Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease最新文献

{"title":"A comparison between a gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire-based algorithm and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough.","authors":"Wanzhen Li, Tongyangzi Zhang, Wenhua Gu, Wenbo Shi, Shengyuan Wang, Yiqing Zhu, Cuiqin Shi, Li Yu, Xianghuai Xu","doi":"10.1177/17534666231220817","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666231220817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Empiric therapy with multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) has been used for the initial treatment of gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC). However, an algorithm based on the gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) has the potential to achieve a simple, structured, and effective treatment approach for patients with GERC.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared the efficacy of anti-reflux therapy based on GerdQ (new structured pathway, NSP) with medical treatment after MII-pH examination (ordinary clinical pathway, OCP) in the management of GERC.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>For the NSP, we adapted the GerdQ score to establish the basis for a treatment algorithm. For the OCP, treatment was determined using the MII-pH examination results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The non-inferiority (NI) hypothesis was used to evaluate NSP <i>versus</i> OCP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the NSP and OCP-based therapeutic algorithms have similar efficacy for GERC [NI analysis: 95% confidence interval (CI), -4.97 to 17.73, <i>p</i> = 0.009; superiority analysis: <i>p</i> = 0.420]. Moreover, the cough symptom scores and cough threshold improved faster in the NSP group than in the OCP group at week 8 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the subgroup analyses using the GerdQ and GerdQ impact scale (GIS) scores, patients with low-likelihood GERC (GerdQ < 8) were more likely to benefit from OCP (NI analysis: 95% CI, -19.73 to 18.02, <i>p</i> = 0.213). On the other hand, in patients with high-likelihood and low-reflux impact GERC patients (GerdQ > 8 and GIS < 4), the NSP arm was not inferior to the standard treatment of OCP (NI analysis: 95% CI, -8.85 to 28.21%, <i>p</i> = 0.04; superiority analysis: <i>p</i> = 0.339), indicating that GerdQ- and GIS-guided diagnosis and management of patients with GERC could be an alternative to MII-pH management, especially in settings with reduced medical resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of the GerdQ algorithm should be considered when handling patients with GERC in the primary care setting.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This research was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR-ODT-12001899).</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666231220817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10771753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139106709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of omalizumab on lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Junyi Liao, Jia Tang, Yuanping Jiang, Youwen Wang, Jiali Ding, Yong He","doi":"10.1177/17534666231221771","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666231221771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the rise of targeted treatments for asthma, treatment with omalizumab is a new option.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the improvement of pulmonary function with additional omalizumab treatment in patients (⩾6 years old) with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>Observational studies of randomized controlled trials of add-on omalizumab for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma, published from the establishment till August 2022, were retrieved from WAN FANG DATA, PubMed, CNKI, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Data extraction and quality evaluation were performed on the literature that met the inclusion criteria, using RevMan 5.3 to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials were included, involving a total of 3578 patients with asthma, 1856 patients in the omalizumab group, and 1722 patients in the control group. The improvement in Forced expiratory volume in 1 s as a percentage of predicted normal and Forced expiratory volume in 1 s was more pronounced in the omalizumab-treated group [MD = 3.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.89-5.94, <i>p</i> = 0.0002; MD = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05-0.13, <i>p</i> < 0.0001], while the improvement in Morning Peak expiratory flow rate was not statistically different between the two groups (MD = 3.64, 95% CI: -22.17-29.45, <i>p</i> = 0.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional omalizumab treatment showed some improvement in lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO ID:CRD42022378498.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666231221771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived burden of respiratory physiotherapy in people with cystic fibrosis taking elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor combination: a 1-year observational study.","authors":"Chiara Blardone, Simone Gambazza, Alessandra Mariani, Rachele Galgani, Anna Brivio, Rita Maria Nobili, Carmela Rizza, Anna Luisa Tutino, Andrea Gramegna, Valeria Daccò, Martina Contarini, Francesco Blasi, Dario Laquintana","doi":"10.1177/17534666241235054","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241235054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To limit the progression of disease, people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) perform daily respiratory physiotherapy, which is perceived as the most burdensome routine in managing their condition. The elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) combination has changed respiratory management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate how the perceived treatment burden changed in 1 year of treatment with ETI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Ad hoc</i> questionnaires for the pwCF and for the caregivers of pwCF < 18 years were administered before the initiation of ETI therapy and then at 6-12 months. The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) and the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) were administered to explore disease-related symptoms and social limitations. