Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Vidian Neurectomy on the Ocular Surface - The Primary Results from a Six-Month Pilot Study.","authors":"Xichen Wan, Tong Lin, Yunzhen Luo, Jiaxu Hong, Jingyi Cheng, Keqing Zhao","doi":"10.2147/TCRM.S455608","DOIUrl":"10.2147/TCRM.S455608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of vidian neurectomy (VN) on the ocular surface and the possibility of dry eye in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve participants were recruited in this prospective study. Prior to and after 1 and 6 months of VN, an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was obtained, and the Schirmer's tear test (STT), break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescence staining (CFS) score, and Keratograph 5M were used to evaluate the ocular surface condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two patients (16.67%) met the dry eye diagnosis criteria one month after surgery; however, their symptoms were relieved after to 3-4 months and none of them met the diagnostic criteria for dry eye after six months. Compared with the baseline values, the STT was significantly reduced (<i>P</i>=0.002), while the tear meniscus height (TMH) (<i>P</i>=0.262), break-up time (BUT) (<i>P</i>=0.916), first keratographic tear film break-up time (NK-BUT_first) (<i>P</i>=0.791), and average keratographic break-up time (NK-BUT_ave) (<i>P</i>=0.970) did not change significantly 6 months after surgery. The degree of STT decreased from baseline to 6-month and was related to the basic STT (<i>ρ=</i> 0.837, <i>P</i>=0.001) and sex (<i>ρ=</i> -0.584, <i>P</i>= 0.026) but not to age, OSDI score, BUT, NK-BUT_first, NK-BUT_ave or CFS (all <i>P</i>>0.05). Among these factors, STT at baseline was confirmed to be a predictor of a decline in tear secretion after surgery (B = 0.731, <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this 6-month prospective pilot study, decreased tearing was observed after VN, but this decrease did not increase the possibility of dry eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"20 ","pages":"335-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Hidden Blood Loss in Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Yanlei Li, Meng Ge, Jinlong Tian, Jinlei Zhou, Yao Kang, Chen Xia, Haiyu Shao, Yongguang Wang, Yazeng Huang, Tingxiao Zhao","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s462784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s462784","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PE-TLIF) has become one of the most popular minimally invasive surgeries today. However, the issue of hidden blood loss (HBL) in this surgery has received little attention. This study aims to examine the HBL in PE-TLIF surgery and the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood loss.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> In our research, We conducted a retrospective analysis of 300 patients who underwent PE-TLIF from September 2019 to August 2023. They were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received intravenous TXA injection before surgery. The variables compared included: demographic data, pre-and postoperative hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), platelets (PLT), red blood cells (RBC), total blood loss (TBL), visible blood loss (VBL), HBL, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, inflammatory markers, coagulation parameters, and adverse events.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Regarding demographic characteristics, besides the operation time, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the TXA group showed a significant reduction trend in TBL, HBL, and VBL (P &lt; 0.05). On the first day after surgery, there were significant differences in prothrombin (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and D-dimer (D-D) levels between the two groups. Similarly, HCT also found similar results on the third day after surgery. No adverse events occurred in either group.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Research has found that there is a significant amount of HBL in patients undergoing PE-TLIF. Intravenous injection of TXA can safely and effectively reduce perioperative HBL and VBL. Additionally, compared to the control group, the TXA group shows a significant reduction in operation time.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, tranexamic acid, total blood loss, visible blood loss, hidden blood loss<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Variant Omicron","authors":"Xiaolong Wang, Xueying Cao, Shuang Liang, Guangyan Cai","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s458859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s458859","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and identify potential risk factors that contribute to mortality.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective study, conducted on patients with CKD who were admitted to the First Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. All patients were also infected with SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients, and the patients were categorized into a survival group and a death group whose characteristics were compared. Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors that affected patient prognosis.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 406 patients were enrolled in this study, including 298 males (73.4%). The average age was 80.5 (67.0, 88.0) years, and the patients had an average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 50.3 (25.0– 79.0) mL/min/1.73m². A total of 158 individuals died during hospitalization, resulting in a mortality rate of 38.9%. Renal function was worse in the death group than in the survival group (P &lt; 0.001). Patients in the death group had more severe COVID-19 disease and higher CKD staging than those in the survival group (all P values &lt; 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified several risk factors that affected patient mortality, including being male, a higher resting heart rate (RHR) upon admission, dyspnea, a low lymphocyte count (Lym), a high international standardized ratio (INR), a high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, heart failure, and the need for mechanical ventilation during the disease.