{"title":"Opto-Mechanical Manipulation of Stem Cells","authors":"Hu Zhang, Kuo-Kang Liu, A. E. Haj","doi":"10.2174/1875933500902010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875933500902010010","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells have a great potential for regeneration of injured or degenerated tissues or organs. In delivery of cell therapy, stem cells are normally subjected to different levels of shear stress which may have a great impact on their prolif- eration and differentiation after they reach the target site. Although the shear stress has been recognized as one of key fac- tors, the study on how it affects single stem cell mechanobiologically is not available. This paper reports an application of optical tweezers for manipulating the human mesenchymal stem cells which are exposed to various levels of shear stress in flow chambers. Our preliminary results show different responses of stem cells (the tether formation, cell shrinkage, presence of cell surface nanoparticles, cell rotation before aligning the flow direction) under shear forces in different flow chambers. Also, a few interesting optical characteristics of stem cells have been noticed; for example, the variation of re- fractive index within the cell may lead to different behaviors when they are manipulated by optical tweezers.","PeriodicalId":22993,"journal":{"name":"The Open Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85662358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaibhav Saini, Dmitri V Martyshki, Victoria D Towner, Sergey B Mirov, Maaike Everts
{"title":"Limitations of Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of Gold Nanoparticles to Tumors for Hyperthermia Induction.","authors":"Vaibhav Saini, Dmitri V Martyshki, Victoria D Towner, Sergey B Mirov, Maaike Everts","doi":"10.2174/1875933500902010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875933500902010027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novel combinatorial treatment strategies are desired to achieve tumor eradication. In this regard, nanotechnology and gene therapy hold the potential to expand the available tumor treatment options. In particular, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized for hyperthermic tumor cell ablation. Similarly, adenoviral (Ad) vectors have been utilized for targeting, imaging, and cancer gene therapy. Thus, to combine AuNP-mediated hyperthermia with Ad vector-based gene therapy, we have previously coupled AuNPs to Ad vectors. Herein we tested the capability of these AuNP-coupled Ad vectors for hyperthermic tumor cell ablation. Towards this end, we compared absorption characteristics of different sized AuNPs and determined that in our system 20 nm diameter AuNPs are suitable for laser induced hyperthermic tumor cell killing. In addition, we observed that AuNPs outside and inside the cell contribute differentially towards hyperthermia induction. Unfortunately, due to the limitation of delivery of required amounts of AuNPs to cells, we observed that AuNP-coupled Ad vectors are unable to kill tumor cells via hyperthermia. However, with future technological advances, it may become possible to realize the potential of the multifunctional AuNP-coupled Ad vector system for simultaneous targeting, imaging, and combined hyperthermia and gene therapy of tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":22993,"journal":{"name":"The Open Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3882004/pdf/nihms-539477.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32011971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khaled, B. Abu-Sharkh, A. Khalil, A. Manda, E. Amr
{"title":"Novel Antimicrobial Polyelectrolytes Nanofilm Coatings Using the Layer By Layer Technique","authors":"M. Khaled, B. Abu-Sharkh, A. Khalil, A. Manda, E. Amr","doi":"10.2174/1875933500801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875933500801010001","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method using the layer by layer (LBL) technique was investigated to deposit polyelectrolytes with an- tibacterial properties. A glass substrate was coated by a cationic biguanide followed by the anionic polystyrene sulfonate until a total of twenty layers were deposited. The layers thickness was measured by ellipsometry and the surface morphol- ogy was scanned by an atomic force microscope. The layers thickness reached 60nm. The coated and uncoated glass was immersed into tubes containing a nutrient broth media inoculated with Proteus sp., (a gram negative , rod, glucose fer- menting bacteria) in a concentration of (~10 5 cells/mL) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs showed a significant reduction in the settlement of Proteus sp. Colonies on the glass coated with polyelectrolytes.","PeriodicalId":22993,"journal":{"name":"The Open Nanomedicine Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90755883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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