The Scientific Journal Grain Crops最新文献

{"title":"Influence of weather conditions and varietal characteristics on the formation of structural elements of soft winter wheat yield in the Northern Steppe","authors":"I. I. Hasanova, N. Nozdrina, M. V. Yerashova, O. Pedash","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0210","url":null,"abstract":"Probability. The key task of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy is to ensure a stable winter wheat yield in the face of climate change and the introduction of new intensive varie-ties. It should be noted that most of the mechanisms of formation of increased productivity of win-ter wheat are not yet fully understood and require additional research. Issues. Productivity of winter wheat depends largely on the variety and influence of environmental factors, and is closely related to all processes of plant growth and development. Scientific substantiation of optimal development of its main structural elements is necessary to further increase the yield. Purpose. To identify the influence of weather conditions and varietal characteristics on the formation of yield structure ele-ments of soft winter wheat in the Northern Steppe. Materials and methods. The research was con-ducted on black fallow (on the background N0-30P60K30) and after spring barley (on the background N60P60K30) in the fields of the Research Farm \"Dnipro\" SE Institute of Grain Crops NAAS in ac-cordance with generally accepted recommendations. Results. The productive plant density of winter wheat is one of the main elements of the yield structure, and the most critical conditions for the formation of plant density were in the 2011/12 growing year. The number of productive stems after spring barley depending on the variety was 166–215 pcs/m2, and on black fallow – 249–416 pcs/m2. The level of biological yield depending on the predecessor varied between 194–264 and 369–478 g/m2. In the years of research, the maximum yield was formed on black fallow: in 2012–2014 for Lytanivka and Zamozhnist varieties (664 and 658 g/m2), and in 2016-2018 - in Pylypivka variety (766 g/m2). Conclusions. Hydrothermal factors during the growing season have a significant effect on the condition of winter crops. Arid conditions in autumn and spring-summer significantly reduce the productive plant density, and, consequently, biological yield, especially after non-fallow prede-cessors. It was determined that some varietal pattern are in the formation of next structural yield elements, such as ear length, number of productive spikelets and grains per ear, thousand grain weight. Keywords: winter wheat, variety, predecessor, productive plant density, ear grain weight, thousand grain weight, biological yield.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72967138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of the response of the productivity potential of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) hybrids on agroclimatic conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Z. Mazur","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0206","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Adaptive properties and the plant resistance to adverse environmental factors greatly influence obtaining a high and stable yield, especially in adverse and extreme weather conditions. Issues. The introduction of modern Ukrainian varieties of winter rye with high adaptive properties makes it possible to solve the problem of stabilization of grain yield and production. Aim. To determine the adaptive potential of the best cytoplasmic male sterile hybrids in the environmental variety testing system. Material and methods. The initial material for research was varieties, hybrids and lines of winter rye with recessive control of stem length, donors of self-fertility and cytoplasmic male sterility from the collection of the Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station at the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets NAAS Ukraine. We have performed the research according to generally accepted methods. The response degree of genotypes to the variability of environmental conditions and the breeding value of hybrids were characterized by the coefficient of ecological plasticity b1. Results.The influence of climatic conditions on the winter rye yield was studied and the assessment of ecological plasticity and stability of hybrids was given. Based on the results of research, it is possible to recommend for cultivation of winter rye hybrids which give a stable yield regardless of weather conditions and with regression coefficient of not less than 1.0 and a minimum mean deviation from the regression line. Conclusions. During 2015–2019, approbation of hybrids was carried out in 8 regional State centers for plant variety examination of Ukraine. According to the results of the State Scientific and Technical Examination, Wals hybrid was included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Spreading in Ukraine since 2020 and was recommended for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Key words: winter rye, hybrid, growing environment, ecological plasticity, yield.