E. Saberian, A. Esfandyari-Kalejahi, M. Afsari-Ghazi
{"title":"Large Amplitude Dust-acoustic Solitons in a Plasma Consisting of SuperthermalElectron-positron Pairs and Dust Particulates","authors":"E. Saberian, A. Esfandyari-Kalejahi, M. Afsari-Ghazi","doi":"10.2174/1876534301508010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301508010008","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence and propagation of large amplitude dust-acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) are studied in a three-component plasma consisting of negatively charged dust grains and electron-positron pairs by employing a pseudopotential technique. Here, we focus on a superthermal plasma modeled by a -like distribution and consider a finite temperature for dust particulates. It is shown that the solitary waves with negative polarity are allowed in the system and there is a critical value for dust charge Z d above/below which the subsonic/supersonic solitary structures can propagate. In the case of negative fullerene ions, Z d = 1, it is observed that subsonic DASWs can propagate in the plasma. In addition, it is revealed that the propagation of double layers is not possible in this plasma system.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122620029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Echo in a Semi-Bounded Plasma","authors":"Hee-Jae Lee, Myoung-Jae Lee","doi":"10.2174/1876534301508010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301508010001","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma echo theory is revisited and reviewed to apply it to a semi-bounded plasma. Spatial echoes in a semi- bounded plasma are investigated by calculating the electric field produced by external charges and satisfying the boundary conditions at the interface. We show that echoes can occur at various spots. The diversity of echo occurrence spots is due to the boundary terms. x ik e or ) / ( v x t i e . This modulation is called free streaming term since x = vt is the characteristic line of a free particle. This term makes the modulation of the distribution function more and more oscillatory as t or x increases, and consequently, fdv will become vanishingly small due to almost complete cancelations (phase-mixing). Therefore, the free streaming term yields no appreciable effect on macroscopic variable such as density perturbation.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Consistent Hot Spot Tracing in Kinetic Simulations: A Method to Improve the Test Particles Method","authors":"A. Esmaeili","doi":"10.2174/1876534301407010194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301407010194","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important advantages of particle simulation as compared to fluid simulation is the capacity for working with and tracing particles. In particle simulations, the test particle method is usually used to get some idea of the behavior of plasma or other substances. In this method, first, a small number of particles are injected into the frame of fixed electromagnetic fields. Then, movement of particles is investigated using the pattern of their electric fields. This method is useful; however, as we need to work with fixed fields in our system, it lacks precision. In this work, we adapted the particle simulations method, adding the flexibility of working with dynamic fields that come directly from the simulation. Here we have tried to investigate particle entry from the solar wind with northward Interpanetary Magnetic Filed (IMF) to the magnetospheric cusp. As our initial results shows, self consistent path of particles does not follow the magnetic field lines going to the cusp that is slightly in contrast to the conventional non self consistent results from test particle method.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129453047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Aspects of the Shock Wave in Pair Plasma","authors":"B. Malekolkalami, Taimur Mohammadi","doi":"10.2174/1876534301407010199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301407010199","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analytic investigation to calculate the width of the shock in pair plasma . A solitary elec- tromagnetic wave is propagated obliquely in the plasma where the wave direction is characterized by a propagation angle from direction of a background (constant) magnetic field . Based on Sagdeev method , the shock wave is determined by os- cillation of pseudo--particle in pseudo--potential well . It is shown that for any fixed value of the propagation angle , the width of the shock becomes an explicit function of Alfe'vn Mach number of plasma . Graphs of the width of the shock ver- sus Mach number represent a rapid montonous decreasing functions .","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132064385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of State-to-State Kinetics in Determining Transport Coefficients for Hypersonic Flow Simulations","authors":"E. Josyula, J. M. Burt, W. Bailey, P. Vedula","doi":"10.2174/18765343014070101173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18765343014070101173","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical study is performed to assess the influence of thermochemical nonequilibrium on the transport coefficients used in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of hypersonic external flowfields. An quantitative assessment is made of transport coefficients from simplified methods of Blottner curve fits and Variable Hard Sphere (VHS) model on the numerical solution of a Mach 23 flow past a sphere cone, the RAMC-II test case. The equations derived by Kustova (1) in the state kinetic approach for calculating transport coefficients from the Chapman-Enskog solution of the Wang-Chang Uhlenbeck equation were used to conduct a parametric study for assessment of the effect of the following parameters on the state-specific diffusion coefficients: (1) Widely different population distributions, (2) Atomic mass concentration, and (3) Binary atomic to molecular diffusion coefficient ratio. The present study is a first step to quantify the relative importance of the parameters considered for a future implementation of the computationally expensive state-kinetic transport coefficients in multi-dimensional fluid dynamic flow solvers for flow conditions where the more general state kinetic approach becomes necessary.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114565598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibrational-Chemical Kinetics in Mars Entry Problems","authors":"E. Kustova, E. Nagnibeda, I. Armenise","doi":"10.2174/1876534301407010076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301407010076","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with kinetic theory methods modelling of reacting gas flows near spacecrafts entering the Mars atmosphere. For mixtures containing CO2 molecules, the complete kinetic scheme including all vibrational energy transitions, dissociation, recombination and exchange chemical reactions is proposed. For the prediction of gas dynamic parameters and heat transfer to the surface of a spacecraft, a detailed approach taking into account state-to-state CO2 vibrational and chemical kinetics as well as multi-temperature approaches based on quasi-stationary vibrational distributions are used. A more accurate but complicated and time consuming state-to-state model is applied for the numerical simulation of a one-dimensional flow in a boundary layer near the entering body surface. More simple quasi- stationary three-temperature, two-temperature and one-temperature approaches are used for the numerical study of a 2-D viscous shock layer under entry conditions. The vibrational distributions near the surface are far from the local vibrational and chemical equilibrium and a noticeable difference is found between the values of CO2 vibrational-specific energies at the surface obtained by means of the state-to-state and quasi-stationary approaches. At the same time, for all considered approaches, the kinetic model for vibrational distributions and chemical reactions has a weak influence on the heat transfer to the non-catalytic vehicle surface.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125393901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bourdon, J. Annaloro, A. Bultel, M. Capitelli, G. Colonna, A. Guy, T. Magin, A. Munafò, M. Perrin, L. Pietanza
