Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies最新文献_第3页

East Asian Strategies for Combating Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of Redistributive Fiscal Policy Efforts in China and Korea 东亚对抗收入不平等的策略:中国和韩国再分配财政政策努力的比较分析

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2020-09-13 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2020-0004

Katharina Menz

{"title":"East Asian Strategies for Combating Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of Redistributive Fiscal Policy Efforts in China and Korea","authors":"Katharina Menz","doi":"10.2478/vjeas-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both China and Korea face different stages of national income inequality as well as distinctive structures in their income distribution. However, not only do levels and structures of income inequality differ in China and Korea, but their measures to tackle income inequality inherently differ. This article investigates how the Chinese and Korean governments respond to income inequality in their countries by analysing fiscal policy on both the expenditure and taxation fronts. The findings show that both China and Korea have increased their redistributive efforts in the recent past; however, Korea’s commitment to tackling income inequality is stronger than that of China. Moreover, this article finds evidence for distinctive strategies for reducing income inequality in China and Korea. Responding to large income disparities at the bottom of the income distribution spectrum, the Chinese government tackles income inequality by supporting low income earners and reducing the tax burden for low income brackets. In contrast, given Korean income inequality can be largely explained by relatively large top income shares, the redistributive policy incorporates newly introduced social benefits excluding top income earners as well as income taxes aimed at the top of the income spectrum.","PeriodicalId":233452,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125239650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Discourse Analysis of Recent Mainland Chinese Historiography on the Sinocentric Tributary System of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1912) 近代中国大陆史学对以中国为中心的明清朝贡体系的话语分析(1368-1912)

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2020-09-13 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2020-0006

Sebestyén Hompot

{"title":"A Discourse Analysis of Recent Mainland Chinese Historiography on the Sinocentric Tributary System of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1912)","authors":"Sebestyén Hompot","doi":"10.2478/vjeas-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article investigates the recent (2000–2019) mainland Chinese historiography on the Sinocentric tributary system of the Míng and Qīng periods (1368–1912). The theoretical approach of the article is based on Foucauldian discourse theory, as well as Chinese theoretical scholarship on the evolution of Chinese thought. Its methodology is primarily based on Reiner Keller’s sociological discourse research method. The main body of the article is structured upon the major fields of argumentation of the discourse, identified by the author as “the validity of the term ‘tributary system,’” “the tributary system and pre-modern Chinese culture,” “the tributary system and Míng-Qīng Chinese socio-economic history,” and “the tributary system and the regional political order.” The article argues that the ‘discursive struggle’ in recent historiography on the tributary system is primarily a result of its contested interpretation and evaluation under current dominant framings of an ideal international order—one centred around the principles of national sovereignty and “win-win” economic cooperation.","PeriodicalId":233452,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133582155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Internal Migration in Sustaining Rural Communities in Japan: The Case of Aso City in Kumamoto 国内移民在维持日本农村社区中的作用:以熊本的麻生市为例

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2020-09-13 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2020-0001

Antonia Miserka

{"title":"The Role of Internal Migration in Sustaining Rural Communities in Japan: The Case of Aso City in Kumamoto","authors":"Antonia Miserka","doi":"10.2478/vjeas-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The shrinking of Japan’s rural areas, caused partly by continuous out-migration of younger people to the major cities, is an amply discussed topic in Japanese society and popular media. Even though a certain trend of counter-urbanisation exists despite larger depopulation patterns, many of these migrants do not stay permanently and therefore cannot contribute to sustaining rural areas in the long term. Previous studies argue that considering each community’s characteristics is important in order to find possible ways to sustain rural areas and attract new residents. Therefore, this study focuses on the case of Aso City, aiming to clarify the criteria that makes migration to Aso City appealing or unappealing, and to identify the factors responsible for enabling (or complicating) the act of permanently settling there. In order to do so, the author conducted a survey in Aso City using semi-structured interviews. While the beauty of the natural surroundings, quality of life, and social connectedness are the main positive qualities of Aso City, its infrastructure, demographic development, and economic situation are assessed more negatively by its residents. Further, this study shows that the better a person’s local social connections upon arrival, the more likely they are to find a place to live and work, and stay on a long-term basis. In order to attract new residents to rural areas and support their permanent settlement, it is important to help them obtain the resources necessary for settling and assist their transition into the social structure of the community.","PeriodicalId":233452,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Speaking to My Ancestors: An Ethnographic Study of Lived Childhood Religion in Rural Gansu 对我的祖先说:甘肃农村儿童生活宗教的民族志研究

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2020-09-13 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2020-0007

Joseph Chadwin

引用次数: 2

East Asian Technical Cooperation Initiatives in Central America: A Comparative Analysis of Japan and South Korea in Guatemala 中美洲的东亚技术合作倡议:日本和韩国在危地马拉的比较分析