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78377503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the optimal heterotic model of mid-ripening maize hybrids in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Yuliya Kupar, B. V. Dziubetsky, V. Cherchel, M. S. Olkhovik","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0201","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Currently, we can use more effectively the initial material of the working collection due to targeting certain heterosis models. Information about the advantages of different heterotic models in certain cultivation areas makes it easier to search for successful combinations and the selection of promising initial material. Issues. Тo identify of the most promising heterotic models of maize hybrids developed with using lines of different genetic plasms, which characterized by high yields and low grain moisture content compared to standard hybrids adapted to cultivation in the Northern Steppe. Aim. To determine the economic value of maize hybrids developed with using different germplasm lines and the most promising heterotic models for each genoplasm group. To investigate how the plant growing conditions influence on economic valuable indicators of hybrids depending on their genetic origin. Materials and Methods. Visual Method was used for phenological observations; Field and Laboratory Method was used to determine of morphobiological characteristics of plants; Measuring Weight Method – to determine the plant yield and metric characteristics; Mathematical and Statistical Method – to determine the reliability of results, the trait variability indicators, correlation dependence of traits; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); comprehensive assessment of morphobiological and economically valuable characteristics of inbred lines and hybrids based on different genetic plasms. Results. It was found that testcrosses based on the Lancaster x Iodent model were the most stable by grain yield. However, in the average of three years of research, the highest average level (6.31 t/ha) was recorded in Mixed x Lancaster testcrosses. It was selected testcrosses with a higher grain yield compared to standard hybrids, such as DK3044xDK315, DK3151xDK4454, DK3151xDK3155 and DK365xDK6356 which had a yield of 8.0; 7.59; 7.18; 7.17 t/ha, respectively. We observed the best ratio of yield to grain moisture content (harvest index RH/M) in hybrid combinations of Lancaster x Mixed. Conclusions. It was determined the best testcrosses according to the ratio of yield to grain moisture content: DK315CxDK3821 (Mixed x BSSS) – 0.51; DK633/325xDK365 (Mixed x Iodent) – 0.51; DK365xDK6356 (Iodent x Lancaster) – 0.51; DK3044xDK315 (Lancaster x Mixed) – 0.56; DK3151xDK3155 (BSSS x Mixed) – 0.55; DK633/325xDK3155 (Lancaster x Mixed), based on which are developing the mid-ripening maize hybrids adapted to Steppe zone of Ukraine. Key words: maize, hybrid, line, germplasm, heterotic model, testcross, grain yield and moisture content at harvesting.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of fertilizer system on winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) productivity in the condition of drained soddy podzolic soil of Рolissia","authors":"O. Savchuk, A. Melnichuk, O. Drebot","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0214","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Currently, the search for ways to improve the efficiency of triticale production on drained soils under conditions of climate change is a necessary and urgent task, since there is no scientific research to improve the technology of growing this agricultural crop under such conditions. Issues. In the Polissia of Ukraine, triticale can solve the problem of increasing grain production, considering the high adaptive properties to growing conditions and the genetic potential of yield and product quality. Aim. To study the formation peculiarities of winter triticale grain yield and quality at different levels of organomineral fertilization, and determine the most economically justified fertilizer system on drained sod-podzolic soil in conditions of moisture deficit. Methods. Stationary experiment was established; the grain quality was determined with laboratory research method, and experimental data were processed using the Microsoft Office Excel computer program. Results. Research conducted in 2016–2020 found that during the triticale grain formation and filling, the productive moisture reserves of drained sod-podzolic soil in the 0–100 cm layer decreased to a critical level of 60–80 mm (130–200 mm was accounted for by the period of growth resumption). Under conditions of low soil moisture, when using biological fertilizer system (pea-oat mix by-product), grain yield was 2.62 t/ha, and the increase compared to the absolute control was to 14.9 %. On the background of predecessor by-products, when mineral fertilizers were applied in the recommended rate for the zone (N60P60K60), grain yield increased to 3.65 t/ha. The high yield of triticale grain (4.14 t/ha) was established when using increased (intensive) rate of mineral fertilizer N90P90K90 with separate nitrogen application in three stages (N30 – at sowing, N30 – stem elongation, N30 – grain formation) combined with by-products. It was noted that indicators of winter triticale grain quality depended on the fertilizer system. Thousand grain weight was 46.5–50.2 g, the maximum val-ues were in the high agronomic background. Grain volume weight was within 674–682 g/l, the difference between the variants was insignificant. Grain protein content on fertilized backgrounds was 11.8–12.7 %, when the rate was increased to N90P90K90 – 13.1 %, which is 1.2 % more than on the control variant. Conclusions. It was determined that the highest level of profitability of winter triticale cultivation was 144 % when by-products were used in the biological fertilization system. The N90P90K90 fertilizer system combined with by-products produced the highest grain yield (4.14 t/ha) and protein content (13.1 %), but profitability of triticale cultivation decreased to 77 %. Studies have shown that mineral fertilizers increase the yield and improve the grain quality while reducing the profitability of growing the crop. Keywords: triticale, fertilizer system, improved land, moisture supply, productivity, grain quali","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73217906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of bioactive preparations as an element of ecologization of soybean cultivation","authors":"O. Vlasyuk, L. Kvasnitska","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0213","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In the