Toxicological Review最新文献

{"title":"A case of a favorable outcome of acute oral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances of severe degree, complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and exotoxic shock (clinical observation)","authors":"R.A. Narzikulov, A. Lodyagin, A. Sinenchenko, Chimit Bairovich Batotsyrenov, B. R. Rustamov, I. Lisitsa, N.D. Zapasnikov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-150-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-150-156","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article considers a case of a favorable outcome of acute oral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances of severe degree, complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and exotoxic shock. \u0000Clinical observation. An episode of acute oral poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances of severe degree (baclofen, (4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl) is presented-butyric acid – \u0000ethylglucuronide >2000 mg/ml), methadone 83 mg/ml, methylenedioxypyrovaleron 57 ng/ml, complicated by the development of exotoxic shock in a 32-year-old patient. The clinical picture of acute poisoning was manifested by depression of consciousness to the level of coma II, acute respiratory failure, mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis (pH 7.18; partial pressure of carbon dioxide 64.0 mmHg, lactic acidosis \u0000up to 5 mmol/l), swelling of the brain, exotoxic shock (BP – 60/20 mmHg, heart rate – 110 beats per minute). \u0000Intensive therapy included: respiratory, infusion, detoxification, anticoagulation, antibacterial therapy, correction of acid-base state disorders, water-electrolyte balance, nutritional support, normalization \u0000of metabolic disorders through the use of a substrate antihypoxant. The calculation of the required \u0000amount of sodium bicarbonate was carried out according to the Mellengaard-Astrup formula: the amount of mmol of sodium bicarbonate is equal to the product of VE • body weight in kg • 0.3. According \u0000to the calculation, the amount of required bicarbonate was 195 mmol, that is, in terms of 5% bicarbonate solution – 195 ml. \u0000Conclusion. As a result of basic resuscitation care in the form of artificial lung ventilation, correction of mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis by using sodium bicarbonate, infusion therapy to correct hypovolemia, ensuring optimal perfusion of organs and tissues, elimination of key links of hypoxia by using cytoflavin, improvement of rheological properties of blood and symptomatic therapy allowed for a favorable outcome of severe poisoning with a mixture of narcotic and psychoactive substances complicated by the development of exotoxic shock.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81118385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in indicators of the autonomic nervous system in acute poisoning with 1,4-butanediol complicated by withdrawal syndrome","authors":"A. H. Lodyagin, Andrej Georgievich Sinenchenko, Aleksandr Leonidovich Kuczalo, B. V. Batocyrenov, Georgij Ivanovich Sinenchenko, Semen Valer`evich Kuzneczov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-157-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-3-157-162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents an assessment of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in patients with acute 1,4-butanediol poisoning complicated by withdrawal syndrome using pupillometry. Purpose of the study: to analyze changes in the indicators of the autonomic nervous system in patients with acute 1,4-butanediol poisoning complicated by withdrawal syndrome. \u0000Material and methods. In the course of the work, a prospective examination of 30 patients with acute 1,4-butanediol poisoning, complicated by withdrawal syndrome, aged 19 to 39 years (median age was 25.3 [20.1; 24.9] years) was carried out. All patients were treated at the Center for the Treatment of \u0000St. Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. Pupullometry was performed using the hardware-software complex KSRZRts-01. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out in the program Statistica for Windows (version 10). \u0000Results. In the course of the study, patients with acute poisoning with 1,4-butanediol develop a neurovegetative variant of AS, manifested by signs of parasympathicotonia, expressed in changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain in the form of irritation of cortical-subcortical structures with rapid exhaustion and instability of the functional tone of cortical neurons, cognitive impairment, ideation and motor retardation, deviations of pupillometry parameters (decrease in the initial pupil diameter and constriction amplitude, increase in the time of onset of the pupillary reaction). \u0000limitations. In the study of the effect of 1,4-butanediol on the indicators of the autonomic nervous system in the course of a prospective examination of 30 male patients of the Center for the Treatment of \u0000St. Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine with acute poisoning by a toxicant, it was found that there were significant changes in the parameters of this system in the withdrawal period. \u0000Conclusion. The indicators revealed during the study prove the predominance of the neurovegetative variant of the withdrawal syndrome with a characteristic change in the bioelectrical activity of the brain, cognitive functions and pupillometry parameters.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89903433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of bioactive agents in enhancing the defense response to nanoparticle toxicity (a literature review)","authors":"Y. Ryabova, Lada V. Shabardina","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-89-98","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ubiquity of nanoparticles (NPs) necessitates the increase in the resistance and tolerance of the human body to their toxic effects. The exposure to nanoparticles can occur not only in the occupational setting but also because of environmental pollution and a purposeful use of nanomaterials (e.g., in medicine and cosmetology). Impossibility of elimination of nanoparticle exposure and its adverse health effects at the current stage of technological development makes the problem even more urgent. Our objective was to study the ability of bioactive agents (vitamins, macro- and microelements, flavonoids, etc.) to enhance the defense response to nanoparticle toxicity. \u0000Material and methods. The analysis and generalization of modern scientific research is carried out. To review and summarize data of recent scientific studies, we have done a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engines, as well as Russian scientific electronic libraries eLibrary.ru and Cyberleninka.ru. The inclusion criteria were information about adverse health effects of nano-sized particles (1–100 nm) and attenuation of their toxicity using bioprotectors in experimental animals. After primary screening of more than 70 publications, we selected thirty-six articles for the review. \u0000Results. The ability of bioactive agents to increase the resistance of a living organism, including warm-blooded mammals, to nanoparticle exposure has been demonstrated. We established a protective effect of vitamin E against nephrotoxicity of gold NPs and toxicity of silver NPs; vitamin C against the hepatotoxic effect of titanium (IV) oxide NPs and reproductive toxicity of nickel NPs, and B vitamins against toxic effects of zinc oxide NPs. We have also found evidence of a protective effect of selenium against silver NPs, including cardioprotective ones. Flavonoids (hesperidin and quercetin) demonstrated protective effects against nephro-, neuro- and hepatotoxicity of nanoparticles. In addition, we noted their positive role in repair of mitochondrial dysfunction. L-arginine also showed the ability to attenuate poisoning induced by Au NPs. \u0000Limitations of the study. We reviewed open access Russian and English-language publications. \u0000Conclusion. This literature review facilitates identification of the most effective ways to increase the resistance and tolerance of a living organism to adverse health effects of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86187350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury distribution in tissues of black sea gobiids from the coastal zone of Sevastopol","authors":"A. Stetsiuk, N. S. Kuz'minova, T. V. Viter","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-109-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-109-119","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Marine aquatic organisms, especially with nutritional value, accumulate pollutants from the environment and therefore must be constantly monitored for toxic elements content. Mercury, even in inorganic form and in sub-lethal amounts, is a risk factor for aquatic biota. \u0000The aim of the work is to measure mercury concentrations in the tissues of the Black Sea gobies; identification of species accumulating mercury to a greater or lesser extent, as well as intraspecific features of mercury accumulation. \u0000Material and methods. Muscles, liver and gills of Black Sea goby fish (round goby Neogobius melanostomus, niger-goby Gobius niger, knout goby Mesogobius batrachocephalus, caught in 2019–2020) were used as material for the study of mercury concentration. The population parameters of the fish caught in the bays of the Sevastopol were analyzed, and then the organs were prepared for the study of the mercury content in them using the atomic absorption method. Food objects were also examined using a binocular microscope. \u0000Results and discussion. Mercury was detected in all analyzed samples, but the concentrations observed in fish tissues are below the legal level of sanitary and hygienic standards for marine fish (0.5 mg/kg). The average concentrations of mercury in the liver of different species of gobies exceeded the concentration of mercury in the gills, with the exception of the round goby. On average, the knout goby accumulates more mercury than the round goby and the black goby. In M. batrachocephalus, unlike other species of Gobiidae, a correlation was found between age and mercury concentration in fish organs: high correlation in muscles (0.7 < r = 0.75), significant r — in gills and liver. The connection between the standard length of species analyzed and the concentration of