G. López-Gamboa , J.L. Luna-Sánchez , J.L. Jiménez-Pérez , U.O. García-Vidal , Z.N. Correa-Pacheco , D. Saucedo-Jiménez , G. Cruz Nicolás
{"title":"Monitoring sunlight-induced dye detoxification in wastewater using TWRC technique","authors":"G. López-Gamboa , J.L. Luna-Sánchez , J.L. Jiménez-Pérez , U.O. García-Vidal , Z.N. Correa-Pacheco , D. Saucedo-Jiménez , G. Cruz Nicolás","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized AgTiO<sub>2</sub> y Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) irradiated by direct sunlight to degrade methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine 6 G (R6G) organic dyes was evaluated. To study their degradation, optical (UV–vis spectroscopy) and photothermal (thermal wave resonant cavity, TWRC) techniques were used. From the optical results 73.4 % of absorbance were obtained for the AgTiO<sub>2</sub> NPs in the UV–vis region and 84.2 % were observed for the Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> NPs in the visible region. TWRC kinetics showed that the thermal diffusivity decreased as sunlight exposure times (from 0 to 80 min) increased. The lowest thermal diffusivity was obtained for MB/Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O with a value of 19.43 ± 0.009 × 10<sup>–4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>•s<sup>-1</sup> for 80 min. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) particles sizes of 12.97 ± 3.5 and 22.95 ± 6.9 nm were obtained for the AgTiO<sub>2</sub> and Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> NPs, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed crystalline structure of the NPs. Elemental composition and functional groups were assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. These NPs as catalysts have proven to be very efficient due to their high photosensitivity, non-toxicity, chemical stability, low cost, easy acquisition and for being environmentally friendly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"749 ","pages":"Article 180025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on thermal decomposition behavior of benzoyl peroxide under the influence of three impurities","authors":"Zhen Xu, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article focuses on the thermal safety issues of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Using C80 microcalorimeter and TG-FTIR-MS/TG-MS combination instrument, the thermal decomposition behavior and mechanism of its pure substance and mixed with H<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH were studied. The influence of different impurities and heating rates on the thermodynamic parameters of benzoyl peroxide was compared and analyzed. It was found that the addition of impurities resulted in the average activation energy <span><math><mover><mrow><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></math></span>(BPO)><span><math><mover><mrow><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></math></span> (BPO<img>NaOH)><span><math><mover><mrow><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></math></span>(BPO<img>H<sub>2</sub>O)><span><math><mover><mrow><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover></math></span> (BPO<img>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). Moderate amounts of water, acid, and base can promote the thermal decomposition of BPO, while excessive amounts can inhibit it. The mechanism of BPO thermal decomposition can be altered by the influence of different additives</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"750 ","pages":"Article 180037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlie Ma , Matias Eriksson , Bodil Wilhelmsson , Mikael Wendel , Markus Broström
{"title":"Carbonation of quicklimes during cooling in moderate and high CO2 atmospheres","authors":"Charlie Ma , Matias Eriksson , Bodil Wilhelmsson , Mikael Wendel , Markus Broström","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four limestones were calcined in atmospheres containing moderate (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>30%) and high (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>100%) CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and the carbonation characteristics of the quicklimes during cooling in these atmospheres were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The carbonation rates, extents, and onset temperatures varied depending on the atmosphere and parent limestone type. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the quicklimes produced from sedimentary limestones exhibited larger pores and thicker structures, especially after calcination in the high CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. The quicklimes produced from metamorphic limestones exhibited smaller pores among finer structures, with no major observed differences due to the different calcination atmospheres. However, the carbonation extents differed more in the quicklimes produced from metamorphic limestones after calcination in the different atmospheres, and their carbonation rates were also generally higher. Pore filling was observed in all carbonated quicklimes. Practically, the results indicate significant carbonation of all the tested quicklimes when cooling is conducted in atmospheres containing moderate or high levels of CO<sub>2</sub>. This has ramifications for processes where such conditions can occur, especially if excessive carbonation is unacceptable; e.g., in the cooling zone of electrified lime-based production kilns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"750 ","pages":"Article 180022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timur A. Mukhametzyanov , Jürn W.P. Schmelzer , Christoph Schick