world, the biologicalization of agriculture is determined not only by environmental and social, but also economic problems. Therefore, it is urgent to find and implement effective energy-saving and environmentally safe elements of crop cultivation technologies, in particular, the application of physiologically active preparations, such as plant growth stimulators and microelements. Issues. The effectiveness of stimulants, macro- and microelements depends on doses, forms, application terms and methods, environmental factors. Bioactive preparations require study, economic and ecological justification, adapt to the soil and climatic conditions of a specific ecological and geographical zone. Aim. To determine the optimal variants of mineral fertilizers application in combination with foliar dressing as well as treatment of seeds and plants of soybean varieties with bioactive preparations for 15–20 % productivity increase and biologicalization of crop cultivation. Methods. The field method was used to investigate the interaction of the studied factors on the plant growth and development and productivity of soybean; quantitative-weight method – to determine the yield structure; laboratory method – to determine the soil moisture content, mathematical and statistical method - to analyse and establish the reliability of the obtained results. Results. The research results showed that the indicators of productivity, energy assessment and moisture consumption for yield formation depend on influence of macro- and microfertilizers, treatment of soybean seeds and plants with Vympel stimulant and Oracle microfertilizer on different nutrition backgrounds. It was determined that the studied methods of seed treatment and foliar dressing ensured an increase in the soybean seed yield of Diadema Podillia variety by 0.09–0.67 t/ha, and of Samorodok variety by 0.12–0.65 t/ha depending on the level of mineral nutrition. At the same time, application of N10P26K26 resulted in an increase in soybean seed yield of Diadema Podillia variety compared to the control (without fertilizer) by 0.45–0.88 t/ha, the Samorodok variety – 0.36–0.46 t/ha; and when applying N20P52K52, the increase was 0.78–0.85 and 0.64–0.71 t/ha, respectively., 0.78–0.85 and 0.64–0.71 t/ha. Among all the studied variants, the highest seed yield of Diadema Podillya variety (2.93 t/ha) and Samorodok variety (2.80 t/ha) was obtained when pre-sowing seed treatment with Vympel-K, Oracul seeds, Oracul colofermin molybdenum was combined with treatment of plants in 2–3 true leaves stage with Vympel, and in the beginning of budding stage with Vympel, Oracul multicomplex, Oracul colofermin molybdenum, Oracul colofermin boron on the background of N20P52K52. The increase to absolute control (0.79 and 0.85 t/ha or 30.8 and 43.6 %, respectively) was obtained with the lowest moisture consumption for yield formation. In the same variant, but on the background of N10P26K26, the most energy efficiency rat","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85622639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of short-term crop rotations under different fertilization systems in the insufficient moisture zone of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Yu.V. Mashchenko, I. Semeniaka, M. Cheriachukin, O. M. Hryhoreva","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0220","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In the condition of insufficient moisture in the Right Bank Steppe of Ukraine, agriculture is associated with weather risks, non-compliance with the appropriate structure of sown areas and fertilization systems, which makes it difficult to obtain high and stable yields of agricultural crops. The development of agricultural systems is the basis for increasing both yield levels and the competitiveness of the agricultural industry as a whole. Aim. To study the influence of fertilization systems on the fertility of ordinary chernozems and crop productivity in biological short-term crop rotations. Methods. Field trial, laboratory, statistical methods. Results. It was found that the field crops of both grain-fallow-row and grain-row crop rotations were formed the highest productivity under high level of fertilization. Under different fertilization systems, it was noted that the productivity of grain-fallow-row crop rotation is higher than grain-row crop rotation by 8.3 t/ha or by 5.6 %. The productivity of both crop rotations was increased by an average of 6.4–7.8 % due to the application of microbial preparations against the background of mineral and organomineral fertilization systems. The content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in all variants of both crop rotations increased due to studied fertilizer rates, but these rates were insufficient to maintain the content of nitrogen and humus at the initial level. In both crop rotations, it was noted that the lowest degree of \"burning\" humus was on the background of the organomineral fertilizers. When organomineral fertilizers were applied in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation, this indicator was 0.50 % that was 0.06 % less compared to variant with the mineral fertilization and control, and in grain-row crop rotation, this indicator was 0.46 % that was less by 0.11 and 0.06 %, respectively. Conclusions. Profit at the level (on average) of UAH 9114.4/ha was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation, it is more by UAH 1039/ha, or 11.4 % compared to grain-row crop rotation. The advantage was that the predecessor residues in the organomineral fertilizer system was used as organic fertilizer, which have a positive effect on the synthesis of organic matter in the soil, productivity and economic efficiency. Keywords: crop rotations, fertilizers, yield, productivity, soil fertility, economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88038273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity of CO2 emissions