Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Clopidogrel Versus Ticagrelor for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Patients Managed with Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Barka Sajid, Zarnab Tufail, Maria Asim, Sania Riaz, Sahar Imtiaz, Hamna Khan, Muhammad Asad Shabbir, Syed Muhammad Bilal Shah, Fariha Ejaz, Muhammad Wajeeh Anis, Arais Khan, Aliza Ahmed, Marium Rana, Fiza Sohail, Muhammad Umair Anjum, Muhammad Omar Larik","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0055","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel and ticagrelor, are available on the market for use after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the efficacy of such drugs in patients being managed with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has always been debated. In light of this controversy, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to enhance existing literature. Various databases were searched for potentially relevant studies from inception to April 2023, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Outcomes of interest included risk of bleeding, stent thrombosis, and all-cause mortality. Five studies were shortlisted for inclusion into the meta-analysis, featuring a total of 245 patients receiving either clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Overall, no significant differences were noted when the use of clopidogrel and ticagrelor was compared in PCI patients being managed with TH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive meta-analysis comparing the outcomes of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in PCI patients being managed with TH. Despite existing studies claiming an altered efficacy of clopidogrel in such conditions, our meta-analytic findings could not prove this relationship. Due to the limited sample size, further comprehensive and randomized studies are encouraged to arrive at a robust conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra Operative Mild Cooling of Large Tumors Reduces Their Invasive and Metastatic Functions While Increasing Their Resistance to Apoptosis.","authors":"Noureddin Tavassoli, Alireza Ghahremani, Kosar Namakin, Alvand Naserghandi, Seyed Rouhollah Miri, Mohammad Abdolahad","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer treatment often involves excisional surgery, but this approach may leave behind minimal residual disease, leading to tumor regrowth. Proinflammatory cytokines and their role in altering residual cancerous cells postsurgery have garnered attention. The study examines how mild intraoperative cooling affects cancer cells and their gene expression. It aims to discover strategies for reducing tumor growth after surgery. Nine cases of solid tumor were included in the study, nine samples were cooled with the Peltier-Seebeck device down to12°C, and cooled and noncooled regions of tumors were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Key transcriptomes, including neural-cadherin, cadherins (<i>CDH</i>), 70-kDa Heat Shock Protein (<i>HSP70</i>), hypoxia-inducible factor (<i>HIF</i>), Y-Box-binding protein 1 (<i>YB-1</i>), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (<i>MMP9</i>), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (<i>MMP2</i>), were measured to assess the impact of mild hypothermia on cancer cell metabolism and cold shock responses. Analysis of cooled and noncooled regions revealed reduced MMP2/9 levels in cooled regions in five out of seven cases, indicating potential suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis. <i>CDH-1</i> expression was detected in five cases, with decreased levels observed in cooled regions in most cases, suggesting a role in tumor aggressiveness. <i>YB-1</i> expression was increased in six out of eight samples, possibly correlating with local recurrence and reduced overall survival times. <i>N-Cad</i> expression was increased in all five samples where it was detected, indicating its potential involvement in tumor cell motility and invasion. HSPs showed a mild increase in four out of five cases following cooling, potentially contributing to tumor cell resistance to cooling-induced apoptosis. Intraoperative mild cooling resulted in the downregulation of key proteins playing a role in invasion and metastasis. However, Elevated <i>YB-1</i> and <i>N-Cad</i> expression limits cooling's universal application. Further research is necessary to comprehend cooling-related transcriptome changes and their impact on patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138798287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Active Heating Methods on Body Temperature, Shivering, Thermal Comfort, Pain, Nausea and Vomiting During General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Özlem Şahin Akboğa, Aysel Gürkan","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effect of forced-air warming and heated intravenous (IV) and irrigation fluids alone and in combination on body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia in a prospective, four-group, randomized controlled trial. After induction of anesthesia, 120 patients were divided into the following groups: patients warmed with forced-air warming (<i>n</i> = 30), patients receiving warmed IV and irrigation fluid (<i>n</i> = 30), patients receiving warmed IV and irrigation fluid with forced-air warming (<i>n</i> = 30), and the control group without any intervention (<i>n</i> = 30). Body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting were monitored in the first 24 hours after surgery. The general characteristics of the groups, mean body temperature, length of stay, ambient temperature, and duration of surgery in the preoperative waiting unit were similar (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Compared with the other groups, patients in the control group had a significant decrease in body temperature from the 30th minute during surgery (<i>p</i> < 0.001), lower body temperature in the first 2 hours and thermal comfort in the first three hours after surgery (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and higher shivering levels in the first hour after surgery (<i>p</i> < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The study findings showed that normothermia was maintained in all three intervention groups during the surgery and in the first 24 hours after surgery. Moreover, postoperative thermal comfort increased and shivering levels decreased compared with the control group, but pain, nausea and vomiting levels were not affected. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04907617).