{"title":"KJMA-exponent for the cold crystallization in the stepwise crystallization approach","authors":"Timur A. Mukhametzyanov , Jürn W.P. Schmelzer , Christoph Schick","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stepwise crystallization approach is an extension of the classical Tammann's two stage nuclei development method. In Tammann’s method, crystal nuclei are formed at a given nucleation temperature and are grown up to macroscopic sizes at a higher development temperature. The effects on the number and sizes of the clusters caused by heating from the nucleation to the growth temperature are widely neglected there. The number and sizes of the crystals are typically determined by microscopy. The stepwise crystallization approach employs calorimetry for similar purposes. Instead of the second (development) stage of Tammann's method, stepwise crystallization analyzes the thermal effects evolving during the heating stage. A comparison of the magnitudes of the cold crystallization enthalpy registered during heating of the samples after isothermal (annealing) stage allows estimating the amount of crystal nuclei. Dependence of the magnitude of cold crystallization enthalpy on the annealing time provides in this way information on the nucleation kinetics of the respective material. The parametrization of kinetics is typically performed by fitting experimental data with Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami type equations. The interpretation of the resulting parameters is not straightforward because the magnitude of cold crystallization effects depends not only on the sample state but also on the heating conditions. Here, the dependence of cold crystallization enthalpy on isothermal (annealing) and heating conditions is treated theoretically to estimate the expected values of model parameters for homogeneous nucleation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"750 ","pages":"Article 180036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantification of hydroxide in co-precipitated nickel, manganese, cobalt carbonate precursor via TG-MS analyses","authors":"Valérie Charbonneau , François Larouche , Kamyab Amouzegar , Gervais Soucy , Jocelyn Veilleux","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant obstacle associated with the synthesis of carbonate precursors for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC) is the concurrent precipitation of nickel hydroxide. Depending on the synthesis conditions and on the desired transition metals stoichiometric ratio, nickel may precipitate solely in its hydroxide form, even with excess carbonate present in the synthesis medium. The present work investigates the use of thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) technique to quantify the dehydration, dehydroxylation and decarbonation of such mixed precursors. A calibration curve built for the dehydroxylation of nickel hydroxide with a copper sulfate internal standard allowed for the differentiation of sample weight loss associated to either hydrates or hydroxides. Thereafter, the numerical deconvolution of derivative TG and MS peaks obtained for NMC precursors enabled the calculation of atomic percentages of metal hydroxides and carbonates. Various commonly cited mathematical models for deconvolution are examined to investigate the quality of fitted data. According to this research, asymmetric double sigmoidal functions best represented the TG-MS data obtained for NMC carbonate precursors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"750 ","pages":"Article 180035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diffusion kinetics and Rockwell-C adhesion properties in thermochemical pack chroming of HEAs","authors":"Ersan Mertgenç , Hicri Yavuz , Melih Özçatal","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CrMnFeCoNi alloy produced in a protective gas atmosphere by arc melting, the surface was chromed with the thermochemical method pack chroming, at three different application temperatures and times. It was observed that a flat and continuous chrome layer was formed and the layer cracks which are present at low temperatures, did not form as the temperature increased. Depending on the temperature and time, the chrome layer thickness varies between 4 µm and 14 µm. Cr, (Cr, Ni, Fe), Mn, and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phases were detected on the chromium layer surfaces due to the elements in the HEA and the chrome coating. The activation energy value of the chromed HEA was calculated as 113.654 kJ/mol. According to the Rockwell-C adhesion test, the damage types detected were classified as HF1, HF3 and HF4, and the adhesion of the coating was determined to be at an acceptable level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"749 ","pages":"Article 180027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat transfer phenomena in a finite circular channel with biomass transported by a rotating shaftless screw heated by an electric current","authors":"Stanisław Ledakowicz , Olexa Piddubniak","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we simulate heat transfer in a finite cylindrical circular chanell filled with biomass as pseudo-liquid moving with constant velocity by means of a shaftless screw rotation. The screw acts as a heat source due to the Joule-Lenz effect. The channel lateral surface is thermally insulated, and the Newton boundary conditions are fulfilled at the ends of the channel. To solve this new initial-boundary value problem, the method of expanding the desired temperature into a Fourier-Bessel series over angular and radial variables, as well as the integral Laplace transform over time, was used. The problem in the transforms is solved by replacing the unknown functions in such a way that inhomogeneous ordinary differential equations are transformed into homogeneous differential equations. As a result, an exact solution of the problem was obtained in the field of originals. A detailed numerical analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the temperature field was performed. It is shown that due to the absence of the internal shaft of the screw with its additional reflective surface, the amplitudes of temperature oscillations in the quasi-stationary regime are quite