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0004

D. A. Stelzer

{"title":"East Asian Technical Cooperation Initiatives in Central America: A Comparative Analysis of Japan and South Korea in Guatemala","authors":"D. A. Stelzer","doi":"10.2478/vjeas-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article describes the similarities and differences of Japanese and South Korean technical cooperation approaches in Guatemala. The literature review illustrates the transition from an initially donor-centric results chain approach towards one that is increasingly recipient-balanced due to new cooperation principles such as horizontality and demand-drivenness. Such approaches are mainly fostered by the rise of new emerging donors on the international development cooperation horizon, such as the advocates of South-South Development Cooperation (SSDC). An analysis based on a framework by the Network of Southern Think Tanks (NeST) concludes that Japanese and Korean technical cooperation approaches are markedly similar, most notably in regard to officially proclaimed technical cooperation standards and commitments. Differences result from the degree of related implementation: Japan achieves higher results based on relative deficiencies in reporting by Korea as well as comparatively shorter bilateral Korean-Guatemalan relations. Similarities are fostered by analogous institutional and project related structures, stemming from an argued learning and simulation approach by Korea from the long-standing experiences of Japan. Lastly, it is argued that the growing assimilation of the traditional and the SSDC concept, as well as the increasing engagement of both countries in triangular cooperation contribute to the identified similarities.","PeriodicalId":233452,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115341020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discourses of “Herbivore Masculinity” in Japanese Love Advice Books 日本爱情建议书中的“草食男性”话语

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0005

Michaela Luschmann

{"title":"Discourses of “Herbivore Masculinity” in Japanese Love Advice Books","authors":"Michaela Luschmann","doi":"10.2478/vjeas-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the last decade, discourses of non-conforming masculinities have become increasingly prominent in Japanese mass media. In particular, the so-called “herbivore men” have been made infamous by Japanese newspapers and were accused of being responsible for sinking birth rates and economic stagnation in Japan (Schad-Seifert 2016). In this article, I explore the discourse on the “herbivore men” in Japanese love advice books which are meant to guide and inform the (female) reader’s assessment of potential romantic partners. Utilising Siegfried Jäger’s methodological approach (2015), this discursive analysis focuses on the line of discourse that implicitly criticises the “herbivore men” and rejects their turn away from hegemonic images of masculinity. The analysis yields that the “herbivore man” is constructed as an ‘unnatural’ form of masculinity in these publications, which allegedly causes women to become sexually active and career-driven “carnivores.” Japanese women’s empowerment from hegemonic gender ideals is thereby misrepresented as a symptom of psychological distress due to changing masculinities. By perpetuating ideas of biological determinism linked to the backlash against the “gender-free” movement in the early 2000s, this line of discourse propagates problematic relations of gender and power in Japanese society.","PeriodicalId":233452,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124067994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Origins of the Japanese Language 论日语的起源

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0008

P. Elmer

引用次数: 0

The Philippines and Vietnam’s Responses to the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s Final Award on the Arbitration Case Initiated by the Philippines Against China over the South China Sea (July 2016) 菲律宾和越南对常设仲裁法院就菲律宾诉中国南海仲裁案作出最终裁决的回应(2016年7月)

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0006

Nguyen Huong Thach Thao

{"title":"The Philippines and Vietnam’s Responses to the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s Final Award on the Arbitration Case Initiated by the Philippines Against China over the South China Sea (July 2016)","authors":"Nguyen Huong Thach Thao","doi":"10.2478/vjeas-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In July 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) issued its final award on the South China Sea dispute between the Philippines and China that caught the attention of the international community. Since this was the first time that a claimant in the South China Sea had ever referred the case to an international juridical body in an effort to settle the dispute, the responses of both claimant and non-claimant stakeholders were awaited. Realising the relevance of the issue, I conduct a comparative study of the responses to the PCA’s final award to two major claimants with similar positions on the South China Sea—the Philippines and Vietnam. The main aim of this study is to indicate the similarities and/or differences in the way these two states responded to the final decisions of the PCA. The study finds that even though both the Philippines and Vietnam reacted to the award in a similar manner, the motives behind their responses were different. In general, the South China Sea policy of the Philippines has always been less consistent than that of Vietnam, which can be explained through each state’s foreign policy tendencies.","PeriodicalId":233452,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"8 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130370804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Queer Desire in Japanese TV Series 日本电视剧中的酷儿欲望

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0001

Jasmin Rückert

引用次数: 1

The Cultural and Educational Dimension of the “New Silk Road:” The Re-invention of Mongolness at the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands 新丝绸之路 "的文化和教育维度：汉藏边疆蒙古人的再创造

Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0002

U. Wallenböck

引用次数: 1