mercury is characterized as: middle — in the gills, high — in the liver. The revealed differences in the cumulative capacity of the objects studied are associated with different nutritional preferences. Almost all the intestines of the toad (knout) goby at the time of capture were empty, which indicates a faster digestion of food objects, as well as the coincidence of the time of capture with a long starvation associated with spawning and protection of eggs laying. Consequently, in this species, the main “load” falls on the gills, which indicates the route of toxicant entry into the body mainly through respiration, and not through food chains. In round goby, the toxicant studied, on the contrary, enters through food objects — bivalve mollusks. The black goby has the widest food spectrum; values of mercury content, comparable with other species of Gobiidae, are associated with the natural accumulation of the toxicant (with age), partial ingress of mercury through food chains. \u0000Conclusion. Mercury concentrations in different tissues of gobies did not exceed the legal standard for marine fish. The average values of mercury concentration in the liver of different go","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88733999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent organic toxicants in the breast milk of women in the south and north of the Far East of Russia and infant health risk assessment","authors":"E. K. Mironova, M. Donets, A. N. Gumovsky, Y. P. Gumovskaya, M. D. Boyarova, Irina Yuryevna Anisimova, I. P. Koval, V. Tsygankov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-99-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-99-108","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. National programs for monitoring organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the human body are being implemented in different countries. According to WHO, one of the most reliable indicators of the impact of POPs on human health is the determination of their content in women’s breast milk. \u0000In this regard, the purpose of the study was to study the accumulations of organic pollutants (OCPs and PCBs) in the breast milk of women in the south and north of the Far East region of Russia and to assess the environmental risk for infants. \u0000Material and methods. Breast milk samples (n=94) was collected in several healthcare institutions in the region (Primorsky Krai and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) with the written consent of the participants in the experiment. The women’s age ranged from 15 to 49 years. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk samples were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. \u0000Results. The concentrations of POPs (∑HCH+∑DDT+∑PCB) in the samples in women’s breast milk of Primorye varied from 23 to 878 (median (Ме) 128) ng/g and from 13 to 621 (Ме 58) ng/g of lipids in the samples of women from the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, respectively. The range of concentrations of OCPs (∑HCH+∑DDT) and ∑PCBd for residents of Primorye was 3–291 (Ме 72) and 3–720 (Ме 52) ng/g of lipids, for CAO – 7–275 (Ме 27) and 1–431 (Ме 28) ng/g lipid, respectively. \u0000Limitation of the study. The limitation of the study is a small sample sample. However, this does not prevent us from conducting an assessment and making preliminary conclusions for the subsequent in-depth analysis of the state of these regions. \u0000Сonclusion. Persistent organic contaminants were found in all breast milk samples. The total content of POPs in women’s breast milk of Primorye is higher than in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in all age groups. Calculations to assess the risk of not exceeding the estimated daily intake (EDI) in breastfed infants in two regions. As follows from the results of the calculation of EDI, the level of PCB intake in newborns in Chukotka is 1.6 times higher than in Primorsky Krai. Since the action of PCBs is associated with effects that have a negative impact on the development of the child and the risk of possibility of developing various pathologies, this situation is alarming. \u0000Keywords: POPs; HOP; PCBs; breast milk; risk assessment; Primorsky Krai; Chukotka Autonomous Okrug \u0000Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the School of Biomedicine of the Far Eastern Federal University, case No. 4, protocol No. 5 dated December 19, 2017. \u0000Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal “Toksikologicheskiy vestnik (Toxicological Review)”.