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Hospitalized patients with CKD who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (38.9%) had a relatively high mortality rate (38.9%). Furthermore, a marked correlation was observed between a reduced eGFR and an increased risk of mortality.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> SARS-CoV-2, estimated glomerular filtration rate, respiratory failure, mortality rate<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes of Open versus Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion","authors":"Liwen Feng, Junbo Liang, Naiguo Wang, Qingyu Zhang","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s447394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s447394","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to preliminarily assess the change in perioperative systemic inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes between open TLIF and BE-TLIF procedures.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> In total, 38 patients who underwent single-level lumbar fusion surgery (L4-5 or L5-S1) were retrospectively reviewed. 19 patients were treated by the BE-TLIF technique, while the other patients were managed using open TLIF. The perioperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of the two groups were compared to determine if there was a statistical difference. Meanwhile, clinical evaluations were conducted to assess various factors including operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), drainage catheter stay, length of hospitalization, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The perioperative analysis revealed that BE-TLIF cases experienced a longer operative duration than open TLIF cases (open TLIF: 138.63 ± 31.59 min, BE-TLIF: 204.58 ± 49.37 min, p &lt; 0.001). Meanwhile, the EBL showed an increased trend in the BE-TLIF group (260.7 ± 211.9 mL) in comparison with the open TLIF group (200.9 ± 211.9 mL) (p =0.485). In terms of systemic inflammatory markers, the mean postoperative CRP, NLR, LMR, and PLR were lower in the BE-TLIF group than in the open TLIF group, although these differences were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). The VAS and ODI scores in both groups were significantly improved after surgery (p &lt; 0.05).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was no significant difference found between BE-TLIF and open TLIF in terms of systemic inflammatory markers, and clinical outcomes. Overall, BE-TLIF can be considered a viable choice for lumbar canal decompression and interbody fusion for less invasion. It is worth noting that BE-TLIF does have a longer operation time, indicating that there is still potential for further improvement in this technique.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, unilateral biportal endoscope, systemic inflammatory markers<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Important Role of Preoperative D-Dimer in Constrictive Pericarditis","authors":"Likui Fang, Fangming Zhong, Wenfeng Yu, Pengfei Zhu, Guocan Yu","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s462075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s462075","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> The impact of coagulation indicators on postoperative outcomes of patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of preoperative coagulation indicators in these patients.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively included 158 patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy. The diagnostic values of coagulation indicators for postoperative complications were evaluated by ROC curves. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value calculated by ROC curve. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of postoperative complications.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> ROC curve showed that among different coagulation indicators, preoperative D-dimer (DD) level could effectively identify patients with postoperative complications (AUC 0.771, 95% CI 0.696– 0.847, P &lt; 0.001). Patients were divided into the low DD group and the high DD group. The comparison of postoperative outcomes suggested that high preoperative DD level was significantly associated with longer durations of vasoactive agents using (P = 0.018), intubation (P = 0.020), ICU stay (P = 0.008), chest drainage (P=0.004) and hospital stay (P = 0.002). Multivariable analysis showed that high preoperative DD level was the independent risk factor of postoperative complications (OR 6.892, 95% CI 2.604– 18.235, P &lt; 0.001).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> High preoperative DD level was significantly linked to poor postoperative outcomes and could provide an effective prediction ability for postoperative complications in patients with constrictive pericarditis.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Hypothyroidism Predicted Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ejection Fraction Preserved Heart Failure","authors":"Qiang Tan, Ming Chen, Hongmei Yang, Yao Guo, Xiaoyi Zou","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s433489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s433489","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, however the influence of SH on prognosis of ejection fraction preserved heart failure (HFpEF) is not fully understood.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective observational study, patients with HFpEF were divided into euthyroidism group (n = 413) and SH group (n = 79). Patients were followed up for at least 30 months to examine the association between SH and cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF. The primary end point was composite cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death and re-hospitalization). The patients underwent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurement by ultrasound in order to value endothelial function.