Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies最新文献

{"title":"SKALP: Secure key agreement and lightweight protocol for dew-assisted IoT enabled edge computing","authors":"Saeed Ullah Jan,&nbsp;Anwar Ghani,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alzahrani,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Tariq,&nbsp;Fahad Algarni,&nbsp;Husnain Abbas Naqvi","doi":"10.1002/ett.5035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that has found applications in diverse domains, including automation, logistics, grid, transportation, healthcare, and more. In these domains, IoT systems generate a significant amount of data, which can be stored in a cloud. However, cloud computing may not be practical in certain delay-sensitive IoT applications with complex operations. To address this, fog and edge computing paradigms have been introduced, but they rely on a reliable internet connection for proper functioning. The dew computing paradigm, a novel concept, allows the execution of various applications in the IoT environment, with or without internet connectivity. However, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity during transmission and storage in such an environment remains a significant challenge. Therefore, a fail-safe and highly effective security mechanism is yet to be proposed. This study introduces a protocol that utilizes the elliptic curve cryptography and secure hash algorithm to design a secure key agreement and lightweight protocol (SKALP). SKALP security is formally analyzed using BAN (Burrows-Abadi-Needham) logic, ROM (Random Oracle Model), RoR (Real-Or-Random) model, and ProVerif (Protocol Verifier) simulation while informally discussing it to evaluate its resistance against well-known attacks. Additionally, the performance analysis of SKALP considers the costs associated with communication and computation. The findings from the comparative analysis indicate that the SKALP demonstrates a higher level of superiority than its competitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RF-GCN: Residual fused-graph convolutional network using multimodalities for facial emotion recognition","authors":"D. Vishnu Sakthi,&nbsp;P. Ezhumalai","doi":"10.1002/ett.5031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emotional state of individuals is difficult to identify and it is developing now a days because of vast interest in recognition. Many technologies have been developed to identify this emotional expression based on facial expressions, vocal expressions, physiological signals, and body expressions. Among these, facial emotion is very expressive for recognition using multimodalities. Understanding facial emotions has applications in mental well-being, decision-making, and even social change, as emotions play a crucial role in our lives. This recognition is complicated by the high dimensionality of data and non-linear interactions across modalities. Moreover, the way emotion is expressed by people varies and these feature identification remains challenging, where these limitations are overcome by Deep learning models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research work aims at facial emotion recognition through the utilization of a deep learning model, named the proposed Residual Fused-Graph Convolution Network (RF-GCN). Here, multimodal data included is video as well as an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Also, the Non-Local Means (NLM) filter is used for pre-processing input video frames. Here, the feature selection process is carried out using chi-square, after feature extraction, which is done in both pre-processed video frames and input EEG signals. Finally, facial emotion recognition and its types are determined by RF-GCN, which is a combination of both the Deep Residual Network (DRN) and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further, RF-GCN is evaluated for performance by metrics such as accuracy, recall, and precision, with superior values of 91.6%, 96.5%, and 94.7%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RF-GCN captures the nuanced relationships between different emotional states and improves recognition accuracy. The model is trained and evaluated on the dataset and reflects real-world conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable information delivery and dynamic link utilization in MANET cloud using deep reinforcement learning","authors":"Shuhong Kuang,&nbsp;Jiyong Zhang,&nbsp;Amin Mohajer","doi":"10.1002/ett.5028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern networking demands efficient and reliable information delivery within Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) and cloud environments. This paper introduces a novel approach that employs Multi-Agent Deep Learning (MADL) for adaptive resource allocation, addressing the challenges of optimizing traffic and ensuring dependable information delivery while adhering to Service Level Agreement (SLA) constraints. Our method dynamically allocates resources across nodes, leveraging the synergy between Advanced Cloud Computing and Edge Computing to balance centralized processing and localized adaptability. The integration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) further enhances this process by adapting resource allocation decisions based on network topology. Through iterative learning, our algorithm fine-tunes continuous-time resource optimization policies, resulting in substantial improvements in throughput and latency minimization. Simulations validate the effectiveness of our approach, demonstrating its potential to contribute to the advancement of MANET cloud networks by offering adaptability, efficiency, and real-time optimization for reliable