{"title":"The effectiveness of tacrolimus and minidose methotrexate in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a single-center study in Korea.","authors":"Seong Shik Park, So Eun Jun, Young Tak Lim","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.113","url":null,"abstract":"Background Knowledge of the roles of tacrolimus and minidose methotrexate (MTX) in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is limited. We retrospectively evaluated the engraftment status, incidence of aGVHD and chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and toxicities of tacrolimus and minidose MTX in aGVHD prophylaxis in children undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Methods Seventeen children, who underwent allogeneic HSCT and received tacrolimus and minidose MTX as GVHD prophylaxis from March 2003 to February 2011, were reviewed retrospectively. All the patients received tacrolimus since the day before transplantation at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg/day and MTX at a dose of 5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, 6, and 11. Results Of the 17 patients, 9 received human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor transplants, and 8 received HLA-matched, or partially mismatched unrelated donor transplants. The median time for follow-up was 55 months. The incidence of aGVHD in the related and unrelated donor groups was 22.2% and 42.9%, respectively. cGVHD was not observed. To maintain therapeutic blood levels of tacrolimus, the younger group (<8 years of age) required an increased mean dose compared to the older group (≥8 years) (P=0.0075). The adverse events commonly associated with tacrolimus included hypomagnesemia (88%), nephrotoxicity (23%), and hyperglycemia (23%). Conclusion Tacrolimus and minidose MTX were well tolerated and effective in GVHD prophylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Children <8 years of age undergoing HSCT required increased doses of tacrolimus to achieve therapeutic levels.","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"113-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jae-Cheol Jo, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Jung Sun Park, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Sang-Wook Lee, Jin-Sook Ryu, Cheolwon Suh
{"title":"Yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan plus busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (BuCyE) versus BuCyE alone as a conditioning regimen for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.","authors":"Jae-Cheol Jo, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Jung Sun Park, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Sang-Wook Lee, Jin-Sook Ryu, Cheolwon Suh","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radioimmunotherapy agents have a highly significant role in autologous stem cell transplantation as they improve tolerability and increase the efficacy of the conditioning regimen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and toxicity of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) combined with intravenous busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (Z-BuCyE) compared with those of BuCyE alone followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The efficacy, toxicity, and engraftment characteristics were compared between 19 patients who received Z-BuCyE and 19 historical controls who received BuCyE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2 treatment groups shared similar baseline characteristics. The median time to platelet engraftment (>20×10(9)/L) and neutrophil engraftment (>0.5×10(9)/L) did not significantly differ between the Z-BuCyE group (12 days and 10 days, respectively) and the BuCyE group (12 days and 10 days, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to toxicities and treatment-related mortality. The median follow-up period was 30.4 months, and median event-free survival was generally better in the Z-BuCyE group (12.5 months) vs. the BuCyE group (6.2 months, P=0.236). No significant difference in overall survival between the groups was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding ibritumomab tiuxetan to BuCyE high-dose chemotherapy may benefit patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL with no risk of additional toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"119-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyun Hwa Yoon, Seok Jae Huh, Ji Hyun Lee, Suee Lee, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyuk Chan Kwon, Hyo-Jin Kim
{"title":"Should we still use Camitta's criteria for severe aplastic anemia?","authors":"Hyun Hwa Yoon, Seok Jae Huh, Ji Hyun Lee, Suee Lee, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyuk Chan Kwon, Hyo-Jin Kim","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The criteria by Camitta for diagnosis in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) has been used since 1976. However, there has been no attempt to verify the Camitta's criteria, that the survival in patients with SAA may differ by absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count (PLT), and corrected reticulocyte count (CRC), which are components of the Camitta's criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>117 SAA patients diagnosed by the Camitta's criteria were analyzed, retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the factors affecting overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Response by immunosuppressive therapy (IST) or stem cell transplantation (SCT) significantly affected OS (P=0.001). Therefore, we excluded treatment responders for analysis. Finally, 92 SAA patients including treatment non-responders by IST or SCT and conservative care group were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analyses. The median age of analyzed patients was 54.5 years. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The median follow-up duration was 74.23 months (range, 54.71-93.74 months). The median ANC, PLT, and CRC were 394/µL, 12,000/µL, and 0.39%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, ANC <500/µL or ≥500/µL (P=0.015, HR 2.694, 95% CI: 1.20-6.01) and age (P=0.015, HR 1.022, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04) were the significant factors for OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ANC could be an essential, not an optional criterion for diagnosing SAA. This study suggests the possibility that the Camitta's criteria be modified. Studies in large cohorts are needed to transform the Camitta's criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"126-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large cell lymphoma as initial presentation of undetected chronic lymphocytic leukemia.","authors":"Joowon Park","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.90","url":null,"abstract":"which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A 46-year-old man having back pain for 3 weeks showed multiple lymphadenopathy and epidural mass (T7-T10) on physical examination, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Initial complete blood cell counts mature-appearing lymphocytes (62%) (A; Wright stain, ×1,000). Spinal bone biopsy showed diffuse infiltration of large mononuclear cells with prominent nucleoli (B; hematoxylin-eosin stain, ×400), and partial juxtaposition of large cells and small lymphoid cells (C). Large cells were CD10-, CD20-, and CD79a-positive and CD3-, CD5-, and cyclin D1-negative. The patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL). Further, bone marrow (BM) aspirate showed several small lymphoid cells (37%), and large immature cells with occasional cytoplasmic vacuolations (D; Wright stain, ×1,000). Flow cytometric analysis of BM aspirate demonstrated that small lymphoid cells (CD45+/low side scatter) were CD5-, CD19-, CD20-, and CD23-positive and TdT-, CD10-, and FMC7-negative, consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Transformation of CLL to DLBL occurs in 1-10% of CLL cases and has a poor prognosis. The clonality of both neoplasms was not determined in this case. Despite several chemotherapy cycles, the patient died 3 months after diagnosing DLBL.","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soon-Ki Kim, Hyo-Seop Ahn, Hee-Jo Back, Bin Cho, Eun-Jin Choi, Nak-Gyun Chung, Pyoung-Han Hwang, Dae-Chul Jeoung, Hyung-Jin Kang, Hyery Kim, Kyung-Nam Ko, Hong-Hoe Koo, Hoon Kook, Kwang-Chul Lee, Ho-Joon Lim, Young-Tak Lim, Chuhl-Joo Lyu, Jun-Eun Park, Kyung-Duk Park, Sang-Kyu Park, Kyung-Ha Ryu, Jong-Jin Seo, Hee-Young Shin, Ki-Woong Sung, Eun Sun Yoo
{"title":"Clinical and hematologic manifestations in patients with Diamond Blackfan anemia in Korea.","authors":"Soon-Ki Kim, Hyo-Seop Ahn, Hee-Jo Back, Bin Cho, Eun-Jin Choi, Nak-Gyun Chung, Pyoung-Han Hwang, Dae-Chul Jeoung, Hyung-Jin Kang, Hyery Kim, Kyung-Nam Ko, Hong-Hoe Koo, Hoon Kook, Kwang-Chul Lee, Ho-Joon Lim, Young-Tak Lim, Chuhl-Joo Lyu, Jun-Eun Park, Kyung-Duk Park, Sang-Kyu Park, Kyung-Ha Ryu, Jong-Jin Seo, Hee-Young Shin, Ki-Woong Sung, Eun Sun Yoo","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA), characterized by impaired red cell production, is a rare condition that is usually symptomatic in early infancy. The purpose of this study was to assess nationwide experiences of DBA encountered over a period of 20 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 56 patients diagnosed with DBA were retrospectively reviewed from November 1984 to July 2010. Fifteen institutions, including 13 university hospitals, participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The male-to-female ratio of patients with DBA was 1.67:1. The median age of diagnosis was 4 months, and 74.1% were diagnosed before 1 year of age. From 2000 to 2009, annual incidence was 6.6 cases per million. Excluding growth retardation, 38.2% showed congenital defects: thumb deformities, ptosis, coarctation of aorta, ventricular septal defect, strabismus, etc. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 5.1±1.9 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume was 93.4±11.6 fL, and mean number of reticulocytes was 19,700/mm(3). The mean cellularity of bone marrow was 75%, with myeloid:erythroid ratio of 20.4:1. After remission, 48.9% of patients did not need further steroids. Five patients with DBA who received hematopoietic transplantation have survived. Cancer developed in 2 cases (3.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of DBA is similar to data already published, but our study had a male predilection. Although all patients responded to initial treatment with steroids, about half needed further steroids after remission. It is necessary to collect further data, including information regarding management pathways, from nationwide DBA registries, along with data on molecular analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"131-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se-Il Go, Won Sup Lee, Myung Hee Kang, In-Suk Kim, Dong Chul Kim, Jeong-Hee Lee
{"title":"Cyclosporine A treatment for relapsed subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: a case with long-term follow-up.","authors":"Se-Il Go, Won Sup Lee, Myung Hee Kang, In-Suk Kim, Dong Chul Kim, Jeong-Hee Lee","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a distinctive lymphoma characterized by an infiltration of subcutaneous tissue by neoplastic cytotoxic T cells. There was no distinction between TCR alpha/beta phenotype and TCR gamma/delta phenotype, and anthracycline-based chemotherapy was usually used for both. Here, we report a patient with recurrent SPTL who achieved a second long-term complete remission by repeated cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. From 2000 to 2001, the patient received anthracycline-based combination chemotherapy. However, the treatment did not induce long-term remission. In 2002, he received cyclosporine treatment for about 6 months. This resulted in a 5-year remission that ended in relapse in 2008. He received CsA treatment once again and attained a second long-term remission. This case suggests that re-treatment with CsA can be a good option for relapsed SPTL cases and can result in long-term remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"146-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suk-Young Lee, Se Ryeon Lee, Won Jin Chang, Hye Sook Kim, Byung Soo Kim, In Sun Kim