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of rotenone in the homogenate of the cerebral cortex of rats by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)","authors":"M. M. Gradinar, A. Shchulkin, I. V. Chernykh, E. Yakusheva","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-120-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-120-126","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Rotenone is a neurotoxin that causes damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and is used as a model for experimental parkinsonian syndrome. The development of a technique for the quantitative determination of rotenone in the brain will allow testing new strategies for the pharmacotherapy of parkinsonism by reducing the penetration of toxic substances into the brain. \u0000The aim of the study was to develop and validate an HPLC method for the quantitative determination of rotenone in the cerebral cortex of rats. \u0000Material and methods. Quantitative determination of rotenone was carried out using a Stayer chromatographic system (Аквилон, Russia) with a UV spectrophotometric detector UVV 104 at a wavelength of 296 nm in isocratic mode. A reverse-phase chromatographic column Luna C18 100Å (250*4.6) with a grain size of 5 μm at a temperature of 37°C was used. The composition of the mobile phase was deionized water, acetonitrile in a ratio of 70:30. Determination of rotenone concentration was carried out by the method of absolute calibration by the area of the peaks. \u0000Sample preparation consisted in homogenization of 500 mg of crushed frontal lobe of the rat cerebral cortex in 500 μl of purified water, followed by centrifugation (1750 g), collection of the supernatant and sedimentation of the proteins by acetonitrile. The liquid layer was evaporated on a rotary vacuum. 250 µl of the mobile phase was added to the dry residue, and 100 µl was injected into the chromatograph. \u0000Results. The method was validated for the following parameters: selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection and determination, sample transfer, sample stability. The analytical range was 62.5−1000.0 ng/g brain with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification of rotenone were 25.0 and 62.5 ng/g, respectively. The calculation of intra- and inter-cycle accuracy and precision showed that these parameters do not exceed 20% for the concentration corresponding to the lower limit of quantitative determination, and 15% for higher concentrations. The stability of the technique was demonstrated during short-term storage at room temperature, three freeze-thaw cycles at –80°C, and storage at –80°C for 60 days. There was no sample transfer. \u0000Limitations. The chromatographic technique makes it possible to analyze the content of rotenone in the cerebral cortex of rats in the concentration range of 62.5–1000.0 ng/g. \u0000Conclusion. A method for the quantitative determination of rotenone in the homogenate of the cerebral cortex of rats has been developed and validated.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and classification of the danger of endocrine disruptors","authors":"Редакция Editorial","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-135-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-135-138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83388125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the legislative regulation of the production and circulation of electronic nicotine delivery systems and a proposal for updating technical regulation","authors":"E. L. Skvortsova, Inna Alexandrovna Morozova","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-72-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-72-82","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the legislative and technical regulation of the production, promotion, circulation and consumption of nicotine-containing products (electronic nicotine delivery systems, vapes, electronic cigarettes, non-tobacco smoking mixtures), the relevance in studying the issue is caused by the observed increase in the distribution and consumption of these products among the population of the Russian Federation. The spread among children and young people is of particular concern. The potential danger and toxic risk is caused by exposure to nicotine, as well as glycols, glycerols, aldehydes (including formaldehyde), volatile organic substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dicarbonyls, hydroxycarbonyls (acetol), metals, silicate particles and other elements found in aerosol by inhalation. A comparative analysis of international experience and practice of establishing and applying safety requirements for nicotine-containing products, as well as an analysis of regulatory legal and regulatory and technical acts of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of regulation of nicotine-containing products is given. \u0000As a result of the work, it was concluded that the development, approval and implementation of legislative technical regulation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union – the technical regulation of the EAEU \"Technical regulation for nicotine-containing products\", interstate standards containing rules and methods of research (testing) and measurements, including the rules for sampling nicotine-containing products as a separate category of products that may carry a potential risk to the health of consumers.