</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"269-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the Delphi Method in the Construction of the Temperature Chain Management Scheme for Da Vinci Robot-Assisted Urological Surgical Patients.","authors":"Fengxia Chen, Huiying Li, Xin Liang, Tiantian Liu","doi":"10.1089/ther.2024.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2024.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to construct a temperature chain management scheme in patients undergoing Da Vinci Robot-assisted surgery in urological surgical patients by the Delphi method, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of the inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. First, instructing by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Healthcare model and systematically reviewing literature related to the prevention and treatment of perioperative hypothermia in Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery patients in the urological surgical patients from guideline-related websites and professional association websites. Second, carrying out the qualitative interviews, which were conducted with medical staff in the urology department and the Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery team in a teaching hospital. Third, a temperature chain management scheme draft was obtained by a panel meeting. Finally, using the Delphi method to evaluate the draft, demonstrating its scientificity and feasibility, and obtaining the final scheme. The temperature chain management scheme constructed by a Delphi method, embraced seven links from preoperative ward, preoperative transfer, anesthesia waiting room, operating room, postanesthesia recovery room, postoperative transfer, and postoperative ward. The enthusiasm degree of both rounds of expert consultation was 100%, with expert authority levels of 0.875 and 0.888, respectively, indicating good representativeness and authority. Kendall's coefficient in two rounds was 0.220 and 0.400, respectively, indicating a trend toward consensus among experts, which indicated the scheme had a high degree of credibility and feasibility. The temperature chain management scheme for Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery patients in the urology department, constructed by the Delphi method, is both scientific and feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of Brain Hypothermia Treatment for Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-177 Cases Experienced and a Narrative Review.","authors":"Hitoshi Kobata","doi":"10.1089/ther.2024.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2024.0037","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of hypothermia for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain controversial. In 1999, we initiated brain hypothermia treatment (BHT) in the hyperacute phase to mitigate the evolution of early brain injury in patients with World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade V SAH. In June 2014, we introduced endovascular cooling to maintain normothermia for seven days following the initial BHT period. Immediately after the decision to treat the sources of bleeding, cooling was initiated, with a target temperature of 33-34°C. Bleeding sources were extirpated primarily by clipping with decompressive craniectomy. Patients were rewarmed at a rate of ≤1°C/day after ≥48 hours of surface cooling. After being rewarmed to 36°C, temperatures were controlled with antipyretic (chronologically divided into groups A-C with 47, 46, and 46 patients, respectively) or endovascular (group D, 38 patients) cooling. Overall, 177 patients (median age, 62 [52-68] years; 94 [53.1%] women; onset-to-arrival time, 36 minutes [28-50]) were included. The median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score upon admission was 4 (3-6). Median core body temperature was 36 (35.3-36.6)°C on arrival, 34.6 (34.0-35.3)°C on entering the operating room, 33.8 (33.4-34.3)°C upon starting the microsurgical or interventional radiology procedure, and 33.7 (33.3-34.2)°C upon admission to the intensive care unit. There were no significant differences in age, sex, GCS score, pupillary findings, location of bleeding sources, or treatment methods. There were 69 (39.0%) overall favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3) at 6 months and 11 (23.4%), 18 (39.1%), 17 (37.0%), and 23 (60.5%) in groups A-D, respectively (p = 0.0065). The outcomes of patients with WFNS grade V SAH improved over time. Herein, we report our experience using BHT for severe SAH through a narrative review.","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Body Temperature and In-Hospital Mortality Among Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Diabetes in Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Kai Zhang, Yu Han, Fangming Gu, Zhaoxuan Gu, JiaYing Liang, JiaYu Zhao, Jianguo Chen, Bowen Chen, Min Gao, Zhengyan Hou, Xiaoqi Yu, Tianyi Cai, Yafang Gao, Rui Hu, Jinyu Xie, Tianzhou Liu, Bo Li","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0053","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body temperature (BT) has been utilized to assess patient outcomes across various diseases. However, the impact of BT on mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV data set. The primary outcome assessed was in-hospital mortality rates. BT was treated as a categorical variable in the analyses. The association between BT on ICU admission and in-hospital mortality was examined using multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline, and subgroup analysis. The cohort comprised 7063 patients with both DM and CHF (3135 females and 3928 males), with an average age of 71.5 ± 12.2 years. Comparative analysis of the reference group (Q4) revealed increased in-hospital mortality in Q6 and Q1 temperature groups, with fully adjusted odds ratios of 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-2.96) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.35-2.79), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between temperature on admission and mortality risk (<i>p</i> nonlinearity <0.001), with the nadir of risk observed at 36.8°C. The effect sizes and corresponding CIs below and above the threshold were 0.581 (95% CI: 0.434-0.777) and 1.674 (95% CI: 1.204-2.328), respectively. Stratified analyses further validated the robustness of this correlation. Our study establishes a nonlinear association between BT and in-hospital mortality in patients with both CHF and DM, with optimal suitable BT at 36.8°C. Further research is necessary to confirm this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2023 Award Recipient for <i>Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management</i>.","authors":"Marianne