Translational Neurodegeneration最新文献

{"title":"A phase 1 open-label pilot study of low-dose interleukine-2 immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Alireza Faridar, Abdulmunaim M Eid, Aaron D Thome, Weihua Zhao, David R Beers, Maria B Pascual, Mohammad O Nakawah, Gustavo C Roman, Charles S Davis, Michael Grundman, Joseph C Masdeu, Stanley H Appel","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00387-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00387-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05821153, Registered April 20 2023, Retrospectively registered, https://classic.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov/ct2/show/NCT05821153.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10652426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134649851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease: from physiology to pathology.","authors":"Peibin Zou, Chongyun Wu, Timon Cheng-Yi Liu, Rui Duan, Luodan Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00385-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, under the pathological circumstances of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's microenvironment undergoes detrimental changes that significantly impact OPCs and their functions. Starting with OPC functions, we delve into the transformation of OPCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, the intricate signaling interactions with other cells in the central nervous system (CNS), and the fascinating process of phagocytosis, which influences the function of OPCs and affects CNS homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss the essential role of OPCs in BBB formation and highlight the critical contribution of OPCs in forming CNS-protective barriers. In the context of AD, the deterioration of the local microenvironment in the brain is discussed, mainly focusing on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of toxic proteins. The detrimental changes disturb the delicate balance in the brain, impacting the regenerative capacity of OPCs and compromising myelin integrity. Under pathological conditions, OPCs experience significant alterations in migration and proliferation, leading to impaired differentiation and a reduced ability to produce mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, myelin degeneration and formation become increasingly active in AD, contributing to progressive neurodegeneration. Finally, we summarize the current therapeutic approaches targeting OPCs in AD. Strategies to revitalize OPC senescence, modulate signaling pathways to enhance OPC differentiation, and explore other potential therapeutic avenues are promising in alleviating the impact of AD on OPCs and CNS function. In conclusion, this review highlights the indispensable role of OPCs in CNS function and their involvement in the pathogenesis of AD. The intricate interplay between OPCs and the AD brain microenvironment underscores the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from studying OPCs under pathological conditions provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OPCs and fostering neurodegeneration. Future research will advance our understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately offering hope for effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by AD and related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel transgenic mouse line with hippocampus-dominant and inducible expression of truncated human tau.","authors":"Yang Gao, Yuying Wang, Huiyang Lei, Zhendong Xu, Shihong Li, Haitao Yu, Jiazhao Xie, Zhentao Zhang, Gongping Liu, Yao Zhang, Jie Zheng, Jian-Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00379-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00379-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a defining hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mouse models imitating AD-exclusive neuronal tau pathologies are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We generated a new tet-on transgenic mouse model expressing truncated human tau N1-368 (termed hTau368), a tau fragment increased in the brains of AD patients and aged mouse brains. Doxycycline (dox) was administered in drinking water to induce hTau368 expression. Immunostaining and Western blotting were performed to measure the tau level. RNA sequencing was performed to evaluate gene expression, and several behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate mouse cognitive functions, emotion and locomotion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dox treatment for 1-2 months at a young age induced overt and reversible human tau accumulation in the brains of hTau368 transgenic mice, predominantly in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, the transgenic mice exhibited AD-like high level of tau phosphorylation, glial activation, loss of mature neurons, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic degeneration and cognitive deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study developed a well-characterized and easy-to-use tool for the investigations and drug development for AD and other tauopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10637005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72210935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal administration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neural stem cell-secretome as a treatment option for Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Hyunkyung Mo, Juryun Kim, Jennifer Yejean Kim, Jang Woon Kim, Heeju Han, Si Hwa Choi, Yeri Alice Rim, Ji Hyeon Ju","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00384-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00384-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, resulting in gradual destruction of cognitive abilities. Research on the development of various AD treatments is underway; however, no definitive treatment has been developed yet. Herein, we present induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neural stem cell secretome (CNSC-SE) as a new treatment candidate for AD and explore its efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first assessed the effects of CNSC-SE treatment on neural maturation and electromagnetic signal during cortical nerve cell differentiation. Then to confirm the efficacy in vivo, CNSC-SE was administered to the 5×FAD mouse model through the nasal cavity (5 μg/g, once a week, 4 weeks). The cell-mediated effects on nerve recovery, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque aggregation, microglial and astrocyte detection in the brain, and neuroinflammatory responses were investigated. Metabolomics analysis of iPSC-derived CNSC-SE revealed that it contained components that could exert neuro-protective effects or amplify cognitive restorative effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human iPSC-derived CNSC-SE increased neuronal proliferation and dendritic structure formation in vitro. Furthermore, CNSC-SE-treated iPSC-derived cortical neurons acquired electrical network activity and action potential bursts. The 5×FAD mice treated with CNSC-SE showed memory restoration and reduced Aβ plaque accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the iPSC-derived CNSC-SE may serve as a potential, non-invasive therapeutic option for AD in reducing amyloid infiltration and restoring memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10634159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRP3 inflammasome in cognitive impairment and pharmacological properties of its inhibitors.","authors":"Yi Xu, Yanling Yang, Xi Chen, Danling Jiang, Fei Zhang, Yao Guo, Bin Hu, Guohai Xu, Shengliang Peng, Lidong Wu, Jialing Hu","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00381-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00381-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment is a multifactorial and multi-step pathological process that places a heavy burden on patients and the society. Neuroinflammation is one of the main factors leading to cognitive impairment. The inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that respond to various microorganisms and endogenous danger signals, helping to initiate innate protective responses in inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 inflammasomes produce proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-1β and IL-18) by activating caspase-1. In this review, we comprehensively describe the structure and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also