{"title":"Successful treatment of disseminated interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy.","authors":"Suk-Young Lee, Se Ryeon Lee, Won Jin Chang, Hye Sook Kim, Byung Soo Kim, In Sun Kim","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is a very rare and aggressive neoplasm that arises from antigen presenting cells. IDCS usually involves lymph nodes; however, extra-nodal involvement has also been reported. Because a consistent standard therapy for IDCS has not been established to date, we report a case of the successful treatment of disseminated IDCS using ABVD chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine). A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with IDCS on the basis of immunohistochemical findings of a biopsy specimen of the inferior nasal concha. Immunohistochemical staining showed a positive reaction for CD68, leukocyte common antigen, and S-100 protein, but a negative reaction for CD34, CD1a, and CD21. Imaging studies showed cervical and axillary lymphadenopathies, subcutaneous nodules, and a soft tissue lesion in the nasal cavity. Treatment with the ABVD regimen resulted in complete remission after 8 cycles of chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"150-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulatory issues in stem cell therapeutics in Korea: efficacy or efficiency?","authors":"Il-Hoan Oh","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 2","pages":"87-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.2.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30753364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong Eun Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jeong Hoon Kim, Young Hee Yoon, Hyun Sook Chi, Sang Wook Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Cheolwon Suh
{"title":"Relapse pattern and prognostic factors for patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.","authors":"Jeong Eun Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jeong Hoon Kim, Young Hee Yoon, Hyun Sook Chi, Sang Wook Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, Cheolwon Suh","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) rarely relapses in extracranial sites, and no specialized guidelines for follow-up evaluation have been proposed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 65 patients with newly diagnosed PNCSL to evaluate the pattern of relapse and prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 65 patients analyzed, 55 had only parenchymal brain disease, and 10 had both intracranial and extracranial lesions. As a first-line treatment, 29 patients received chemotherapy only (CTx), 13 received chemotherapy followed by whole brain radiotherapy (CTx-WBRT), 18 received chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (CTx-ASCT), 2 received palliative WBRT, and 3 received best supportive care. The overall response rate to the initial treatment was 75.8%, with specific response rates of 62.1% to CTx, 84.6% to CTx-WBRT, and 100% to CTx-ASCT. The complete response (CR) rate was higher with CTx-ASCT than in the absence of ASCT (77.8% vs. 43.2%; P=0.025). After a median follow-up of 18.8 months, the median failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) were 13.0 and 36.1 months, respectively. No systemic relapse without a CNS lesion was noted. Multivariate analysis showed that ASCT was predictive of better FFS but not of OS. Age and the Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center prognostic score were predictive of survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed no systemic relapse without a CNS lesion, suggesting that regular systematic evaluation of extracranial sites may not always be necessary. Age was prognostic of survival irrespective of treatment scheme. ASCT may improve CR rate and FFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 1","pages":"60-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30553682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for neuroblastoma.","authors":"Ki Woong Sung","doi":"10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Although the prognosis of lowand intermediate-risk NB with conventional treatment modalities is excellent, the prognosis of high-risk NB with conventional treatment alone is very poor. The current standard treatment for high-risk NB consists of induction treatment (conventional chemotherapy and surgery with or without local radiotherapy), high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/autoSCT) as a consolidation treatment, and 13-cis-retinoid acid to reduce relapse from minimal residual disease. However, the event-free survival rates are only 30-40%, which is unsatisfactory. For this reason, a few clinical trials of tandem HDCT/autoSCT, high-dose 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) treatment incorporated into HDCT/autoSCT, and anti-GD2 treatment after HDCT/autoSCT, are currently underway to improve the survival of high-risk NB patients. Furthermore, because about half of high-risk NB patients still die from treatment failure, allogeneic SCT (alloSCT) is being investigated as a potential curative option.","PeriodicalId":23001,"journal":{"name":"The Korean Journal of Hematology","volume":"47 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30554572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}