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to determine levels of physical activity. Mixed-effect models were fitted to explore whether the time engaged in respiratory physiotherapy changed during 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 47/184 pwCF aged 21.4 (5.7) years, who completed 1 year of ETI therapy. At 6 months, time on aerosol therapy was decreased by 2.5 (95% CI -32.9 to 27.8) min/day, time on airway clearance therapies (ACTs) was decreased by 8.8 (95% CI -25.9 to 8.3) min/day, and time for cleaning and disinfecting respiratory equipment was decreased by 10.6 (95% CI -26.5 to 5.3) min/day. At 1 year, gains in time saved were nearly 15 min/day on average. At 1 year, 5/47 (10.6%) pwCF reported that they had discontinued positive expiratory pressure mask.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PwCF on ETI may note less time engaged in their daily respiratory physiotherapy routine. Nonetheless, aerosol therapy, ACTs and maintaining respiratory equipment were still perceived as time-consuming daily activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241235054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of antifibrotic therapy on disease progression, all-cause mortality, and risk of acute exacerbation in non-IPF fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled studies.","authors":"De-Yu Li, Xin Liu, Jing-Yi Huang, Wen-Lu Hang, Gu-Ran Yu, Yong Xu","doi":"10.1177/17534666241232561","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241232561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nintedanib and pirfenidone are preferred pharmacological therapies for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, evidence favoring antifibrotic therapy in patients with non-IPF fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of antifibrotic therapy on disease progression, all-cause mortality, and acute exacerbation (AE) risk in patients with non-IPF fibrosing ILDs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>Electronic databases were searched for articles published before 28 February 2023. Studies that evaluated the efficacy of antifibrotic agents in patients with fibrosing ILDs were selected. The primary outcome was the disease progression risk, and the secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and AE risk. The GRADE criteria were used for the certainty of evidence assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies with 1990 participants were included. Antifibrotic therapy reduced the rate of patients with disease progression (five trials with 1741 subjects; relative risk (RR), 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.75; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>I</i>² = 0; high-certainty evidence). Antifibrotic therapy did not significantly decrease all-cause mortality (nine trials with 1990 subjects; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.55-1.03; <i>p</i> = 0.08; <i>I</i>² = 0; low-certainty evidence). However, in patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs (PF-ILD), antifibrotic therapy decreased all-cause mortality (four trials with 1100 subjects; RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.98; <i>p</i> = 0.04; <i>I</i>² = 0; low-certainty evidence).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study supports the use of antifibrotic agents in patients with PF-ILDs, which could slow disease progression and decrease all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023411272).</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241232561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10901065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic yield using electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary nodules <2 cm.","authors":"Jun-Ying Chen, Han Yang, Xiao-Dan Lin, Hong Yang, Jing Wen, Qian-Wen Liu, Lan-Jun Zhang, Peng Lin, Jian-Hua Fu, Chang-Sen Leng, Rong Yi, Kong-Jia Luo","doi":"10.1177/17534666241249150","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241249150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is highly sensitive in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs), its diagnostic yield for subgroups of smaller PPNs is under evaluation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diagnostic yield evaluation of biopsy using ENB for PPNs <2 cm.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ENB-mediated biopsy for PPNs were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who had PPNs with diameters <2 cm and underwent ENB-mediated biopsy between May 2015 and February 2020 were consecutively enrolled. The final diagnosis was made <i>via</i> pathological examination after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 82 lesions from 65 patients were analyzed. The median tumor size was 11 mm. All lesions were subjected to ENB-mediated biopsy, of which 29 and 53 were classified as malignant and benign, respectively. Subsequent segmentectomy, lobectomy, or wedge resection, following pathological examinations were performed on 64 nodules from 57 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for nodules <2 cm were 53.3%, 91.7%, 92.3%, and 51.2%, respectively. The receiver operating curve showed an area under the curve of 0.721 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 62.5%, 100%, 100%, and 42.9%, respectively, for nodules with diameters equal to or larger than 1 cm; and 30.8%, 86.7%, 66.7%, and 59.1%, respectively, for nodules less than 1 cm. In the subgroup analysis, neither the lobar location nor the distance of the PPNs to the pleura affected the accuracy of the ENB diagnosis. However, the spiculated sign had a negative impact on the accuracy of the ENB biopsy (<i>p</i> = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ENB has good specificity and positive predictive value for diagnosing PPNs <2 cm; however, the spiculated sign may negatively affect ENB diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the diagnostic reliability may only be limited to PPNs equal to or larger than 1 cm.