information delivery and dynamic link utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A semantic axiomatic design for integrity in IoT","authors":"Maryam Nooraei Abadeh","doi":"10.1002/ett.5032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the complex, critical, and rapidly evolving era of Industry 4.0 manufacturing, mature engineering disciplines can be developed to validate system designs at an abstract level, enabling effective fault-free environments. However, designing integrated IoT platforms presents significant challenges due to their inherent complexity and interoperability issues. To address this challenge, the proposed framework integrates axiomatic design principles with considerations for data integrity and domain ontology. Furthermore, this paper introduces a multi-level integrity rule repository for IoT application to provides a robust foundation for designing and maintaining IoT systems. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, we conducted a study across four domains of smart cities. The design's quality was assessed using model quality parameters, including completeness, consistency and validity. Our analysis shows that the semantic-aware axiomatic design framework can effectively address the problem of inconsistencies and low-quality design in scientific IoT environments, providing a more reliable and efficient solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing 5G massive MIMO systems with EfficientNet-B7-powered deep learning-driven beamforming","authors":"Bendjillali Ridha Ilyas,&nbsp;Bendelhoum Mohammed Sofiane,&nbsp;Tadjeddine Ali Abderrazak,&nbsp;Kamline Miloud","doi":"10.1002/ett.5034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of wireless communication systems is a challenging and constantly evolving field and the issue of gaining optimal performance is of utmost importance. This work intends to give a thorough and detailed description of massive MIMO technology and its properties, with a significant emphasis on digital beamforming (FDB) and hybrid beamforming (HBF) techniques and the potential of combining them with the most recent and exciting frontier of research: deep learning. On one hand, FDB provides accurate signal control but, on the other hand, it deals with substantial needs like high-power consumption. This challenge makes the focus shift to HBF—the innovative technology successfully coupled with deep learning's powerful potential. The chosen research explores extensively the major areas of application and compatibility of this operating mode in a diverse range of operational situations in the interference environment as well as in different levels of noise conditions. Moreover, the study offers a comprehensive comparison, which is highly effective in exploring further methods that focus on improving spectral efficiency. Significantly, the “Proposed Method” is suggested to be at the leading position, which demonstrates superior performance. Showing outstanding generalization capability, versatile robustness, and efficiency of usage in the proposed framework rely on EfficientNet-B7 as the major portion. This makes it adaptive to its dynamic surroundings and puts it as a powerful tool in the world of advanced connectivity and massive MIMO technology. Due to its core ability to respond to changes in conditions effectively and efficiently, the proposed framework is seen as one of the most powerful approaches that could be used to change wireless communication systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid intrusion detection approach based on message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol in industrial internet of things","authors":"Georg Thamer Francis,&nbsp;Alireza Souri,&nbsp;Nihat İnanç","doi":"10.1002/ett.5030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The number of attacks against Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices has increased over the past years, particularly on widely used communication protocols like Message Queuing Telemetry Transfer (MQTT). The fast increase in IIoT applications brings both critical challenges and technical gaps in cybersecurity. On the other hand, traditional cyber-attack detection approaches scrap to address and support the run-time responsibilities of IIoT environments. This study presents a hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Random Forest (GA_RF) method for detecting cyber-attacks in Industrial Control Machines (ICS) that use MQTT protocol in the IIoT environment. This architecture integrates ICS with edge devices and cloud servers, using a GA_RF algorithm to detect anomalies in data collected by sensors. Normal data is processed locally and then sent to the cloud for storage and return, ensuring continuous monitoring and security. Also, the MQTT-IOT-IDS2020 dataset as a real test case was applied for prediction of the proposed GA_RF method with compare to some other powerful machine and deep learning models. The experimental results show that the proposed GA_RF method has an optimum accuracy of 99.87%–100% for detecting cyber-attacks. This hybrid algorithm also achieved 0–0.0015 in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and 100% in Precision, Recall, and F-score factors. This result led to the proposed architecture, which connects the ICS to a server while running GA_RF on the IIoT environment. In conclusion, this study indicates the effectiveness of GA_RF and aims to improve security by using the MQTT protocol in IIoT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of switch information security protection system based on software-defined networking","authors":"Xueda Huang,&nbsp;Kuanlei Zheng,&nbsp;Sisi Chen,&nbsp;Zhaoren