{"title":"Reduction of State-to-State to Macroscopic Models for Hypersonics","authors":"A. Bourdon, J. Annaloro, A. Bultel, M. Capitelli, G. Colonna, A. Guy, T. Magin, A. Munafò, M. Perrin, L. Pietanza","doi":"10.2174/1876534301407010060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301407010060","url":null,"abstract":"Four different types of macroscopic models developed for the vibration-chemistry coupling in nonequilibrium flows for re-entry applications are presented. First, using an approach based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics, global rate coefficients of dissociation of N2 and O2 under parent molecular or atomic impact and backward molecular recombination are determined. Then a Two-Level Distribution (TLD) model is developed, in which a relaxation equation for vibrational temperature is solved as in the case of multi-temperature models but with the simultaneous solution of a kinetic equation, as in the case of state-to-state models, but only for the last vibrational level. In a third approach, a multi- internal temperature model is presented to describe accurately the vibrational distribution function in using several groups of levels, within which the levels are assumed to follow a Boltzmann distribution at an internal temperature of the group. This multi-internal temperature model allows us to describe accurately the vibrational energy relaxation and dissociation processes behind a strong shock wave. Finally, a rovibrational collisional coarse-grain model is developed to reduce a detailed rovibrational mechanism for the internal energy excitation and dissociation processes behind a strong shock wave in a nitrogen flow.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different Approximation Levels in Using CFD for the Design of Hypersonic Vehicles","authors":"A. Schettino, D. D’Ambrosio","doi":"10.2174/18765343014070101181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18765343014070101181","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the importance of using accurate CFD simulations in the design of hypersonic vehicles is stressed. The attention is focused on the one hand on the need to providing the vehicle designer with the estimated error bars together with the nominal values of the design parameters. On the other hand it is underlined how, in the different design phases, different levels of accuracy can be used, from simple inviscid computations to complex viscous non-equilibrium modellization, depending on the problem that must be solved. Then, the attention is focused on the kinetic models, from the classic macroscopic to the advanced models based on the state-to-state approach. Some examples of test cases that were used in the last years to validate CFD codes with respect to the kinetic modeling are presented, with the aim of emphasizing the potential advantages in using the state-to-state approach. Finally, preliminary results of the numerical rebuilding of wind tunnel test cases that are currently being performed in the framework of the Phys4Entry Project for code validation are shown.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiative Aerothermodynamics of Entering Space Vehicles: Toward the Use of State-to-State Approach","authors":"S. Surzhikov, P. Reynier, G. Seller, F. Taccogna","doi":"10.2174/18765343014070101127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18765343014070101127","url":null,"abstract":"Modern problems of radiative aerothermodynamics of entering space vehicles are demonstrated and analyzed in the paper. New radiative gas dynamic problems concerned to coupling processes of non-equilibrium dissociation with radiation heat transfer in shock layers generated above large scale re-entry space vehicles returning from orbital and super orbital space mission are considered in the first part. Three-dimensional numerical simulation data on radiative aerothermodynamics of Martian entry probes Pathfinder, Exomars and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) are presented and analyzed in the second part. It is shown that integral radiative heating of leeward surface of the entry probes exceeds corresponding convective heating. The third part is dedicated to consideration preliminary numerical simulation results on radiative gas dynamics of Galileo probes. At first, a review of the available results obtained during the mission preparation and post-flight analyses has been undertaken to select a computational matrix. This matrix has been selected by accounting for previous numerical efforts from the literature to crosscheck the results. Then, a model based on previous efforts has been set up for computing the flow-field around the probe at high altitude. Finally the test case matrix has been computed and crosschecked with existing numerical predictions performed. Some possibilities of innovative magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) technologies being applied to solve problems of re-entry vehicles heat protection are discussed in the fourth part. All presented data demonstrate necessity of further development of the radiative aerothermodynamics based on state-to- state approaches.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Colonna, G. D. Ammando, A. Dikalyuk, M. Panesi, L. Pietanza, S. Surzhikov
{"title":"Advanced Models in Shock Waves","authors":"G. Colonna, G. D. Ammando, A. Dikalyuk, M. Panesi, L. Pietanza, S. Surzhikov","doi":"10.2174/1876534301407010100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876534301407010100","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents three collisional-radiative models developed to investigate non-equilibrium chemistry and radiation in hypersonic shock tubes operating with different planetary atmospheres. An hybrid collisional-radiative model, employing the state-to-state kinetics of electronically excited states of molecules and the multi-temperature approximation for the vibrational degree of freedom is presented first, and applied to the numerical rebuilding of experimental shock tube emission spectra. Next, an hybrid collisional-radiative model for ionized air is presented. This model consider the state-to- state approach for electronic states of atoms and the multi-temperature model for the vibrational populations of diatomic molecules in their ground electronic state. A radiative transport equation is also solved to determine radiative source terms in the kinetic scheme and the enthalpy production due to radiation. The third model considers the state-to-state collisional- radiative model of Jupiter's atmosphere, self-consistently coupled with the Boltzmann equation for free electrons and the radiative transfer equation for the radiation transport in one-dimensional slab geometry.","PeriodicalId":231555,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plasma Physics Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134330233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}