weak, on the order of 0.02 K. However, they are clearly manifested when analyzed in certain directions, especially at appropriately selected velocities of the screw rotation and rectilinear movement of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"750 ","pages":"Article 180026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite element modeling of banana slices in convective drying, studies on isotropic shrinkage kinetics using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach","authors":"Rahul Das , Makdud Islam , Praveen Saini , Gadhave Ram Kaduji , Ravneet Kaur , Shubhra Shekhar , Kamlesh Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study develops a mathematical model for describing the thin-layer drying kinetics of green banana slices at drying temperatures of 50, 60, 70, and 80℃. The three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate simultaneous heat and moisture transfer (HMT) in a disc shaped banana slice during convective drying. The dehydration temperature was further optimized using color and antioxidant properties. Experimental drying data were fitted to twelve thin-layer drying models, with the Hasibuan and Daud model best fitting at 50℃ and 60℃ (R<sup>2</sup> of 0.998 and 0.999) and Bolbay and Sahin model at 70, and 80℃ (R<sup>2</sup> of 0.997 and 0.999). Using COMSOL Multiphysics, FEM analysis captured spatial temperature, moisture distribution, and isotropic shrinkage via Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approaches. Predicted moisture content, surface temperature, and shrinkage characteristics aligned closely with experimental results, validating the model's ability to predict the convective drying process. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed that effective moisture diffusivity (D<sub>eff</sub>) and heat transfer coefficient (h<sub>T</sub>) significantly influenced model predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"749 ","pages":"Article 180024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride and co-pyrolysis with maize cob: Insight into product composition and thermal behaviour","authors":"Wojciech Jerzak, Aneta Magdziarz","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste can be a good candidate as feedstock for co-pyrolysis with biomass. However, the high chlorine content in PVC pyrolysis products constitutes a barrier to their use. One way to eliminate chlorine from PVC is dehydrochlorination. This study explores the co-pyrolysis of maize cob with dehydrochlorinated PVC, focusing on product yields, chlorine distribution, and thermal interactions. Virgin PVC was dehydrochlorinated at 593 K, achieving 99 % chlorine removal, and its thermal behaviour was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the three heating rates studied: 5, 10 and 30 K/min, HCl was the main compound released up to 593 K. Lab-scale co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 873 K with varying biomass-to-PVC mass ratios. Increasing the PVC content enhanced oil yield and aromatic compound formation, slightly increased char carbon content, and redistributed chlorine predominantly into the oil phase. The gas phase was enriched with hydrocarbons such as methane, ethene, and ethane. The results indicate that dehydrochlorinated PVC alters biomass pyrolysis pathways, promoting deoxygenation reactions and reducing char formation. These findings provide insights into optimizing co-pyrolysis conditions for improved product quality, demonstrating the potential of dehydrochlorinated PVC as a carbon-rich additive for thermochemical biomass conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"749 ","pages":"Article 180023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manami Shindo , Aya Ueoku , Wakana Okamura , Shin Kikuchi , Atsushi Yamazaki , Nobuyoshi Koga
{"title":"Comparative study of the multistep thermal dehydration/decomposition of geopolymer pastes prepared using different active fillers","authors":"Manami Shindo , Aya Ueoku , Wakana Okamura , Shin Kikuchi , Atsushi Yamazaki , Nobuyoshi Koga","doi":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tca.2025.180021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study focused on the multistep thermal dehydration/decomposition process of geopolymer paste samples prepared using distinct active fillers, including fly ash, blast furnace slag, and metakaolin. Besides the lower water content of the geopolymer materials compared with conventional Portland cement, the thermal dehydration/decomposition occurs as the multistep process. Water evolution behavior is critical for assessing its potential application as a construction material in water-resistant environment. The thermal dehydration/decomposition kinetics also plays a pivotal role in evaluating the thermal stability of geopolymer materials. This article presents the kinetic behavior of the multistep thermal dehydration/decomposition of different geopolymer materials in a stream of dry N<sub>2</sub> or wet N<sub>2</sub> with varying water vapor pressures. This investigation was carried out through a systematic experimental approach and detailed kinetic analysis. This study revealed that, irrespective of the samples, the two-step thermal dehydration/decomposition process occurred after the desorption of absorbed water. The kinetics of the initial reaction process, which is attributed to the thermal dehydration of bounded water, exhibited sensitivity to atmospheric water vapor. In contrast, the kinetics of the subsequent process of the thermal dehydroxylation of the binding phase demonstrated practically invariable behavior, irrespective of the atmospheric water vapor pressure. The latter was identified as a distinctive attribute of the irreversible process and as a pivotal process in determining the thermal stability of geopolymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23058,"journal":{"name":"Thermochimica Acta","volume":"749 ","pages":"Article 180021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}