Thoresen","doi":"10.1089/ther.2024.33245.rfs2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2024.33245.rfs2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"14 3","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic Hypothermia as an Adjuvant Therapy for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ali Mir, Mohammed Faraaz Rahman, Khaled Mohamed Ragab, Ahmed Hashem Fathallah, Shaden Daloub, Nader Alwifati, Abdulrahman Ibrahim Hagrass, Anas Zakarya Nourelden, Sarah Makram Elsayed, Ibrahim Kamal, Mahmoud M Elhady, Raheel Khan","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to compare the use of hypothermia in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with control. We systematically searched four electronic databases until March 2022. The inclusion criteria were any study design that compared hypothermia in patients with MI undergoing PCI with control. The risk of bias assessment of the included randomized controlled trials was conducted through Cochrane Tool, while the quality of the included cohort studies was assessed by the NIH tool. The meta-analysis was performed on RevMan. A total of 19 studies were entered. Regarding the mortality, there were nonsignificant differences between hypothermia and control (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 to 1.50, <i>p</i> = 0.73). There was also no significant difference between the control and hypothermia in recurrent MI (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.30, <i>p</i> = 0.56). On the other hand, the analysis showed a significant favor for hypothermia over the control infarct size (mean difference = -1.76, 95% CI -3.04 to -0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.007), but a significant favor for the control over hypothermia in the overall bleeding complications (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.18, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Compared with the control, hypothermia reduced the infarct size of the heart, but this finding was not consistent across studies. However, the control had lower rates of bleeding problems. The other outcomes, such as death and the incidence of recurrent MI, were similar between the two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"152-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Thyroid Hormones.","authors":"Asli Okbay Gunes, Aydin Bozkaya","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to compare serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels in neonates with different hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stages undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH), and to evaluate the TSH and fT4 levels in neonates with HIE/TH in comparison with a control group. This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2020 and December 2022. The neonates with HIE/TH constituted the study group and the neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) constituted the control group. The study group consisted of neonates with stage 2 and stage 3 HIE. Serum TSH and fT4 levels measured at postnatal fifth day were compared between the groups. Of the 202 (47.1%) neonates included in the study group, 144 (71.3%) had stage 2 HIE and 58 (28.7%) had stage 3 HIE. In the control group, there were 227 (52.9%) newborns. Serum TSH and fT4 levels were found to be lower in the newborns with stage 3 HIE compared with those with stage 2 HIE (<i>p</i> = 0.015, 0.002, respectively). Although the serum TSH level was higher in the newborns with HIE compared with the newborns with TTN, serum fT4 levels did not change between the groups (<i>p</i> = < 0.001, 0.14, respectively). When we made the analysis according to the reference intervals, HIE/TH was associated with higher rates of TSH elevation compared with TTN, and the difference was more pronounced in stage 2 HIE/TH (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Although stage 3 HIE/TH was significantly associated with higher rates of low fT4 compared with TTN (<i>p</i> = 0.006), this relationship was not significant between stage 2 HIE/TH and TTN. It would be reasonable to interpret thyroid function tests performed on the fifth day with caution in newborns with HIE/TH, because higher TSH and lower fT4 levels on the fifth day in this patient group may result in unnecessary repetition of tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"186-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10214249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rectal Administration of Reduning Injection in Feverish Rats Induced by Lipopolysaccharide.","authors":"Miao-Yuan Li, Qin-Yuan Guo, Juan Wang, Kun-Quan Tang, Huo-Qing Lu, Bei Wang, Lei Xiong","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0056","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of rectal administration of Reduning injection in feverish rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and observe the temperature changes and inflammatory indexes. The selected rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 10 rats in each group, named as normal empty group, model group, intravenous group (2 mL/kg), low-dose enema group (1 mL/kg), middle-dose enema group (2 mL/kg), and high-dose enema group (4 mL/kg). The hourly temperature variations in rats injected with LPS in the abdomen were recorded. Five hours later, blood samples from the abdominal aorta were collected to monitor immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. At 5 hours, the fever peak induced by LPS appeared, and obvious antipyretic effects were observed; the effect was optimal in the medium dose enema group at 4 hours (<i>p</i> < 0.05); the IgM value in the enema groups, the intravenous group, and normal empty group was significantly lower than that in the model group; the IgA value in each group was higher than that in the model group, but there was no statistical significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05); values of IL-6 and TNF-α in each group were lower than those in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant except for the high-dose enema group (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Low-dose and medium-dose rectal administration of Reduning injection have inhibitory effects on IL-6, TNF-α, and IgM in feverish rats induced by LPS, but there is no obvious difference compared to intravenous administration and it could achieve an anti-inflammatory effect. There is a possibility of enhancing IgA immunity with rectal administration, but there is no obvious difference compared to intravenous administration, and rectal administration has no significant effect on mucosal immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}