{"title":"Miniaturized VCOs arm configurable synthesizers","authors":"U. Rohde, A. Poddar","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850280","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that overcomes the past attempts to combine wideband VCO and Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) in one small package (0.6×0.6 inches) for configurable frequency synthesizer operations. Shrinking the size of planar resonator s has led to miniatur ized (0.3×0.3 inches) wideband VCOs that are the building blocks for tiny, high-per formance, PLL-based frequency synthesizers. The typical measured phase noise @ 10 kHz offset for 4950–5500 MHz synthesizer is −90 dBc/Hz with 5V, 30 mA and settling time is less than 1msec, and not limited to this frequency, and be extended from 100 MHz to 12 GHz.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126082035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and evaluating Reliable Real-Time degree in multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"K. Mizanian, Hamed Yousefi, A. Jahangir","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850324","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) should be capable of fulfilling its mission, in a timely manner and without loss of important information. In this paper, we propose a new analytical model for calculating RRT (Reliable Real-Time) degree in multihop WSNs, where RRT degree describes the percentage of real-time data that the network can reliably deliver on time from any source to its destination. Also, packet loss probability is modeled as a function of the probability of link failure when the buffer is full and the probability of node failure when node's energy is depleted. Most of network properties are considered as random variables and a queuing-theory based model is derived. In this model, the effect of network load on the packets delay, RRT degree, and nodes energy depletion rate is considered. Simulation results are used to validate the proposed model. The simulation results agree very well with the model.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116625883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layered video multicast using diversity embedded space time codes","authors":"Ç. Bilen, E. Erkip, Yao Wang","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850306","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional wireless multicast systems, the system is optimized to provide high reliability to users with the worst channel conditions. However this results in a waste of available bandwidth for users with a good channel conditions. In particular for transmission of video, this wasted bandwidth can be used to deliver higher quality video to some of the users. This paper addresses this problem by using diversity embedded space time codes (DESTC) to send multiple layers of video simultaneously. DESTC provides unequal error protection to different video layers, thereby delivering high quality video to users with good channel conditions while still providing acceptable quality to users with poor channel conditions. The performance of DESTC is compared to a single-layer orthogonal space-time code used for single-layer video delivery as well as layered video delivery with time division multiplexing. The results show that the use of DESTC is advantageous over both strategies in multicast video delivery.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130726315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of mobility models on the cell residence time in WLAN networks","authors":"E. Zola, F. Barcelo-Arroyo","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850370","url":null,"abstract":"Several mobility models are available for simulating WLAN, with different impacts on network performance. This work deals with the impact of the assumed mobility model on two key teletraffic variables involved in the planning of the network: the cell residence time (i.e., time connected to an access point) and the handoff rate. These two variables are studied in different scenarios for WLANs designed for pedestrians. For this purpose, discrete event simulations are run with different mobility patterns and number of access points. The time between changes of access point (i.e., handoffs) is studied as a random variable. This research proves the importance of correctly selecting the assumed mobility pattern, as it has a strong impact on the number of handoffs. The probability density function of the cell residence time is also studied as a combination of a distribution that models fast disassociation events (i.e., short ping-pongs between two access points) and a gamma or lognormal distribution, depending on the mobility pattern, which model longer dwells.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129631440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Covert communications using empirical mode decomposition","authors":"A. Roy, J. Doherty","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850326","url":null,"abstract":"A covert communication technique based on the principle of signal overlay is presented here. This technique in its basic form involves a covert transmitter transmitting a message signal that is weak, in relation to, and shares the same frequency band as an existing cover signal. The fact that the two signals overlap in time as well as frequency renders ordinary signal detection techniques ineffective in detecting the presence of the covert signal. The covert receiver uses the empirical mode decomposition technique to extract the signal. This new communication technique is described and its performance studied in this paper.