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241249150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of escalating to triple therapy versus switching to dual bronchodilators after discontinuing LABA/ICS in patients with COPD: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Li-Wei Wu, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Tzu-Han Lin, Ying-Jay Liou, Chen-Liang Tsai, Kuang-Yao Yang, Meng-Ting Wang","doi":"10.1177/17534666241292242","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241292242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The latest guidelines discourage the use of long-acting beta₂-agonists/inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal subsequent treatment after discontinuing LABA/ICS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the effectiveness and safety of switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy (LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA)/ICS) or to dual bronchodilators (LABA/LAMA) in COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a new-user, active-comparator, and propensity score-matched cohort study analyzing the Taiwanese nationwide healthcare insurance claims.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited COPD patients switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy or to dual bronchodilators from 2015 to 2019. The primary effectiveness outcome was the annual rate of exacerbations, and safety outcomes included severe pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Stratification by prior exacerbations was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, each group comprised 1892 patients, 55% of whom experienced no exacerbations in the prior year. Treatment with LABA/LAMA/ICS versus LABA/LAMA showed comparable annual rate of moderate-to-severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-1.19). However, switching to LABA/LAMA/ICS was associated with increased risks of severe pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% CI, 1.30-2.09) and all-cause death (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78). In patients with⩾2 prior exacerbations, LABA/LAMA/ICS versus LABA/LAMA was related to a 21% reduced rate of exacerbations but with a twofold increased pneumonia risk and a 49% elevated risk of all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy versus dual bronchodilators in COPD patients was associated with similar rates of annual exacerbations but was related to elevated risks of severe pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Among frequent exacerbators, triple therapy was associated with lower rates of exacerbation but was accompanied by increased risks of pneumonia and mortality compared to LABA/LAMA. Careful consideration of the examined safety events is necessary when switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy in COPD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241292242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between high-flow nasal cannula and conventional oxygen therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jian-Chao Wang, Yun Peng, Bing Dai, Hai-Jia Hou, Hong-Wen Zhao, Wei Wang, Wei Tan","doi":"10.1177/17534666231225323","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666231225323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) are important respiratory support strategies for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the results are conflicting for the risk of intubation with HFNC as compared to COT.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We systematically synthesized the outcomes of HFNC relative to COT in COVID-19 patients with AHRF and evaluated these outcomes in relevant subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, medRxiv, BioRxiv, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared the efficacy of HFNC with COT in patients with COVID-19-related AHRF. Primary outcomes were intubation rate and mortality rate. Secondary outcomes were the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO₂/FiO₂), respiratory rate, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and days free from invasive mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 20 studies with 5732 patients were included. We found a decreased risk of requiring intubation in HFNC compared to COT [odds ratio (OR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.82, <i>p</i> = 0.0009, <i>I</i>² = 75%]. Similarly, we found HFNC was associated with lower risk of intubation rate compared to COT in the subgroup of patients with baseline PaO₂/FiO₂ < 200 mmHg (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86, <i>p</i> = 0.0007, <i>I</i>² = 45%), and who were in ICU settings at enrollment (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38-0.85, <i>p</i> = 0.005, <i>I</i>² = 80%). HFNC was associated with an improvement of PaO₂/FiO₂ and respiratory rate compared to COT. The use of HFNC compared to COT did not reduce the mortality rate, days free from invasive mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, or ICU length of stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to COT, HFNC may decrease the need for tracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19-related AHRF, particularly among patients with baseline PaO₂/FiO₂ < 200 mmHg and those in ICU settings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42022339072).</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666231225323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10798115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and risk factors for bleeding complications of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy.","authors":"Eunhye Bae, Hyeontaek Hwang, Joong-Yub Kim, Young Sik Park, Jaeyoung Cho","doi":"10.1177/17534666241273017","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241273017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (radial EBUS) is widely used to diagnose pulmonary lesions; however, the diagnostic value of radial EBUS-guided transbronchial biopsy (TBB) varies, and its complications (especially the risk of bleeding) are not properly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance and rate of complication of this procedure, and investigated the risk factors associated with the procedure-related bleeding events.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study that included consecutive patients who underwent radial EBUS-guided TBB. Radial EBUS was performed under moderate sedation in inpatients or outpatients. The severity of bleeding was graded using the standardized definitions of bleeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 133 patients (median age, 69 years; men 57.1%) included, 41 were outpatients (30.8%). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for malignancy were 76.1% (89/117), 71.1% (69/97), and 100% (20/20), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy ranged from 66.9% to 79.0%, depending on the classification of undiagnosed cases as either false negatives or true negatives. Twenty-seven patients (20.3%) developed complications (pneumothorax, 3; pneumonia, 5; complicated pleural effusion, 2; bleeding event grade 2 or higher, 21). Of the 41 outpatients, two developed complications (pneumothorax without intervention, 1; grade 2 bleeding event, 1). Of the 21 patients (15.8%) with procedure-related bleeding events, 18 had grade 2, and three had grade 3 bleeding complications. In multivariate analysis, a large size of ⩾30 mm (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 5.09; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and central lesion (adjusted OR, 3.67; <i>p</i> = 0.03) were significantly associated with the risk of grade 2 or higher bleeding events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that radial EBUS-guided TBB is an accurate and safe method for diagnosing pulmonary lesions. Clinically significant procedure-related bleeding was rare. The central location and larger size (⩾30 mm) of pulmonary lesions were risk factors for grade 2 or higher bleeding events.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241273017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of early perioperative heparin-free anticoagulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on bleeding and thrombotic events in lung transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhijiang Qi, Sichao Gu, Xin Yu, Zeyu Zhang, Xiaoyang Cui, Changlong Li, Min Li, Qingyuan Zhan","doi":"10.1177/17534666241273012","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241273012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perioperative heparin-free anticoagulation extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for lung transplantation is rarely reported.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of a heparin-free strategy on bleeding and thrombotic events, blood transfusion, and coagulation function during the early perioperative period and on prognosis, and to observe its effect on different ECMO types.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 324 lung transplantation patients undergoing early perioperative heparin-free ECMO between August 2017 and July 2022. Clinical data including perioperative bleeding and thrombotic events, blood product transfusion, coagulation indicators and 1-year survival were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were divided in venovenous (VV; <i>n</i> = 251), venoarterial (VA; <i>n</i> = 40) and venovenous-arterial (VV-A; <i>n</i> = 33) groups. The VV group had the lowest intraoperative bleeding and thoracic drainage within 24 h postoperatively. Vein thrombosis occurred in 30.2% of patients within 10 days postoperatively or 1 week after ECMO withdrawal, and no significant difference was found among the three groups. Double lung transplantation, increased intraoperative bleeding, and increased postoperative drainage were associated with vein thrombosis. Except for acute myocardial infarction in one patient, no other serious thrombotic events occurred. The VV-ECMO group had the lowest demand for blood transfusion. The highest prothrombin time and the lowest fibrinogen levels were observed in the VA group during ECMO run, while the highest platelet counts were found in the VV group. Both intraoperative bleeding and thoracic drainage within 24 h postoperatively were independent predictors for 1-year survival, and no thrombosis-related deaths occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term heparin-free anticoagulation, particularly VV-ECMO, did not result in serious thrombotic events or thrombosis-related deaths, indicating that it is a safe and feasible strategy for perioperative ECMO in lung transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241273012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as prognostic biomarker for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex pulmonary disease through anti-mycobacterial treatment.","authors":"Hyeontaek Hwang, Joong-Yub Kim, Jae-Joon Yim, Nakwon Kwak","doi":"10.1177/17534666241282272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17534666241282272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It remains unclear whether erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) accurately predicts prognosis during treatment and how ESR changes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess the predictive values of ESR as a prognostic factor of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) while on anti-mycobacterial treatment and its changes according to the treatment responses.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study is a retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included patients aged 18 years or older who initiated anti-mycobacterial treatment for MAC-PD at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2009 and March 31, 2022. ESR should be measured at least twice, with a minimum interval of 3 months, during the initial 12 months from the commencement of antibiotic treatment. A mixed linear regression and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to analyze repeated ESR data and the association with patient survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of a total of 825 patients who initiated antibiotic treatment for MAC-PD, 369 patients were included in the analysis. Increased levels of ESR during the treatment process were associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.03) after adjusting age, sex, comorbidities, presence of cavity, acid-fast bacilli smear positivity, and culture conversion at 12 months. During the treatment, ESR at 12 months of treatment significantly decreased compared to baseline ESR in both the culture-converted and not-converted groups, which was categorized based on whether the culture conversion was achieved within the 12 months after treatment initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ESR predicted mortality during treatment and decreased over time, regardless of treatment outcomes. Our results underscore the importance of administering anti-mycobacterial treatment even in patients who did not achieve a microbiological cure.</p>","PeriodicalId":22884,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease","volume":"18 ","pages":"17534666241282272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}