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80506836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The estimation of the toxic effects of «Complex Plus» agrochemical and perspective use in agriculture","authors":"Susanna B Poghosyan, Susanna A Muradyan, Siranush Ogannesovna Ter-Zaqaryan, A. Keshishyan, A. N. Dzhandzhapanyan, A. Mikaelyan, Natalya S Tadevosyan","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-127-134","url":null,"abstract":"use of agrochemicals strengthen health and environmental issues. To insure the safe use of new preparations, acute and sub-acute studies must to be done. \u0000In this study, the estimation of the toxic effects of “Complex Plus” formulation synthesized on the basis of imidacloprid and proposed as growth stimulator, insecticide and microelements complex simultaneously has been achieved. \u0000Material and methods. The oral and dermal LD50 have been established, sensitivity by sex, skin-irritating and allergic effects, effect on the mucous membranes (rats, rabbits) were studied. The results were processed by the method of variation statistics; standard errors, etc. were calculated by the method of probabilistic analysis of Litchfield–Wilcoxon in the modification of Prozorovsky. The values difference was estimated by two-tailed Student’s test (t-test) with significance level at p<0.05. \u0000Results. The acute intoxication was manifested in some disorders of the central nervous system. Oral LD50 was 805±27 mg/kg bodyweight (II Class, WHO; IV class GOST 32419); dermal LD50>2000 mg/kg bodyweight (III class, WHO; IV class GOST 32419). Sex sensitivity and skin-irritating effects were not revealed. The formulation had a moderate irritant effect on the mucous membranes of eyes (rabbits) and no sensitizing effect. Immunological tests in vitro were negative. \u0000Limitation. Acute toxicity and sensitizing effect of formulation was studied. \u0000Conclusion. Strict complying with the established agrotechnical requirements, hygienic regulations when using the proposed agrochemical will undoubtedly reduce the adverse effects of this formulation on the population and the environment, and will also contribute to development of agriculture in Armenia in the cost-effective way.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"134 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84851254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of hygienic safety of new complex fertilizers with trace elements","authors":"V. N. Rusakov, L. A. Rumyantseva, I. G. Mikhailov, O. V. Vetrova, A. V. Istomin","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-1-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-1-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, the most popular in agricultural production are complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements. The inclusion of trace elements in fertilizers improves plant nutrition, optimizes the effect of fertilizers. At the same time, trace elements are added to the fertilizer in the form of salts, in ionic form, most often, sulfates belonging to substances of hazard class 1-2, which can affect the toxicity of fertilizers and the safety of their production and use. To prevent a possible negative impact on human health and the environment for production, sale and use, it is necessary to conduct toxicological studies included in the state registration procedure. The aim of the study is to study the nature of the toxic effect on the body of laboratory animals (rats, rabbits, guinea pigs) of new complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements. Material and methods. Samples of liquid agrochemicals (preparations No. 1, No. 4, No. 5) and solid (preparations No. 2, No. 3) with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and different composition of trace elements in the form of salts were taken for research. The experimental work was performed on 90 nonlinear, sexually mature white male rats weighing 200-220 g, 30 purebred male rabbits weighing 3000-3500 g and 90 male guinea pigs weighing 350-400 g. During the work, existing methodological approaches and recommendations were used, including generally accepted informative methods of toxicological and statistical studies. Results. Based on the conducted studies, the parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity, irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, sensitizing effect of 5 samples of complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements were established. For all studied drugs, acute oral toxicity (LD50) > 5000 mg/kg body weight, acute dermal toxicity (LD50) > 2500 mg/kg body weight, mild irritating effect on the skin of rats (the average group-wide total score of the severity of the skin-irritating effect was 0.7 points for drugs No. 1, No. 4, No. 5 and 0.5 points for drugs No. 2 and No. 3), mild irritating effect on the mucous membranes rabbit eye shells (the average cumulative score of the severity of the irritating effect of samples of liquid fertilizers No. 1, No. 4, No. 5 was 1-3 points, solid fertilizers No. 2, No. 3 - 1-2 points), the absence of a sensitizing effect in guinea pigs within the standard research protocol (reactions of specific leukocyte lysis (RSLL) showed negative skin tests in guinea pigs of all experimental groups; the relative percentage of lysis did not exceed 10%). Research limitation. The definition of the hazard class was revealed in the study of the acute toxic effect of new complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements on the body of laboratory animals. Conclusion. Generalization of all the obtained results of experimental toxicological studies of complex chlorine-free nitroge","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72586984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}