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> The rate of composite cardiovascular events was higher in SH group than in euthyroidism group (54.49% and 26.36%, respectively; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The higher risk of cardiovascular events in SH group was primarily due to a higher risk of re-hospitalization compared to euthyroidism group (45.56% and 20.58%, respectively; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The rate of cardiovascular death was higher in SH group than in euthyroidism group (13.92% and 5.81%, respectively; <em>p</em> = 0.017). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that SH (hazard ratios [HR] 1.921, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.139– 3.240), level of TSH (HR 1.025, 95% CI 1.010– 1.054), age (HR 1.017, 95% CI 1.002– 1.034), LVEF (HR 0.975, 95% CI 0.953– 0.996), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.581, 95% CI 1.083– 2.307), eGFR (HR 0.987, 95% CI 0.978– 0.997), and NYHA cardiac function (HR 2.342, 95% CI 1.649– 3.326) were independent predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with increased cardiovascular events and death in patients with HFpEF.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Preoperative Video Distraction on Emergence Delirium in Preschool Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery Under Anesthesia with Sevoflurane: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Yue Wang, Liyan Chu, He Li, Yingjie Du, Shanshan Wang, Ying Liu, Guyan Wang","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s447419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s447419","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative video distraction reduces the incidence of emergence delirium in preschool children under general anesthesia with sevoflurane.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> In this prospective randomized controlled study, children aged 3– 6 years were randomized to receive either video distraction (Group V) or common clinical practice (Group C) from arrival at the holding area to induction of anesthesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of emergence delirium. Preoperative anxiety scores, assessed by the simple modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale, were also collected.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 160 patients were included in our study. The children in Group V (n=80) exhibited a significantly lower incidence of emergence delirium than did those in Group C (n=80) (12.5% vs 35.0%; RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19, 0.69; <em>P</em> =0.0008). The maximum Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium score in Group V was significantly lower than that in Group C (3.0 vs 5.0; mean difference − 2.64, 95% CI: − 4.12, − 1.16; <em>P</em>=0.0003). The simple modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale scores at separation from parents and the onset of inhalation induction in Group V were significantly lower than those in Group C (36.4 ± 9.9 vs 48.2 ± 16.7; mean difference 11.92, 95% CI 7.25, 16.59; <em>P</em>&lt; 0.0001 and 41.5 ± 15.9 vs 59.7 ± 21.5; mean difference 18.11, 95% CI 11.76, 24.47; <em>P</em>&lt; 0.0001).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Preoperative video distraction reduces the incidence of emergence delirium in preschool children who undergo strabismus surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> emergence delirium, anxiety, children, preschool<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aggressive Warming versus Routine Thermal Management on the Incidence of Perioperative Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial","authors":"Yue Zhang, Yafan Bai, Yi Zhang, Yingjie Du, Min Liu, Jiayu Zhu, Guyan Wang","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s454272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s454272","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Despite the implementation of various insulation measures, the incidence of hypothermia during thyroid surgery remains high. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of aggressive thermal management combined with resistive heating mattresses to prevent perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.<br/><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> 142 consecutive patients scheduled for elective thyroid surgery were enrolled in the study. They were randomly and equally allocated to the aggressive warming or routine care groups (n = 71). The patients’ body temperature was monitored before the induction of anesthesia until they returned to the ward. The primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative hypothermia. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, such as mortality, cardiovascular complications, wound infection, shivering, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, fever, headache and hospital length of stay (LOS).<br/><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, the results showed that a significantly higher rate of hypothermia was observed in the routine care group compared with the aggressive warming group. The incidence of perioperative hypothermia was 19.72% (14/71) in the aggressive warming group and 35.21% (25/71) in the routine care group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The incidence of shivering in the aggressive warming group (1.41%) was significantly lower than that in the routine care group (11.27%) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and a one-day reduction in hospital length of stay was observed in the aggressive warming group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality or other postoperative complications, such as cardiovascular complications, wound infection, PONV, pain, fever or headache, between the two groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our results suggest that aggressive thermal management combined with resistive heating mattresses provided improved perioperative body temperature and reduced the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and shivering compared to routine thermal management.