Tropical Science最新文献

The biology, ecology and economic importance of the pink scavenger caterpillar Pyroderces rileyi (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) on banana in Jamaica 牙买加香蕉粉红食腐毛虫的生物学、生态学和经济意义

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.217

E. Garraway, Dc Henry, B. Critchley

引用次数: 0

Soil respiration curves as soil fertility indicators in perennial central Amazonian plantations treated with charcoal, and mineral or organic fertilisers 土壤呼吸曲线作为多年生亚马孙河中部人工林的土壤肥力指标，分别施用木炭、矿物或有机肥

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.216

C. Steiner, Murilo Rodrigues de Arruda, W. Teixeira, W. Zech

{"title":"Soil respiration curves as soil fertility indicators in perennial central Amazonian plantations treated with charcoal, and mineral or organic fertilisers","authors":"C. Steiner, Murilo Rodrigues de Arruda, W. Teixeira, W. Zech","doi":"10.1002/TS.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TS.216","url":null,"abstract":"We assessed substrate-induced respiration and soil chemical properties in order to study the influence of charcoal, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation on two different perennial crops in a confounded factorial design on a highly weathered Amazonian upland soil. Each plantation tested three different factors in three different levels making up 27 (33) treatment combinations. Whereas the banana plantation received mineral fertilisation in addition to charcoal applications (3rd factor), the guarana (Paullinia cupana) plantation was fertilised organically using chicken manure and bone meal as the corresponding factors. Charcoal increased pH, total nitrogen, availability of sodium, zinc, manganese, copper and soil humidity, and decreased aluminium availability and acidity in the mineral-fertilised plantation only. This caused a significant increase in basal respiration and microbial efficiency in terms of carbon dioxide release per microbial carbon in the soil. The microbial biomass, efficiency and population growth after substrate addition was significantly increased with increasing levels of organic fertiliser amendments. We conclude that charcoal is a valuable component especially in inorganic-fertilised agricultural systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","PeriodicalId":23388,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78239076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

Diagnosis, occurrence and seed transmission studies of viruses infecting four Centrosema species in Nigeria 尼日利亚四种中心花蝇病毒的诊断、发生和种子传播研究

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.218

O. Odedara, J. Hughes, E. Ayo-John

{"title":"Diagnosis, occurrence and seed transmission studies of viruses infecting four Centrosema species in Nigeria","authors":"O. Odedara, J. Hughes, E. Ayo-John","doi":"10.1002/TS.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TS.218","url":null,"abstract":"In a survey to detect viruses affecting Centrosema species in two agroecological zones in Nigeria (the derived and northern guinea savanna zones: DSZ and NGSZ), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of leaf samples of four species (C. brasilianum, C. pascuorum, C. pubescens and C. macrocarpum) revealed infections of two Potyviruses – Bean common mosaic virus and Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus – and three Comoviruses – Cowpea mosaic virus, Cowpea severe mosaic virus and Bean pod mottle virus. Other viruses detected included: a Carmovirus, Cowpea mottle virus; a Cucumovirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV); a Sobemovirus, Southern bean mosaic virus; and a Tobamovirus known as Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). While no viruses were detected in leaf samples of C. brasilianum and C. pubescens collected from NGSZ, leaf samples of the same species collected from DSZ were highly infected, with the former being infected with seven viruses and the latter with all nine viruses tested for. Seed transmission studies of these viruses in Centrosema species showed CMV to be the most frequently detected, followed by TMV, and four different viruses were found in seeds of C. brasilianum in DSZ. The paper discusses the implications of these results for cropping of Centrosema legumes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","PeriodicalId":23388,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85986374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of three botanical sources of ω‐3 fatty acid planted in the Yungas ecosystem of tropical Argentina 阿根廷热带Yungas生态系统中三种植物源ω - 3脂肪酸的种子产量、含油量和脂肪酸组成

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.211

R. Ayerza, W. Coates

引用次数: 15

Green‐maize potential of hybrid and open‐pollinated cultivars at varying levels of applied nitrogen: relationship with grain yield 不同施氮水平下杂交和开放授粉品种绿玉米潜力:与籽粒产量的关系

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.208

SK Kim, V. Adetimirin, S. Yoon, M. Adepoju, B. Gbadamosi

{"title":"Green‐maize potential of hybrid and open‐pollinated cultivars at varying levels of applied nitrogen: relationship with grain yield","authors":"SK Kim, V. Adetimirin, S. Yoon, M. Adepoju, B. Gbadamosi","doi":"10.1002/TS.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TS.208","url":null,"abstract":"Two sets (white- and yellow-kernelled) of six cultivars of field-maize, each comprising three hybrids and three open-pollinated (OP) varieties, were evaluated for green-maize productivity under three levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0, 60 and 120 kg ha−1) at two locations in southwestern Nigeria. The relationship between green-maize and grain yield was also investigated. Numbers of marketable ears and marketable-ear yield were significantly correlated. Green-maize traits and grain yields showed different responses to increased nitrogen fertiliser application: grain yield was significantly greater at 120 kg ha−1 than at 60 kg ha−1 whereas marketable-ear yield was not significantly changed by the higher rate. The hybrids showed higher green-maize and grain yield responses than the OPs to fertiliser application. At 60 kg ha−1 nitrogen application, marketable-ear yield averaged 0.620 kg m−2 and 0.567 kg m−2 for white hybrids and OPs, respectively, and 0.576 kg m−2 and 0.439 kg m−2 for yellow hybrids and OPs. Marketable-ear yield was significantly correlated with grain yield for both the white and yellow cultivars. Regressions of grain yield on marketable-ear yield were significant and such regression equations can thus be used to estimate marketable-ear yield potential from grain yield data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","PeriodicalId":23388,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82688856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Changes in the thiamine and riboflavin contents of rice during artisanal parboiling in Ghana 加纳手工煮米过程中大米中硫胺素和核黄素含量的变化