He","doi":"10.1002/ett.5033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The communications industry has a new, forward-thinking architecture: software-defined networks (SDN). The inflexible structure of conventional networks severely hinders their ability to service modern organizations. The increased adaptability and transparency of SDN-powered networks makes them more vulnerable to security hazards like Distributed denial of service (DDoS) assaults. The switch information system introduces protection at the cost of some degree of adaptability. The information and software layers are potential entry points for DDoS assaults. The flow-based policies frequently collide at the application layer, giving rise to safety issues. The central nervous system of the network's components is the SDN controller located at the control layer. The centrally located controller interacts with networking hardware via switches. Attacks on control devices, switches, and communication channels can cause vulnerabilities in SDN networks. The study proposes Blockchain-SDN-based switch information security (BC-SDN-SIS) to address the information security problems. SDN applications operate at the highest level of SDN controllers, facilitating the easy rollout of new network services. The suggested design uses a distributed BC approach to guarantee confidentiality, anonymity, privacy, and scalability. The proposed BC-SDN-SIS model increases the accuracy ratio of 97.45%, precision ratio of 98.43, recall ratio of 97.34, effectiveness ratio of 97.6%, bandwidth of 2.5 Mbps, latency rate of .04 ms and F1-score ratio of 98.28% compared to other existing models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of intrusion detection system in cyber-physical system based networks: Characteristics, industrial protocols, attacks, data sets and challenges","authors":"Ram Ji,&nbsp;Devanand Padha,&nbsp;Yashwant Singh,&nbsp;Surbhi Sharma","doi":"10.1002/ett.5029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) provide critical infrastructure for the betterment of human lives thereby integrating cyber and physical components but the fusion of physical and digital components leads to an increase in the attack surface, which in turn provides opportunities for the attackers to intrude on these systems, which can affect the critical services like health care, water treatment facility, the electrical grid, hydropower plant, and so forth. The existing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) in CPSs are facing issues like poor detection accuracy, high false alarm rate and more computation time. Also, existing intrusion detection systems cannot identify new attacks that is, zero-day assaults. Prerequisite exists for the design of the framework for detecting intrusions using artificial intelligence inspired approaches grounded on the principle of ensemble techniques. Intrusion detection framework assimilating ensemble-based technique for CPS has been proposed. Since the proposed framework incorporates privileges of multiple techniques for intrusion detection and classification, hence the proposed framework may overcome the limitations of existing IDSs for CPS. Overview of cutting-edge incursion identification methods for CPSs is presented. Several characteristics of CPS, industrial protocols, and anomaly detection techniques for intrusion detection are analyzed. Taxonomy of IDS for CPS has been proposed, taxonomy of attacks and threats on CPS has been intended. Research challenges for IDS in CPS are also uncovered from this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Dynamic service function chain placement in mobile computing: An asynchronous advantage actor-critic based approach”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ett.5027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jiang H, Xia H, Zare M. Dynamic service function chain placement in mobile computing: an asynchronous advantage actor-critic based approach. <i>Trans Emerging Tel Tech</i>. 2024;35(8):e5022. doi: 10.1002/ett.5022</p><p>Due to unforeseen circumstances, there have been changes in the affiliations of the authors associated with this paper. The correct affiliations for each author are as follows:</p><p>Heling Jiang</p><p>School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China</p><p>Information Department, GuiZhou University of Finance &amp; Economic, Guiyang 550025, China</p><p>Hai Xia</p><p>Gui'an New Area Science and Innovation Industry Development Co., Ltd, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China</p><p>Mansoureh Zare</p><p>Department of Computer Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr 75168, Iran</p><p>This error was on the part of the corresponding author, and we apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ett.5027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “PAM: Predictive analytics and modules-based computation offloading framework using greedy heuristics and 5G NR-V2X”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ett.5026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ett.5026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Khattak MI, Yuan H, Ahmad A, Ahmed M, Khan A, Inamullah. PAM: Predictive analytics and modules-based computation offloading framework using greedy heuristics and 5G NR-V2X. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2024;35(7):e5003. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.5003</p><p>The second affiliation of the third author was not included in the final published version. The affiliation is below.</p><p>“Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":23282,"journal":{"name":"Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ett.5026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}