of sod-podzolic soil depending on fertilization and lime application","authors":"V. Polovyi, G. Rovna, L. Yashchenko, B. Huk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0219","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. With climate change, agricultural production accounts for about 15 % of green-house gas emissions. Disbalance of organic carbon decreases the environmental sustainability and productivity of agroecosystems and soil fertility. With soil management, the intensity of carbon monoxide emission from the soil can reduce to optimize its organic matter. Issues. There is a crucial need to study and analyze comprehensively the effects of different rates of chemical meliorants and mineral fertilizers for crops in the Western Polissia crop rotation on the volume of CO2 emissions from sod-podzolic soil. Aim. To study the characteristic features of carbon dioxide emissions from sod-podzolic soil during winter wheat and spring barley cultivation with different rates of meliorants and fertilizers. Materials and Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical and statistical methods. Results. On the background of mineral fertilization, land reclamation with limestone materials at 0.5 and 1.0 rates determined by the hydrolytic acidity of the soil generally decreases CO2 emissions into the air. During the growing season, depending on the development stage of spring barley, the level of carbon dioxide emission in the variant with N90P90K90 was 89.8–68.3–63.5 mg CO2/kg soil, and in combination with 1.0 rate of dolomite powder – 83.1–59.8–63.6 mg CO2/kg soil. It is noted that the intensity of CO2 accumulation in the surface layer depended on rates of ameliorant, soil moisture and temperature. Thus, the carbon dioxide emission in a winter wheat field was the highest when 1.5 rates of dolomite powder were applied on the background of N120P60K90 , and in the stem elongation stage at air temperature 13.2 ℃ was 77.7 mg CO2/kg of soil. When air temperature increased to 22.0 ℃ in the heading stage, this indicator increased by 1.2 times and at air temperature of 20.4 ℃ in the full maturity stage, it decreased by 1.3 times. When 1.0 rate of dolomite powder was applied, CO2 emission decreased to 18.2 mg CO2/kg of soil compared with 1.5 rates in the full maturity stage of wheat due to the intensity of redox processes in the soil when different rates of limestone materials was applied. Conclusions. In the short-term crop rotation, lime application had a positive effect on the for-mation of deficit-free balance of organic carbon in sod-podzolic soil with intensive application of mineral fertilizers for crops. When we applied 1.0 and 1.5 rates of dolomite powder on the background of N120P60K90 in winter wheat crops, the organic carbon balance was 0.35–0.28 t/ha, in spring barley crops on the background of N90P90K90 – 0.10–0.16 t/ha. Key words: winter wheat, spring barley, land reclamation, fertilizers, carbon dioxide, balance.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88350724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of growth and development of winter wheat plants depending on the variety, sowing date and predecessor in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Ya. V. Astakhova","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0217","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Researches aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the formation of highly productive crops with the introduction into production of new intensive winter wheat varieties with various biological characteristics and due to significant climatic changes are becoming increasingly important. Issues. The plant growth and development in natural conditions depends on a complex of external factors. A favorable combination of these factors enhances growth processes, while a lack or excess of them weakens the development of plants. At the same time, the root system and aboveground vegetative mass development of winter cereals is significantly influenced by predecessors and sowing dates. In addition, each of the varieties responds differently to these factors. Purpose. To study of the characteristics of plant growth and development of different varieties of soft and durum winter wheat depending on sowing dates and predecessor in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. During 2016–2018, Lastivka Odeska and Holubka Odeska varieties of soft winter wheat and Burshtyn variety of durum winter wheat were sown. Field researches were conducted according to generally accepted methods. Results. It was found that when winter wheat was sown on September 7, plants were higher, the number of shoots, nodal roots, leaves and above-ground vegetative mass was significantly greater. In the conditions of 2017, at the growth cessation in the autumn, no tillering plants of the late sowing (October 7) occurred. At the growth resumption in the spring, the leaf surface area and plant weight decreased in the crops of the early sowing. Conclusions. Among the agrotechnical methods of winter wheat cultivation, the sowing dates influence significantly on the biometric indicators of plants. Early sowing led to overgrowth of plants, and thus the leaf area and weight of plants decreased during the winter. In the spring, at the time of growth resumption, it was observed that the number of shoots and nodular roots increased for all sowing dates. The plants grew and developed better on the black fallow compared to the stubble predecessor. The height, leaf area and weight of 100 dry plants of the Lastivka Odeska and Holubka Odeska varieties of soft winter wheat exceeded similar indicators of durum wheat Burshtyn. Keywords: winter wheat, sowing date, variety, predecessor, biometric indicators, leaf area.