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.215

JT Manful, A. Swetman, R. Coker, A. Drunis

{"title":"Changes in the thiamine and riboflavin contents of rice during artisanal parboiling in Ghana","authors":"JT Manful, A. Swetman, R. Coker, A. Drunis","doi":"10.1002/TS.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TS.215","url":null,"abstract":"Rice samples mildly parboiled at various combinations of soaking temperatures and steaming times were analysed for their thiamine and riboflavin contents. The relative parboiling index was calculated and this provided a reliable measure of the overall effects of different conditions on the degree of parboiling. The thiamine content of parboiled rice samples increased gradually as parboiling intensity was increased from initial soaking temperature at 30°C and steaming for 4 min to soaking at 70°C and steaming for 12 min. There was a sharper rise in thiamine when the soaking temperature was increased to 90°C, and the sample that was steamed for 12 min after soaking at 90°C had a thiamine content of 0.612 µg g−1. The level of riboflavin also initially increased with parboiling, but it peaked at 0.278 µg g−1 in the sample that was soaked at 70°C and steamed for 12 min, and then decreased as parboiling intensity was increased further. The commercially parboiled rice sample had a riboflavin content of 0.206 µg g−1. This pattern of change in riboflavin levels with parboiling was probably due to thermal breakdown of the vitamin at higher soaking temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","PeriodicalId":23388,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90246465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

On-farm evaluation of methods for storing fresh sweet potato roots in East Africa 东非储存新鲜甘薯根方法的农场评价

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.214

K. Tomlins, G. Ndunguru, F. Kimenya, T. Ngendello, E. Rwiza, R. Amour, Q. V. Oirschot, A. Westby

{"title":"On-farm evaluation of methods for storing fresh sweet potato roots in East Africa","authors":"K. Tomlins, G. Ndunguru, F. Kimenya, T. Ngendello, E. Rwiza, R. Amour, Q. V. Oirschot, A. Westby","doi":"10.1002/TS.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TS.214","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for sweet potato storage, previously developed at a research station, were tested on-farm by subsistence farmers in Lake Zone, Tanzania. On-farm testing confirmed that the methods were suitable but indicated that practical and simple improvements were necessary, without which losses in the proportion of market-quality roots from the store could be as high as 79%. These practical improvements were mainly concerned with the position of stores on the farms. The addition of a new step, dehaulming, improved the recovery of market-quality roots by 48%. However, although the storage methods were developed in order to improve farmer income, most farmers said they would use the stored roots as a subsistence staple for household food security. Variations among the farmers in their attitudes to storing sweet potato suggest that, when transferring methods from the research station to the farm, it is necessary to target those most able to adopt the approach. Additionally, the farmers considered that local market traders may not be keen to sell stored roots. Therefore, other actors in the value chain, such as market traders and consumers, ought to be included in the process of transferring methods from the research station to the farm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","PeriodicalId":23388,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76822598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Effect of roasting time and storage time on sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of peanut butters in southern Africa 烘焙时间和储存时间对南部非洲花生酱感官属性和消费者接受度的影响

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.210

K. Tomlins, T. Rukuni, A. Mutungamiri, Sheila Mandeya, A. Swetman

引用次数: 11

Nutritive value of different varieties and morphological fractions of oats harvested at the soft dough stage 不同品种及软面团期燕麦形态组分的营养价值

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.213

Fekede Feyissa, A. Tolera, S. Melaku

{"title":"Nutritive value of different varieties and morphological fractions of oats harvested at the soft dough stage","authors":"Fekede Feyissa, A. Tolera, S. Melaku","doi":"10.1002/TS.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/TS.213","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were measured in whole forage and morphological fractions of 20 varieties of oats (Avena sativa) harvested at the soft dough stage. Among the varieties, crude protein (CP) varied from 48 to 76 g kg−1 dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) from 586 to 683 g kg−1 DM, acid detergent fibre (ADF) from 370 to 482 g kg−1 DM and lignin from 54 to 83 g kg−1 DM. The IVOMD of the whole forage ranged from 43 to 62%. Among the morphological fractions, leaf blades had the highest CP content and IVOMD, whereas the fibre constituents (NDF, ADF and lignin) were highest in the stems. The results revealed considerable variation in chemical composition and IVOMD among the oat varieties and morphological fractions. This implies that there are opportunities for improving forage production and quality from oats through appropriate exploitation of varietal differences. However, manipulation of management practices (such as choice of harvesting stage, use of mixed cropping with compatible legumes and fertiliser application) may still be needed for further improvement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","PeriodicalId":23388,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83436751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Agronomic and nutritional characteristics of fourteen Ghanaian groundnut varieties 14个加纳花生品种的农艺和营养特性

Tropical Science Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/TS.209

A. Frimpong, P. N. Johnson, E. Baidoo

引用次数: 1