explore the intrinsic relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and cognitive impairment, which involves immune cell activation, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we describe NLRP3 inflammasome antagonists as targeted therapies to improve cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic regulation of microglial phagocytosis: Implications for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.","authors":"Izabela Lepiarz-Raba, Ismail Gbadamosi, Roberta Florea, Rosa Chiara Paolicelli, Ali Jawaid","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00382-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00382-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, are increasingly implicated in the regulation of brain health and disease. Microglia perform multiple functions in the central nervous system, including surveillance, phagocytosis and release of a variety of soluble factors. Importantly, a majority of their functions are closely related to changes in their metabolism. This natural inter-dependency between core microglial properties and metabolism offers a unique opportunity to modulate microglial activities via nutritional or metabolic interventions. In this review, we examine the existing scientific literature to synthesize the hypothesis that microglial phagocytosis of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be selectively enhanced via metabolic interventions. We first review the basics of microglial metabolism and the effects of common metabolites, such as glucose, lipids, ketone bodies, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate, on microglial inflammatory and phagocytic properties. Next, we examine the evidence for dysregulation of microglial metabolism in AD. This is followed by a review of in vivo studies on metabolic manipulation of microglial functions to ascertain their therapeutic potential in AD. Finally, we discuss the effects of metabolic factors on microglial phagocytosis of healthy synapses, a pathological process that also contributes to the progression of AD. We conclude by enlisting the current challenges that need to be addressed before strategies to harness microglial phagocytosis to clear pathological protein deposits in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders can be widely adopted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71427160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Janus kinase inhibitors are potential therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Peter J Richardson, Daniel P Smith, Alex de Giorgio, Xenia Snetkov, Joshua Almond-Thynne, Sara Cronin, Richard J Mead, Christopher J McDermott, Pamela J Shaw","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00380-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00380-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a poorly treated multifactorial neurodegenerative disease associated with multiple cell types and subcellular organelles. As with other multifactorial diseases, it is likely that drugs will need to target multiple disease processes and cell types to be effective. We review here the role of Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling in ALS, confirm the association of this signalling with fundamental ALS disease processes using the BenevolentAI Knowledge Graph, and demonstrate that inhibitors of this pathway could reduce the ALS pathophysiology in neurons, glia, muscle fibres, and blood cells. Specifically, we suggest that inhibition of the JAK enzymes by approved inhibitors known as Jakinibs could reduce STAT3 activation and modify the progress of this disease. Analysis of the Jakinibs highlights baricitinib as a suitable candidate due to its ability to penetrate the central nervous system and exert beneficial effects on the immune system. Therefore, we recommend that this drug be tested in appropriately designed clinical trials for ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10568794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41213960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-derived iPSC models of Friedreich ataxia: a new frontier for understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic application.","authors":"Saumya Maheshwari, Gabriela Vilema-Enríquez, Richard Wade-Martins","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00376-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00376-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder caused by a pathological GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FXN gene. The numerous drawbacks of historical cellular and rodent models of FRDA have caused difficulty in performing effective mechanistic and translational studies to investigate the disease. The recent discovery and subsequent development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology provides an exciting platform to enable enhanced disease modelling for studies of rare genetic diseases. Utilising iPSCs, researchers have created phenotypically relevant and previously inaccessible cellular models of FRDA. These models enable studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying GAA-induced pathology, as well as providing an exciting tool for the screening and testing of novel disease-modifying therapies. This review explores how the use of iPSCs to study FRDA has developed over the past decade, as well as discussing the enormous therapeutic potentials of iPSC-derived models, their current limitations and their future direction within the field of FRDA research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41166481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological insights from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal models: comparisons, limitations, and challenges.","authors":"Longhong Zhu, Shihua Li, Xiao-Jiang Li, Peng Yin","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00377-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00377-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to dissect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a multigenic, multifactorial, and progressive neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations, researchers have generated numerous animal models to mimic the genetic defects. Concurrent and comparative analysis of these various models allows identification of the causes and mechanisms of ALS in order to finally obtain effective therapeutics. However, most genetically modified rodent models lack overt pathological features, imposing challenges and limitations in utilizing them to rigorously test the potential mechanisms. Recent studies using large animals, including pigs and non-human primates, have uncovered important events that resemble neurodegeneration in patients' brains but could not be produced in small animals. Here we describe common features as well as discrepancies among these models, highlighting new insights from these models. Furthermore, we will discuss how to make rodent models more capable of recapitulating important pathological features based on the important pathogenic insights from large animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41103368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Zhi Dong Zhou, Ling Xiao Yi, Dennis Qing Wang, Tit Meng Lim, Eng King Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40035-023-00378-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40035-023-00378-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and decreased dopamine (DA) content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD brains. DA is the neurotransmitter of dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence suggests that DA interacts with environmental and genetic factors to contribute to PD pathophysiology. Disturbances of DA synthesis, storage, transportation and metabolism have been shown to promote neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in various PD models. DA is unstable and can undergo oxidation and metabolism to produce multiple reactive and toxic by-products, including reactive oxygen species, DA quinones, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. Here we summarize and highlight recent discoveries on DA-linked pathophysiologic pathways, and discuss the potential protective and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the complications associated with DA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23269,"journal":{"name":"Translational Neurodegeneration","volume":"12 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}