposits were analyzed and dated. The remote sensing of the Earth’s surface within the raised bogs and the alluvial-lake terrace showed traces of the ancient channel forms, occasionally not related to the Pre-Holocene rivers. Some of the ancient channel forms are traces of the overflow of water across the watershed rapids. Acknowledgments .","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74683967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permian Ammonoids: Results and Prospects of Research in Russia and Other Post-Soviet States","authors":"T. Leonova","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.3.325-337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.3.325-337","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to introduce the history of Russian and Soviet study of Permian ammonoids, from the middle of the 19th century to the present, to a wider audience of geologists, and particularly to a younger generation of students and researchers. Permian ammonoids played the leading role in the substantiation of all stages of the lower series of the Permian (Cisuralian). The Artinskian Stage was first","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74523997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of the Terrigenous and Volcanic Ash Material in the Middle Volgian Deposits of the Eastern Russian Platform","authors":"K. I. Nikashin, S. Zorina","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.3.500-513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.3.500-513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73177653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Felling Outturn Assessment Using Earth Remote Sensing Data","authors":"A. Starovoytov, A. Fattakhov, E. A. Yachmeneva, M. Khamiev, D. Kisler, V. Kosarev, D. Nurgaliev","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.4.591-602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.4.591-602","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic exploration often demands forest clearing, thus making it important to assess the number of trees that must be cut down as the fieldwork proceeds. We suggest that remote sensing of the Earth’s surface with unmanned aircraft vehicles can be con-sidered as a new approach to solving this problem. To test its validity and potential utility, we installed a laser scanning system and a high-resolution camera on the unmanned aircraft vehicle. The data obtained were used to derive the digital terrain and elevation models of the area under study. The resulting models were processed with the help of a neural network developed as part of this work. They proved to be useful in identifying trees and their classes within the forest sites subjected to clearing. Additionally, a special algorithm was proposed and applied to assess the felling outturn for each tree class taken separately.","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84678342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors of Adventivization of Roadside Plant Communities in the South of the Russian Black Sea Region","authors":"V. Chadaeva, R. Pshegusov","doi":"10.26907/2542-064X.2021.1.115-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064X.2021.1.115-136","url":null,"abstract":"Roadside plant communities in the south of the Russian Black Sea region are characterized by relatively high adventivization and low invasibility. In these communities, the adventivization has been rapidly progressing due to the high abundance and competitiveness of invasive species in the region. The total projective cover of codominant species (from invasive species) is also important: an increase in the value of this parameter reduces the levels of adventivization and invasibility. On the Black Sea coast, the highest concentration of roadside plant communities with relatively more competitive invasive species is observed between the Mzymta and Shakhe Rivers, i.e., under the conditions of moderately humid subtropical climate. From the coast to the mountains, the communities with invasive species occur along the flat river valleys (Terrain Ruggedness Index with the probability of finding these communities exceeds 50%).","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"95 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89502636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Nature of a Large Anticlinal Fold in the Upper Kama Salt Deposit, Its Geomechanical and Gas-Geochemical Zonality","authors":"I. Chaikovskiy, O. Ivanov, I. L. Pan’kov, E. Chirkova","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.3.490-499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.3.490-499","url":null,"abstract":"Large (more than 10 m in height) folds complicate the longwall mining of potash salts and are accompanied with the formation of foci of gas-dynamic phenomena. In this study, to identify the folding nature, changes in the physical properties of its rocks, and the distribution of gases, we analyzed the structural plan of the mined formation, performed structural geological observations, determined the amount and composition of associated gases, and identified the deformation parameters of salts. It was found that a separate flexure-like fold with a height of more than 30 m developed at the intersection of two fold systems of the salt stratum. During the formation of this dislocation, the sylvinite layer underwent folding catagenesis, which led to the boudinage and the appearance of a directive texture, the intensity of which decreases with the distance from the fold. In terms of the geomechanics, the following two zones were formed: near, slightly weakened rocks with subzones of stiffer (about 0 m) and more plastic (about 58 m) rocks, as well as distant, heavily weakened rocks with subzones of more viscous and less elastic (about 131 m) rocks and less viscous and more elastic (about 241 m) rocks. Their formation, along with the flattening of grains, can be associated with the squeezing and spatial redistribution of gas-liquid inclusions. In the process of gas-phase diffusion, zonality in the distribution of gases was observed (methane and its homologues → nitrogen → carbon dioxide). It turned out to be consistent with their migration ability. The high value of the C 2 H 6 / i -C 4 H 10 index suggests that a part of the hydrocarbon gases could have been generated in situ from the organic matter of salts during the fold catagenesis. It was established that the zone of influence of a 30-m fold is 380–500 m, which makes it possible to predict the formation of free gases foci in this interval and the adoption of appropriate protection measures.","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"1994 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Morphology and Ecology of the Arctic Pogonophore Nereilinum murmanicum Ivanov, 1961 (Siboglinidae, Annelida)","authors":"M. Kanafina, R. Gabidullina, N. Rimskaya-Korsakova, D. Zakharov, R. Sabirov, A. Golikov","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.4.655-672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.4.655-672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kazakhstanosaurus efimovi Yakupova et Akhmedenov sp. nov. (Ichthyosauria, Undorosauridae), a New Species from the Upper Jurassic Deposits of the Middle Volga Region","authors":"D. Yakupova, K. Akhmedenov","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.2.251-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.2.251-263","url":null,"abstract":"The skeleton fragments of a new ichthyosaur species, Kazakhstanosaurus efimovi Yakupova et Akhmedenov sp. nov., from the Middle Volgian substage of the Upper Jurassic of the Middle Volga region (Ulyanovsk region, Gorodishche section) are described. The species is assigned to the genus Kazakhstanosaurus V. Efimov Akhmedenov et Yakupova, 2019 (fam. Undorosauridae), which has been recently described from the same-age deposits of Kazakhstan. The new species is diagnosed by the following characters: the subquadrate shape of the trunk vertebrae; the structure of the shoulder girdle and forelimbs, which have a two-facet distal end of the humerus and a weak articulation of the first finger; an increased size of all parts of the skeleton; the costal facets positioned on the sides of the end of the ribs; the connection of the costal facets with a bone crest. The facets of the ribs are connected by a bony ridge. The discovery of Kazakhstanosaurus efimovi confirms the connection of the Russian Sea during the Late Jurassic with the warm waters of the Tethys Ocean. Probably, the progenitors of undorosaurids descended from the Triassic and Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs that lived in the tropical regions of the eastern part of the Tethys Ocean. In the Late Jurassic, these ichthyosaurs migrated to the territory of modern Kazakhstan and Eastern Europe, settled in the shallow Russian Sea, and gave rise to representatives of the families Undorosauridae and Platypterygius.","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75548085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Regional Response of the Atmosphere to Volcanic Eruptions","authors":"E. A. Polyanskaya, S. Morozova, N. V. Korotkova","doi":"10.26907/2542-064x.2021.4.643-654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2021.4.643-654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23418,"journal":{"name":"Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}