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84936332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic efficiency of two-stage separation of maize hybrid seeds","authors":"D. Kovalov, E. Fedorenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0208","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. During harvest and post-harvest processing, maize seeds are a mixture that consists of seeds of different quality, size, and weight. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the seeds, i.e. divide the mixture into separate homogeneous fractions. The number of fractions varies depending on the evenness of the mixture and separation methods. Aim. To establish the pattern of fractional separation of maize hybrid seeds, develop methods for their cleaning and sorting in post-harvest processing technologies, and calculate the economic efficiency of a new two-stage separation method. Materials and methods. In the experiments, we used maize hybrids developed by the Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS, which were separated on sieves with round and oblong holes. The two-stage sepa-ration method was as follows: the first stage, the sieve of grain separator in the throughs and tailing mode separates the mixture into two groups of seed (the sieve holes with a diameter of 8–9 mm or ob-long holes with a width of 5.5–6 mm and a length of 20 mm); the second stage, a grain separator (one or two) sorts each group into a given number of seed fractions (the sieve holes with a diameter of 5–8 mm or oblong holes with a width of 3.75–4.50 mm). Results. Our research has determined the features of separation of the studied hybrid seeds according to various traits and methods. Firstly, the field germination of the seed fractions selected on the trait of seed width was higher compared to seeds selected on the trait of seed thickness. Secondly, separation on the trait of seed thickness is effective only for increasing seed uniformity. The new two-stage separation method was tested in the Research Farm LLC Agrofirma ART Zolotoi Kolos (Dnipropetrovsk region) during separation of maize hybrid seeds harvested in 2018–2020. As a result of fractional separation by a new method, it was obtained the standard seeds of maize hybrids with a germination rate of 95–96 %, a growth rate of 85–90 % without any seed injury. Conclusions. In the technologies of post-harvest processing and pre-sowing preparation, it is recommended to use a two-stage separation method when the seeds are divided into two sowing groups with further separation into the required number of fractions. Separation is carried out on flat sieves with a size of holes depending on the shape of the seeds. The productivity of grain separators increased by 20 %, and the specific energy consumption decreased by 8 % due to the two-stage separation. The overall economic effect was in the form of energy savings of UAH 1.8 per ton of seeds. In addition, the net profit from sowing with high-quality seeds was 6,233 UAH per 1 ha. Key words: maize, hybrids, separation, field germination, economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74903880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of growth regulators on the sunflower growth and development in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"A. I. Tsyliuryk, M. Rumbakh, A. A. Izhboldin, O. Bondarenko, N. Nozdrina, Ya. V. Ostapchuk","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0209","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. In addition to mineral and organic fertilizers, microfertilizers and plant growth regulators should be used more widely to eliminate negative factors (excessive man-made load, deterioration of water, nutrient regimes and soil humus condition) and to improve the sunflower nutrition system. Issues. Growth regulators intensify the development of the leaf surface, activate the basic life functions of sunflower plants: membrane processes, cell division, respiration and nutrition, enzyme systems activity, photosynthesis, and create a branched root system with enhanced absorption capacity. Purpose. To study the influence of growth regulators with different action on the morphogenesis, sunflower growth and development and productivity of different maturity groups in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The field trials were established and carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research.. The experimental part of the work was performed during 2018–2020 in the research field of the National Research Center at the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in the stationary experiment of the Crop Production Department in five-field crop rotation: clean fallow – winter wheat – maize – barley – sunflower. Spraying sunflower plants with growth regulators Vympel K-2 (0.7 l/ha), Architect (0.5 l/ha) and Ce-ron (0.5 l/ha) was carried out in the 6–8th pair of leaves stage. Results. When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced, but such indicators as leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased. y. Conclusions. The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha. In this case, sunflower plants formed the largest heads with diameter of 23–26 cm (11.5–30.4 % more than the control), and the maximum number of seeds per head was 863–925.3 pieces that exceeded the control by 3, 4–5.6 %. The highest thousand seed weight (54.0–60.0 g) was for the mid-early hybrid Sumico HTS, and the lowest (51–55 g) – for the mid-late Subaro HTS that is explained by the biological characteristics of the hybrids. The crop yield increased by 1.05–1.17 times due to the application on sunflower of plant growth regulators. The largest increase in grain yield for all hybrids (0.22–0.27 t/ha, or 13.5–14.8 %) was provided with Ceron (0.5 l/ha). The application of Ceron (0.5 l/ha) and Architect (0.5 l / ha) growth regulators increased oil content by 3–8 and 4–6 percentage points, respectively. Keywords: sunflower, hybrids, growth regulators, leaf surface area, chlorophyll, yield, seed quality.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}