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121755199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of OFDM signals in fast time-varying channels with ICI self-cancellation","authors":"Tsung-Da Hsieh, M. Chang","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850288","url":null,"abstract":"In fast time-varying environments, an OFDM system needs to insert denser pilot symbols among transmitted symbols for tracking the variation of the channel. To reduce the number of pilots, several algorithms including blind, semi-blind, and decision-directed (DD) approaches are proposed. Most of these algorithms assume the channel varies block-wisely, but remain invariant within one OFDM block duration. However, such channel model neglects the inter-(sub)channel interference (ICI) and may be not practical for fast time-varying channels. In this paper, we propose an ICI self-cancellation algorithm under an architecture that could be readily incorporated into an OFDM system that does not take the ICI into consideration. Our algorithm involves only periodic extension and linear combination, and incurs almost no additional complexity. The ICI can be completely removed if the variation of each path in the channel is linear with time during one extended OFDM block. Our algorithm also provides a trade-off between performance and throughput. To validates the proposed algorithm, we incorporate it into an OFDM system with pseudo-pilot (PP) detection. The simulation validates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and that neglecting the ICI in fast time-varying channels is impractical.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116068046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Coulomb force reconfigurable system","authors":"T. Gabara","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850351","url":null,"abstract":"Coulomb forces can be created by placing non-volatile packets of charge on at least two opposing insulated Coulomb plates. Arrays of Coulomb plates can be formed near the surface of several substrates (chips). The Coulomb forces can be used to levitate and move any top substrates juxtaposed and placed over a bottom substrate by dynamically charging/discharging selected plates in the array of Coulomb plates of each opposing substrate. The charge on these plates can be altered using a control unit that dynamically forms a minimum energy surface that allows the elevated substrates to slide into new positions. A larger top substrate can be artificially formed by forcing adjacent elevated substrates together in a patterned sequence to form reconfigurable systems that can be physically adjusted to operate at a particular frequency range or to perform manipulative functions. For instance, Coulomb Force Levitated Systems can allow different antenna structures to be generated on-the-fly.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RF and Microwave Photonic techniques in biomedical applications","authors":"A. Daryoush","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850373","url":null,"abstract":"This invited paper addresses various “Microwave Photonics” techniques developed for biomedical applications. The first application is using RF photonics technique for calibration of ultrasound transducers operating at high-frequencies without spatial field averaging compromise. In particular a broadband fiber-optic based hydrophone probe is reported for measurements of acoustic fields at the frequencies up to 100 MHz. In another application of microwave photonics, tissue spectroscopy is performed using multi-wavelength absorption and scattering in near infrared. A high speed and high power laser driver is designed with a flat frequency response using RC speed up circuits in high power lasers. Phantom experiments are performed to extract optical parameters. Multi-frequency data fitting algorithm is performed to extract optical parameters of the phantom model simulating a breast tissue. The optical parameters (μa, μs') are extracted with a very good accuracy. These low cost techniques are replacement for other expensive sub-centimeter spatial resolution medical imaging methods.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132078364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating topological distances based on end-to-end path sharing","authors":"B. Karaçali, M. Karol","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850296","url":null,"abstract":"Quality of Service (QoS) of large-scale distributed systems depends on the properties of the network connecting the nodes/hosts of the system. Topological information about the underlying network is beneficial for improving the performance, devising reliability schemes, ensuring low overhead, and enhancing the scalability of such systems. Topology information is often obtained with the support of the network infrastructure. Unfortunately, this support is often limited and sometimes not reliable. Various techniques have been proposed to infer useful information about the structure of the IP topology using strictly end-to-end measurements. In this paper, we rely on path sharing information between the nodes of a distributed system collected using end-to-end measurements and explore how much of the logical topology can be inferred using only this information. We propose an algorithm to construct such an inferred graph and evaluate this algorithm by simulations. In the synthetic topologies we considered, error in the estimated distances between the end nodes is on average a negligible fraction of the diameter for the tree topologies and less than 20% of the diameter for denser graphs.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133159681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstruction of streams of impulses from quantized samples using a stochastic algorithm based on Genetic Algorithms","authors":"Aitor Erdozain, P. Crespo","doi":"10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SARNOF.2009.4850282","url":null,"abstract":"Works in the last decades have shown that a large class of parametric non-bandlimited signals can be exactly re-constructed from samples of their filtered versions. In particular, signals x(t) that are linear combinations of a finite number of Diracs per unit of time can be acquired by linear filtering followed by uniform sampling. Nevertheless, when the samples are distorted by noise, many of the early proposed schemes can become ill-conditioned. Recently, a stochastic algorithm that recovers the filtered signal z(t) of x(t), but which fails in the reconstruction of x(t) has been presented. In the present paper, a novel stochastic algorithm which blends together concepts of evolutionary algorithms with those of Gibbs sampling and which successes in recovering x(t) is proposed. This algorithm is adapted to the case where the samples are distorted by quantization noise.","PeriodicalId":230233,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126369288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}