<br/><br/><strong>Plain Language Summary:</strong> ●The incidence of perioperative hypothermia during thyroid surgery was high.<br/>●The use of resistive heating mattresses during thyroid surgery can effectively reduce the occurrence of perioperative hypothermia.<br/>●It is recommended to take aggressive thermal protection during the operation of minor and medium surgeries, and to continuously monitor the temperature.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> hypothermia, thyroid surgery, resistive heating mattresses, perioperative period<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients Receiving Anti-Retro-Viral Treatment in A Tertiary Hospital, Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study","authors":"Godana Jarso, Haji Aman, Abebe Megerso","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s453699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s453699","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> Scaling up antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). This success is challenged by the constellation of interrelated metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the changing ART regimens and schedules, increasing patient age and methodological limitations, existing evidence regarding the determinants of MetS remains inconclusive. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify the determinants of MetS in patients receiving ART at a tertiary hospital in central Ethiopia.<br/><strong>Patient and Methods:</strong> We conducted an unmatched case–control study that included 393 patients with a case-to-control ratio of 1 to 2. Data were collected by interviewing patients, reviewing charts, physical examinations, and laboratory testing. The data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of MetS. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of the association between MetS and its determinants. Statistical significance was set at p-value &lt; 0.05.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, higher odds of developing MetS were identified among patients aged 40– 60 years (AOR 3.75; 95% CI: 1.66– 8.49) and those older than 60 years (AOR 6.18; 95% CI: 2.12– 17.95) than among those aged &lt; 40 years. Similarly, higher odds were observed among patients who frequently consumed animal source foods than among those who consumed cereals or vegetables (AOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.03– 3.63), those who had HIV lipodystrophy (AOR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.05– 2.86), those who were treated with stavudine (AOR 3.08; 95% CI: 1.89– 5.04), and those who were treated with zidovudine (AOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02– 2.88) compared to their counterparts.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Older age, diet from animal sources, exposure to zidovudine or stavudine, and the presence of lipodystrophy were independent determinants of MetS.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> adama, cardiometabolic, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Study on Pre- and Post-Operation CT Imaging for Predicting Pedicle Screw Loosening in Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease","authors":"Qian Zhang, Fanfan Zhao, Yu Zhang, Xiangyang Gong","doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s453639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s453639","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the predictive role of risk factors in the occurrence of pedicle screw loosening, assessed through pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) scans.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 103 patients with degenerative lumbar disease who had undergone L4/5 pedicle screw fixation (involving 412 screws) were included in this study. They were subsequently categorized into two groups—the “loosening group” and the “non-loosening group”. The axial and sagittal angles of the screw trajectory in pre- and post-operative CT images were measured, and the deviation angles were computed. Additionally, measurements were taken of the Hounsfield unit (HU) within the screw entry point area, the pedicle, and the vertebral body in preoperative CT images. Logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the risk factors influencing the occurrence of screw loosening.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Elderly patients who experienced screw loosening tended to have bilateral screw issues at the L5 level (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.005). The HU of the pedicle (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), age (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and the axial deviation angle (<em>p</em> = 0.014) were identified as independent factors predicting screw loosening. Additionally, when HU of the pedicle &lt; 126.5 or age ≥ 53.5 years, the axial deviation angle was found to be smaller in the group experiencing screw loosening (<em>p</em> = 0.018 and <em>p</em> = 0.019).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Loosening of screws positioned at L5 was found to be more prevalent in elderly patients, particularly exhibiting a bilateral occurrence. Independent predictors of this phenomenon included a low HU value in the pedicle, advanced age in patients, and a substantial axial deviation angle. In the case of elderly patients with a low HU value in the pedicle, a reduced axial surgical deflection was necessitated to prevent the occurrence of screw loosening.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> computed tomography, lumbar degenerative diseases, Hounsfield unit, pedicle screw loosening, position deviation value<br/>","PeriodicalId":22977,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}